Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve Günümüz Işığında Devletin Varlığının Temelleri ve Zorunluluğu

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 391 - 420, 15.01.2025

Hossam Moussa Mohamed Shousha , Doğan Delil Gültekin

https://doi.org/10.69576/ihya.1526370

Abstract

Bu çalışma Kur’an-ı Kerim ve günümüz perspektifinden varlığının zorunluluğuna işaret eden delilerin istinbatı yoluyla ‘devlet’ kavramını açıklamayı hedef edinmektedir. Çalışmanın ana problemi -yazarlara göre- klasik dönem İslam müfekkirelerinin devlet mefhumunu batı fikir dünyasında olduğu gibi modern haliyle ele almamış olmalarıdır. Oysa devlet mefhumu ciddi öneme haiz olup kanun ve düzenin simgesidir. Onsuz hayatın kaim olması mümkün değildir. Çalışmada siyasi İslami düşüncenin ve batı düşünce dünyasının devlet mefhumunun tanımı konusundaki ihtilafı da -ki bunda kültürel dünyanın ve algı yapısının farklılığı etkilidir- konu edinmiştir. Çalışma tümevarım ve tahlil yöntemlerini kullanarak tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmanın elde ettiği en önemli sonuçlardan; devlet olgusunun hayatın kendisi ile direk bağlantılı olduğu, toplumsal adalet ve yaşanılabilir bir hayatın devlet olgusu ve yapısından özellikle de siyasi ve kanuni anlamda müstağni olamayacağı sayılabilir. Bunun yanında çalışma modern devlet mefhumunun fiili olarak var olmasına rağmen klasik İslami düşünce dünyasında yer almadığını ortaya koymuştur. Son olarak çalışmanın en önemli sonuçlarından biri de batı dünyası lügatlerinde devlet mefhumunun sadece sözlük anlamıyla var olduğu, bunun ötesine geçilmediği ve bunun da rab adına yönetmek anlamına gelen teokrasinin çıkışına sebep olduğunun tespitidir.

Keywords

Tefsir, İslam, Devletin Varlığı, Zorunluluk, Modern Dünya

The Foundations and Necessity of the Existence of the State in the Light of the Qur'an and Today

Abstract

This research focuses on elucidating the concept of the state by deducing conceptions that indicate its necessary existence from both the Qur’ānic perspective and present reality. The research problem lies in the fact that traditional Islamic thinkers—according to the researcher’s knowledge—did not discuss the state as a modern concept, as seen in Western thought. This is because the state is a symbol of order and law, without which life cannot proceed properly. Additionally, this research highlights the difference between Islamic political thought and its Western counterpart in understanding and defining the state, as the two trends differ in culture and conviction. This analysis was conducted using an inductive and analytical methodology. Highlighting the most significant results, the research proved that the state is closely connected to life and is indispensable for providing a good life and balanced social justice in all aspects, particularly in political and legal matters. The research also demonstrated that, although the modern definition of the state was not explicitly used in ancient Islamic thought, its applications were implemented in practice. Furthermore, there is a significant discrepancy between the linguistic definition of the concept of the state in Islamic thought and Arabic dictionaries on the one hand, and Western thought and Western dictionaries on the other. One of the most important findings of the research is that the meaning of the state, as found in Western language dictionaries, based on the linguistic root of the word, clearly indicates the extent of stagnation and tyranny in the use of the state and its applications in ancient Western thought. This misuse led to the emergence of the so-called theocracy, which means ruling in the name of God.

Keywords

Tafsīr, İslam, Existence of the State, Necessity, Present Reality

أسس وجود الدولة وضرورتها في ضوء القرآن الكريم والواقع المعاصر

Abstract

يركز هذا البحث على بيان مفهوم الدولة من خلال استنباط معانٍ دالة على ضرورة وجودها انطلاقاً من القرآن الكريم والواقع المعاصر، وتكمن مشكلة البحث في أن المفكرين الإسلاميين القدامى -حسب اطلاع الباحث- لم يتناولوا الدولة بالمفهوم الحديث كما في الفكر الغربي. ذلك أن الدولة رمز للنظام والقانون، والحياة لا تستقيم إلا بهما، كذلك يركز هذا البحث على الاختلاف بين الفكر السياسي الإسلامي ونظيره الغربي في فهم وتعريف الدولة، حيث تختلف الثقافات والقناعات بين الاتجاهين، وذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي. وقد أثبت البحث من خلال إبراز أهم النتائج أن الدولة مرتبطة بالحياة، لا غنى عنها للحياة الكريمة والعدالة الاجتماعية المتوازنة في كل مرافق الحياة وخصوصاً السياسية والقانونية. كما أثبت البحث أن تعريف الدولة بالمفهوم الحديث لم يكن مستخدماً في الفكر الإسلامي القديم، بينما تطبيقاتها كانت منفذة على أرض الواقع؛ كما أن ثمة تباين شديد بين التعريف اللغوي لمفهوم الدولة بين كل من الفكر الإسلامي والمعاجم العربية من جهة، وبين الفكر الغربي والمعاجم الغربية من جهة أخرى. ومن أهم ما توصل إليه البحث أن مدلول الدولة في معاجم اللغة الغربية بناء على الجذر اللغوي للكلمة يشير بوضوح إلى مدى الجمود والطغيان في استخدامات الدولة وتطبيقاتها في الفكر الغربي القديم، مما أدى إلى ظهور ما يسمى بالـ (ثيوقراطية) والتي تعني الحكم باسم الرب.

Keywords

تفسير, اسلام, وجود الدولة, الضرورة, الواقع المعاصر

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