Dünyada son yıllarda artan karbondioksit salınımına bağlı olarak çevre kirliliği ve küresel iklim değişiklikleri yaşanmaktadır. Bu sorunların asgari düzeye indirilmesi konusunda; karbon yakalama-depolama, karbon vergisi ve karbon ticareti gibi iktisadi politikalar uygulanmaktadır. Bunun yanında bu kapsamda Kyoto Protokolü ve Hükümetler arası İklim Değişikliği Paneli gibi küresel girişimler de bulunulmaktadır. Karbon emisyonunun öneminden hareketle bu çalışmada, OECD ülkelerinde sanayi sektöründe; karbon emisyonu, petrol tüketimi ve petrol fiyatları arasındaki ilişki 1996-2011 dönemi için Panel Veri Yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. PMG, CCEMG ve AUG tahmincileri, uzun dönemde petrol tüketimindeki artışların karbon emisyonunu arttırdığını göstermiştir. Bunlara ilave olarak PMG tahmincisi sonuçları ile petrol fiyatlarının karbon emisyonunu uzun dönemde azalttığı, kısa dönemde ise arttırdığı görülmüştür.

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