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Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 61 - 78, 31.12.2020

Abstract

References

  • AASTVEIT, K. A., NATVIK, G. J., & SOLA, S. (2017). Economic Uncertainty and The Influence of Monetary Policy. Journal of International Money and Finance, 76, 50–67.
  • AIZENMAN, J., & MARION, N. (1991). Policy Uncertainty, Persistence And Growth. NBER Working Papers Series, 3848, 1-31.
  • AKEY, P., & LEWELLEN, S. (2015). Policy Uncertainty, Political Capital, and Firm Risk-Taking. SSRN Electronic Journal, https://business-school.exeter.ac.uk/documents/Seminars_by_visitors/policy_uncertainty.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • ALESSANDRI, P., & MUMTAZ, H. (2019). Financial Regimes and Uncertainty Shocks. Journal of Monetary Economics, 101, 31–46.
  • ANTONAKAKIS, N., CHATZİANTONIOU, I., & FILIS G. (2013). Dynamic Co-Movements of Stock Market Returns, Implied Volatility And Policy Uncertainty. Economics Letters, 120, 87–92.
  • ARELLANO, M., & BOND, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58 (2), 277-297.
  • BAUM, C. F., CAGLAYAN, M., & TALAVERA, O. (2010). On the Sensitivity of Firms' İnvestment to Cash Flow and Uncertainty. Oxford Economic Papers, New Series, 62 (2), 286-306.
  • BERNANKE, B. S. (1983). Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Cyclical Investment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98 (1), 85-106.
  • BLOOM, N. (2009). The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks. Econometrica, 77 (3), 623-685.
  • BLOOM, N. (2014). Fluctuations in Uncertainty. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28 (2), 153–176.
  • CAGGIANO, G., CASTELNUOVO, E., & GROSHENNY, N. (2014). Uncertainty Shocks and Unemployment Dynamics in U.S. Recessions. Journal of Monetary Economics, 67, 78–92.
  • CHENG, H., & GAWANDE, K. (2017). Economic Policy Uncertainty, Political Capital and Bank Risk-taking. https://editorialexpress.com/cgi-bin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=CICF2017&paper_id=309, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • CHI, Q., & LI, W. (2017). Economic policy uncertainty, credit risks and banks’ lending decisions: Evidence from Chinese commercial banks. China Journal of Accounting Research, 10, 33–50.
  • CHRISTOUA, C., CUNADOB, J., GUPTAC, R., & HASAPISC, C. (2017). Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Market Returns in Pacific Rim countries: Evidence Based on a Bayesian panel VAR Model. J. of Multi. Fin. Manag., 40, 92–102.
  • CUKIERMAN, A. (1980). The Effects of Uncertainty on Investment under Risk Neutrality with Endogenous Information. Journal of Political Economy, 88 (3), 462-475
  • DAI, L., & ZHANG, B. (2019). Political Uncertainty and Finance: A Survey. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 48, 307–333.
  • EPU, https://www.policyuncertainty.com/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • FANG, L., YU, H., & LI, L. (2017). The Effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty on The Long-Term Correlation between U.S. Stock and Bond Markets. Economic Modelling, 66, 139–145.
  • HENRY, C. (1974). Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty: The "Irreversibility Effect". The American Economic Review, 64 (6), 1006-1012.
  • JONES, P. M., & OLSON, E. (2013). The time-varying correlation between uncertainty, output, and inflation:Evidence from a DCC-GARCH model. Economics Letters, 118, 33–37.
  • LEE, C.C., LEE, C. C., ZENG, J. H., & HSU, Y. L. (2017). Peer Bank Behavior, Economic Policy Uncertainty, and Leverage Decision of Financial İnstitutions. Journal of Financial Stability, 30, 79–91.
  • MARCUS, A. A. (1986). Policy Uncertainty and Tecnological Innovation. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 6 (3), 443-448.
  • MSCI, https://www.msci.com/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • NYU, https://vlab.stern.nyu.edu/, Erişim Adresi: 17.09.2020
  • POPP, A., & ZHANG, F. (2016). The Macroeconomic Effects of Uncertainty Shocks: The Role of The Financial Channel. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 69 ,319–349.
  • WORLD BANK, https://www.worldbank.org/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020.
  • WU, J., YAO, Y., CHEN, M., & JEON, B.N. (2019). Economic uncertainty and bank risk: Evidence from Emerging Economies. http://www.apjfs.org/resource/global/cafm/2019-11-1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • PHAN, D. H. B., IYKE, B. N., SHARMA, S.S., & AFFANDI, Y. (2020). Economic Policy Uncertainty and Financial Stability–Is There A Relation? Economic Modelling, xxx (xxxx) xxx, 1-12.
  • STOCK, J. H., & WATSON, M. W. (2012). Disentangling the Channels of the 2007–09 Recession. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 81-135.
  • WU, J., Lİ, H., ZHENG, D., & LIU, X. (2020). Economic Uncertainty Or Financial Uncertainty? An EmpiricalAnalysis of Bank Risk-Taking in Asian Emerging Markets. Finance Research Letters, xxx (xxxx) xxxx, 1-10.
  • WU, T.P., LIU, S.B., & HSUEH, S. J. (2016). The Causal Relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Market: A Panel Data Analysis. International Economic Journal, 30 (1), 109–122.
  • TRAN, D. V. (2020). Economic Policy Uncertainty and Bank Dividend Policy. International Review of Economics, 67, 339–361.
  • VURAL-YAVAŞ, Ç. (2020). Corporate Risk-Taking in Developed Countries:The İnfluence of Economic Policy Uncertaintyand Macroeconomic Conditions. J. of Multi. Fin. Manag., 54, 100616, 1-21.
  • YAHOO FINANCE, https://finance.yahoo.com/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020

