Uluslararası Ceza Divanı Savcısının Re’sen Kullandığı Yetkilere Dair İtirazların Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 81 Issue: 2, 437 - 456, 02.10.2023

Şehmus Kurtuluş

https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2023.81.2.0005

Abstract

Uluslararası Ceza Divanını kuran Roma Statüsünün görüşülüp oylandığı Roma Diplomatik Konferansında, Divan Savcısının yetkileri, en önemli ihtilaf konularından birini teşkil etmişti. Özellikle de savcının re’sen (bir taraf devlet başvurusu ya da Güvenlik Konseyi kararı olmaksızın) soruşturma başlatabilme yetkisi konferansa katılan devletler arasında ciddi fikir ayrılıklarının doğmasına neden olmuştu. Bazı devletler, Uluslararası Ceza Divanı Savcısına tanınan yetkilerin politik motivasyonlu yargılamalara yol açabileceği gibi korkular dolayısıyla, bu yetkileri ‘kabul edilemez’ olarak nitelendirmişlerdi. Her ne kadar Uluslararası Ceza Divanının kuruluşundan bu yana geçen iki savcılık dönemi politik motivasyonlu yargılama gibi korkuların yersiz olduğunu göstermiş olsa da, 16 Haziran 2021’den başlayarak dokuz yıllık bir dönem için Divanın yeni (üçüncü) savcısının seçilmesi süreci, Divan Savcısının yetkileri konusunu tekrar gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Divan Savcısının yetkilerini sınırlandıran ve kararlarını denetlenebilir kılan Roma Statüsü tedbirlerine dikkat çekerek, devletlerin siyasi motivasyonlu suçlamalarla karşı karşıya kalmak gibi endişelerinin giderilmesine katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma aynı zamanda, Divan Savcısının re’sen soruşturma başlatabilme yetkisinin Divanın etkin ve verimli işleyişi için neden elzem olduğunu güncel gelişmeler ışığında açıklamayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada, ağırlıklı olarak Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesini Kuran Roma Statüsü, Roma Diplomatik Konferansı Resmi Kayıtları, Savcılık Bürosu tarafından yayımlanan Ön İnceleme Faaliyet Raporları, Ön İnceleme Daireleri Kararları gibi birincil kaynaklardan faydalanılmış olmakla beraber, başka yazarların görüş ve değerlendirmelerine de yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

Uluslararası Ceza Divanı, Roma Statüsü, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, UCD, UCM, Uluslararası Ceza Divanı Savcısı, Uluslararası Ceza Divanı Savcısının Yetkileri, Fatou Bensouda, Karim Khan

A Critique of the Concerns on the Proprio Motu Powers of the ICC Prosecutor

Abstract

During the Rome Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries where the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was drafted, the ICC Prosecutor’s powers were a matter of dispute. It was particularly the Prosecutor’s authority to investigate complaints without any referral from a State Party or the Security Council which led to serious debates among participating States. Though there was wide support for the empowerment of the Prosecutor to activate the trigger mechanism of the ICC proprio motu (on his/her own initiative), there was also strong opposition. Some States described the prosecutorial powers granted to the Prosecutor as ‘unacceptable’ due to fears such as facing politically motivated prosecutions. Though the previous two prosecutorial terms showed that fears of politicized prosecutions were far-fetched, the process of selecting the third Prosecutor of the ICC for a nine-year term commencing 16 June 2021 once again put a spotlight on the prosecutorial powers as well as on the challenges the new Prosecutor would face. The present study will first draw attention to the judicial scrutiny of the chambers of the ICC and the filtering mechanism of the Rome Statute in an attempt to allay fears that the Prosecutor’s powers may lead to politicized prosecutions. The study will then explain, in light of recent developments, why the ICC Prosecutor’s power to act proprio motu is crucial for the effective operation of the Court. In so doing, the study will mainly benefit from primary sources such as the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Official Records of the Rome Conference, Reports of the Office of the Prosecutor on Preliminary Examination Activities, Decisions of the Pre-Trial Chambers, as well as the comments made by scholars thereon.

Keywords

International Criminal Court, Rome Statute, ICC, ICC Prosecutor, Powers of the ICC Prosecutor, Fatou Bensouda, Karim Khan

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