AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ’NİN ÜLKE DIŞINDA UYGULANMASI ve 56. MADDE: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN “SÖMÜRGE KAYDI”YLA İMTİHANI

Abstract

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde yer bakımından uygulamaya ilişkin iki düzenleme bulunmaktadır. Konuyla ilgili genel düzenleme 1. maddede yer almaktadır. “Sömürge kaydı” olarak da bilinen 56. Madde ise taraf devletlerin uluslararası ilişkilerinden sorumlu oldukları ülkelere ilişkin olan düzenlemedir. Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, 1. madde çerçevesinde Sözleşme’nin ülke dışı uygulanmasını kabul etmektedir. Buna karşın 56. madde, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi tarafından, taraf devletlerin uluslararası ilişkilerinden sorumlu oldukları ülkeleri Sözleşme koruması dışında bırakacak şekilde yorumlanmaktadır. Adil olmadığı Mahkeme tarafından da kabul edilen bu durum Mahkemenin 1. madde ve ülke dışı uygulamaya ilişkin bakış açısıyla uyum göstermemekte, sömürgecilik döneminin siyasi ve hukuki kalıntılarını günümüze taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• yetki
• ülke dışı uygulama
• sömürge kaydı
• etkin kontrol
• yer bakımından uygulama

EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND ARTICLE 56: TEST OF EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS WITH “COLONIAL CLAUSE”

Abstract

There are two provisions regarding territorial application in the European Convention on Human Rights. General rule of territorial application is regulated by Article 1. As to Article 56, also known as the "colonial clause", it is the regulation regarding the territories for whose international relations a state party is responsible. The European Court of Human Rights recognizes the extraterritorial application of the Convention within the framework of Article 1. On the other hand, Article 56 is interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights in a way that excludes from the protection of the Convention the territories for whose international relations the party states are responsible. This situation, which was accepted by the Court itself as unfair, does not comply with the Court's perspective on Article 1 and extraterritorial application, and carries the political and legal remnants of the colonial period to the present day.

Keywords

• jurisdiction
• extraterritorial application
• colonial clause
• effective control

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