Politik Belirsizlikler Altında Türk Bankalarının Risk Alma Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 61 - 78, 31.12.2020

Abstract

Belirsizlik ve risk kavramı makro-finans teorisinde on yıllardır tartışılmış bir konudur. Özellikle, politik belirsizlikler konusu son yıllarda birçok araştırmada ele alınmıştır. Küresel ekonomide görülen ekonomik ve parasal politika belirsizlikleri hem gelişmiş ülkelerin hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerin temel makroekonomik göstergelerini etkilemektedir. Aynı zamanda, politik belirsizlikler ve finansal sektörün istikrarı arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. Nitekim, ekonomik ve parasal politika belirsizliklerin finansal sistem içerisinde faaliyet gösteren kurumların politikalarında ve risk alma eğilimlerinde önemli değişimlere neden olabildiği birçok araştırmada gösterilmiştir. Bu araştırmada Türk Finansal Sisteminin istikrarı ve politik belirsizlikler arasındaki ilişkisi bankacılık sektörü üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Türk Finansal Sistemi içerisinde bankalar hâkim konumdadır. Bu bakımdan bankaların risk alma davranışları ve sistemik risk düzeyleri finansal sistemin genel istikrarı açısından kilit role sahiptir. Araştırmada, Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren dokuz bankanın sistemik riskleri üzerinde ABD kaynaklı ekonomik ve parasal politika belirsizlerin etkisi seçili makroekonomik değişkenlerin kontrolünde ne yönde olduğu incelenmiştir. Sistemik risk ve politik belirsizlikler ilişkisi incelenirken, literatür incelenmiş ve sistemik riskleri temsilen Brownlees ve Engle (2017) tarafından önerilen SRISK endeksi kullanılmıştır. Politik belirsizlikleri temsilen ise Baker vd. (2015) geliştirilen ABD ekonomik ve parasal politika endeks değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Bankalar seçilirken ise, şube sayıları, mevduat toplama kapasiteleri ve piyasadaki faaliyetleri göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Aynı zamanda veri aralığının eksiksiz olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Seçilmiş dokuz bankanın 2006-2019 dönemi, Arellano ve Bond (1991), Fark GMM yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, ekonomik politika belirsizliklerinin Türk bankalarının risk alma eğilimlerini ve de dolaysıyla sistemik risklerini azalttığını göstermiştir. Buna göre, ABD’de yaşanan ve tüm küresel sistemi etkileyen belirsizlik ortamı Türk Bankalarını risk alma konusunda daha temkinli olmaya yönlendirmiştir. Bununla birlikte ABD’de yaşanan parasal politika belirsizlikleri karşısında Türk Bankalarının daha savunmasız olduğu ve küresel risklere daha açık olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçları, politik riskler ve küresel piyasa koşullarındaki değişimler karşısında Türk Bankacılık Sektörü risklerinin son derece duyarlı olduğu, reel ekonomiyle bankacılık riskleri arasındaki etkileşimin son derece güçlü olduğu gösterilmiştir.

