Iskandinav Hukukunun Belirleyici Özellikleri ve Dünya Hukuk Çevreleri Içine Yerleştirilmesi Sorunu

Year 2020, Volume: 78 Issue: 1, 99 - 137, 31.03.2020

Koray Güven

Abstract

Bu çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde İskandinav hukukunun belirleyici özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve açıklanmasına çalışılacaktır. Geniş anlamda İskandinav hukuku, İsveç, Norveç, Danimarka, İzlanda ve Finlandiya hukuklarını kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu hukuk düzenlerinin tarihsel gelişimleri, hukuk kaynakları, yargıç hukuku, yorum, hukuki düşünce biçimi, İskandinav hukukuna rengini veren pragmatizm ve realizm, hukuk eğitimi, hukukçuluk mesleği ve yargı teşkilatı göz önüne alınacaktır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümü İskandinav hukukunu, dünya hukuk sistemlerinin sınıflandırmaları arasına yerleştirmeye yönelik bir girişimdir. Birinci bölümde tespit edilen ayırt edici özelliklere dayanılarak, İskandinav hukukunun Kıta Avrupası veya common law hukuk çevreleri altında ele alınmasını imkânsız hale getiren ayrıksı konumu gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu doğrultuda, hukuk çevreleri teorilerinin uygunluğu sorgulanacak ve klasik hukuk çevreleri ayrımlarının, İskandinav hukuku gibi atipik hukuk sistemlerini içerecek kadar kapsayıcı olup olmadığı sorusu yöneltilecektir. Bu sorgulama çerçevesinde, hukuk düzenlerinin sınıflandırılmasına yönelik, çoğu ‘kurallar bütünü olarak hukuk’ yaklaşımını reddeden yakın tarihli öneriler de, atipik düzenleri kapsamaya uygun oluşları bakımından incelenip değerlendirilecektir

Keywords

İskandinav hukuku, Hukuk çevreleri, Kıta avrupası hukuku, Common law, Karşılaştırmalı hukuk

Supporting Institution

Yazar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

The Distinctive Features of Scandinavian Law and The Problem of Locating It among the Legal Families of the World

Abstract

This paper is divided into two parts. The first part of the study attempts to determine and explain the distinctive features of Scandinavian law. Scandinavian law, in the broad sense of the term, covers the laws of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Finland. In this respect, the historical developments of the laws of these countries, legal sources, judge-made law, interpretation, legal reasoning, pragmatism and realism which mark Scandinavian laws as their peculiar features as well as legal education, legal career and judiciary are taken account of. The second part of the study is an attempt to locate Scandinavian law among the classifications of legal systems of the world. Based on the significant features determined in the first part of the study, the second part attempts to demonstrate the distinct position of Scandinavian law which renders it impossible to be subsumed under common law or civil law families. Against this background, the merits of legal families theories will be questioned and the question whether the classical legal families approach is sufficiently overarching to accommodate atypical legal systems such as Scandinavian law will be raised. Within the scope of this query, recent proposals to classify legal systems - most of which reject the ‘law as rules’ approach - will be examined and evaluated in terms of their appropriateness to cover such atypical systems.

Keywords

Scandinavian law, Legal families, Civil law, Common law, Comparative law

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