Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Ekonomik Yaptırımlar ve ABD’nin Tek Taraflı Yaptırımlarının Kısa Bir Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 78 Issue: 4, 2049 - 2078, 13.02.2021

Galip Engin Şimşek

https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2020.78.4.0011

Abstract

Bu makalede devletlerin aralarında çıkan belli uyuşmazlık alanlarında birbirlerini belli şekilde davranmaya zorlamak üzere uygulamaya koydukları ekonomik yaptırım politikalarının uluslararası hukuka uygunluğu ve etkinliği meselesi ele alınmaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle söz konusu yaptırım politikalarının uygulanmasını yasaklayan bir uluslararası hukuk kuralının mevcut olup olmadığına yönelik bir araştırma yapılmakta ve ardından bu tür yaptırım politikalarının uygulanması sırasında uyulması gereken ilgili uluslararası kurallar incelenmektedir. Makalede ele alınan diğer bir mesele devletlerin birbirlerine baskı kurmak üzere başvurdukları söz konusu politikaların istenen sonucu sağlayıp sağlamadığı, başka bir ifade ile etkinliği konusudur. Bu çerçevede bu tür politikaların etkinliğini arttıran veya azaltan devlet içi ve devletlerarası ekonomik ve sosyal dinamikler analiz edilmektedir. Makalede son olarak ekonomik yaptırım politikalarının özel bir türü olan ve genellikle ABD tarafından sıklıkla kullanılan belli devletlere, örgütlere ve kişilere yönelik yaptırımlar öngören ülke aşıcı etkili kanuni düzenlemelerin uluslararası hukuka uygunluğu sorunu ele alınmaktadır.

Keywords

Ekonomik Yaptırımlar, Karşı Tedbirler, İç İşlerine Müdahale Yasağı, Yaptırımların Etkinliği, Ülke Dışı Yetki, ABD’nin Tek Taraflı Yaptırımları

Supporting Institution

Yazar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

Economic Sanctions in International Law and A Short Evaluation of the Us’ Unilateral Sanctions

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyse the international legality and the effectiveness of economic sanctioning policies, adopted by states to force each other to behave in a certain way in areas of conflict. In this regard, first of all, research directed towards discovering if a rule exists prohibiting economic sanction is undertaken, and then relevant international rules that need to be conformed in applying these policies are elaborated. Another issue addressed in this article is the probability of success, namely, effectiveness, of these sanctioning policies. In this context, economic and social inter and intra state dynamics, which either strengthen or weaken the effectiveness of these policies, are closely examined. Finally, the article scrutinises, from the perspective of international law, the problems arising from the US' laws having extraterritorial effects and prescribing sanctions for foreign entities.

Keywords

Economic Sanctions, Counter-Measures, Principle of Non-Intervening in Domestic Affairs, Effectiveness of Sanctions, Extraterritorial Powers, US’ unilateral sanctions

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