References

  • AASTVEIT, K. A., NATVIK, G. J., & SOLA, S. (2017). Economic Uncertainty and The Influence of Monetary Policy. Journal of International Money and Finance, 76, 50–67.
  • AIZENMAN, J., & MARION, N. (1991). Policy Uncertainty, Persistence And Growth. NBER Working Papers Series, 3848, 1-31.
  • AKEY, P., & LEWELLEN, S. (2015). Policy Uncertainty, Political Capital, and Firm Risk-Taking. SSRN Electronic Journal, https://business-school.exeter.ac.uk/documents/Seminars_by_visitors/policy_uncertainty.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • ALESSANDRI, P., & MUMTAZ, H. (2019). Financial Regimes and Uncertainty Shocks. Journal of Monetary Economics, 101, 31–46.
  • ANTONAKAKIS, N., CHATZİANTONIOU, I., & FILIS G. (2013). Dynamic Co-Movements of Stock Market Returns, Implied Volatility And Policy Uncertainty. Economics Letters, 120, 87–92.
  • ARELLANO, M., & BOND, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58 (2), 277-297.
  • BAUM, C. F., CAGLAYAN, M., & TALAVERA, O. (2010). On the Sensitivity of Firms' İnvestment to Cash Flow and Uncertainty. Oxford Economic Papers, New Series, 62 (2), 286-306.
  • BERNANKE, B. S. (1983). Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Cyclical Investment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98 (1), 85-106.
  • BLOOM, N. (2009). The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks. Econometrica, 77 (3), 623-685.
  • BLOOM, N. (2014). Fluctuations in Uncertainty. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28 (2), 153–176.
  • CAGGIANO, G., CASTELNUOVO, E., & GROSHENNY, N. (2014). Uncertainty Shocks and Unemployment Dynamics in U.S. Recessions. Journal of Monetary Economics, 67, 78–92.
  • CHENG, H., & GAWANDE, K. (2017). Economic Policy Uncertainty, Political Capital and Bank Risk-taking. https://editorialexpress.com/cgi-bin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=CICF2017&paper_id=309, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • CHI, Q., & LI, W. (2017). Economic policy uncertainty, credit risks and banks’ lending decisions: Evidence from Chinese commercial banks. China Journal of Accounting Research, 10, 33–50.
  • CHRISTOUA, C., CUNADOB, J., GUPTAC, R., & HASAPISC, C. (2017). Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Market Returns in Pacific Rim countries: Evidence Based on a Bayesian panel VAR Model. J. of Multi. Fin. Manag., 40, 92–102.
  • CUKIERMAN, A. (1980). The Effects of Uncertainty on Investment under Risk Neutrality with Endogenous Information. Journal of Political Economy, 88 (3), 462-475
  • DAI, L., & ZHANG, B. (2019). Political Uncertainty and Finance: A Survey. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 48, 307–333.
  • EPU, https://www.policyuncertainty.com/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • FANG, L., YU, H., & LI, L. (2017). The Effect of Economic Policy Uncertainty on The Long-Term Correlation between U.S. Stock and Bond Markets. Economic Modelling, 66, 139–145.
  • HENRY, C. (1974). Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty: The "Irreversibility Effect". The American Economic Review, 64 (6), 1006-1012.
  • JONES, P. M., & OLSON, E. (2013). The time-varying correlation between uncertainty, output, and inflation:Evidence from a DCC-GARCH model. Economics Letters, 118, 33–37.
  • LEE, C.C., LEE, C. C., ZENG, J. H., & HSU, Y. L. (2017). Peer Bank Behavior, Economic Policy Uncertainty, and Leverage Decision of Financial İnstitutions. Journal of Financial Stability, 30, 79–91.
  • MARCUS, A. A. (1986). Policy Uncertainty and Tecnological Innovation. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 6 (3), 443-448.
  • MSCI, https://www.msci.com/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • NYU, https://vlab.stern.nyu.edu/, Erişim Adresi: 17.09.2020
  • POPP, A., & ZHANG, F. (2016). The Macroeconomic Effects of Uncertainty Shocks: The Role of The Financial Channel. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 69 ,319–349.
  • WORLD BANK, https://www.worldbank.org/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020.
  • WU, J., YAO, Y., CHEN, M., & JEON, B.N. (2019). Economic uncertainty and bank risk: Evidence from Emerging Economies. http://www.apjfs.org/resource/global/cafm/2019-11-1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
  • PHAN, D. H. B., IYKE, B. N., SHARMA, S.S., & AFFANDI, Y. (2020). Economic Policy Uncertainty and Financial Stability–Is There A Relation? Economic Modelling, xxx (xxxx) xxx, 1-12.
  • STOCK, J. H., & WATSON, M. W. (2012). Disentangling the Channels of the 2007–09 Recession. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 81-135.
  • WU, J., Lİ, H., ZHENG, D., & LIU, X. (2020). Economic Uncertainty Or Financial Uncertainty? An EmpiricalAnalysis of Bank Risk-Taking in Asian Emerging Markets. Finance Research Letters, xxx (xxxx) xxxx, 1-10.
  • WU, T.P., LIU, S.B., & HSUEH, S. J. (2016). The Causal Relationship between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Market: A Panel Data Analysis. International Economic Journal, 30 (1), 109–122.
  • TRAN, D. V. (2020). Economic Policy Uncertainty and Bank Dividend Policy. International Review of Economics, 67, 339–361.
  • VURAL-YAVAŞ, Ç. (2020). Corporate Risk-Taking in Developed Countries:The İnfluence of Economic Policy Uncertaintyand Macroeconomic Conditions. J. of Multi. Fin. Manag., 54, 100616, 1-21.
  • YAHOO FINANCE, https://finance.yahoo.com/, Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2020
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Issue
Authors

Hikmet Akyol 0000-0001-9119-7416

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date September 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akyol, H. (2020). Politik Belirsizlikler Altında Türk Bankalarının Risk Alma Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.21180/iibfdkastamonu.797633