Yeni Kariyer Yaklaşımlarına Güncel Bir Bakış: Kaleydoskop Kariyer Modeli

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, iş dünyasında yaşanan gelişmelere paralel olarak değişime uğrayan kariyer anlayışını güncel bir bakış açısıyla ele alarak yeni kariyer anlayışına daha geniş bir perspektifle değinmektir. Böylece nispeten daha yeni bir kariyer yaklaşımı olan Kaleydoskop Kariyer Modeli ele alınarak Türkçe literatüre katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak yeni kariyer yaklaşımları başlığı altında geleneksel kariyer ile yeni kariyer ayrımına değinilmiş ve yeni kariyerin ortaya çıkışı ile yeni kariyer yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Ardından çalışmaya temel teşkil eden Kaleydoskop Kariyer Modeli (KKM) ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklanarak, modelin yeni kariyer yaklaşımlarının neresinde yer aldığı değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak Kaleydoskop Kariyer Modelinin uygulamada karşılık bulabilmesi için işletmelere düşen sorumluluklara değinilerek modelin nitelikli çalışanları elde tutma ve potansiyel çalışan adaylarını cezbetme konusunda yararlı bir araç olarak kullanılabileceği değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.

Keywords

• Geleneksel Kariyer
• Yeni Kariyer Yaklaşımları
• Kaleydoskop Kariyer Modeli
• Kadınların Kariyeri
• Erkeklerin Kariyeri

A Current Overview of New Career Approaches: The Kaleidoscope Career Model

Abstract

The aim of this study is to address the new career approach with a wider perspective by addressing the changing career approach in parallel with the developments in the business world from a current perspective. Thus, it is aimed to contribute to the Turkish literature by considering the Kaleidoscope Career Model, which is a relatively new career approach. In this context, firstly, the distinction between traditional career and new career is mentioned under the title of new career approaches and the emergence of new career and new career approaches are discussed. Then, the Kaleidoscope Career Model (KCM), which forms the basis of the study, was explained in detail and it was evaluated where the model is located in the new career approaches. Finally, in order for the Kaleidoscope Career Model to find a response in practice, it has been evaluated that the model can be used as a useful tool to retain qualified employees and attract potential candidates.

Keywords

• Traditional Career
• New Career Approaches
• Kaleidoscope Career Model
• Women
• Men

References

1. Aprianingsih, A. (2012). The kaleidoscope career model and work family conflict: An exploration across career stages (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), St. Ambrose University.
2. Arnold, J. (1997). Managing careers into the 21st century. London: SAGE.
3. Arthur, M. B. (1994). The boundaryless career: A new perspective for organizational inquiry. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4), 295-306.
4. Arthur, M. B., & Rousseau, D. M. (Eds.). (1996). The boundaryless career: A new employment principle for a new organizational era. NY: Oxford University Press on Demand.
5. Arthur, M., Inkson, K., & Pringle, J. (1999). The new careers: Individual action and economic change. London: SAGE.
6. August, R. A. (2011). Women’s later life career development: Looking through the lens of the kaleidoscope career model. Journal of Career Development, 38(3), 208-236.
7. Bachiochi, P. D. (1993). Effects of work and leisure-role salience on career development. In J. Demick & P. M. Miller (Eds.). Development in the workplace (pp. 129-138). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. Baruch, Y. (2004). Transforming careers: From linear to multidirectional career paths: Organizational and individual perspectives. Career Development International, 9(1), 58-73.

9. Baruch, Y. (2006). Career development in organizations and beyond: Balancing traditional and contemporary viewpoints. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 125-138.
10. Baruch, Y., & Vardi, Y. (2016). A fresh look at the dark side of contemporary careers: Toward a realistic discourse. British Journal of Management, 27(2), 355-372.
11. Blustein, D. L. (1997). A Context‐rich perspective of career exploration across the life roles. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 260-274.
12. Bravo, J., Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., & Liden, R. C. (2017). Measuring career orientations in the era of the boundaryless career. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(3), 502-525.
13. Briscoe, J. P., & Hall, D. T. (2006). The interplay of boundaryless and protean careers: Combinations and implications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(1), 4-18.
14. Briscoe, J. P., Hall, D. T., & DeMuth, R. L. F. (2006). Protean and boundaryless careers: An empirical exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(1), 30-47.
15. Cabrera, E. F. (2007). Opting out and opting in: Understanding the complexities of women's career transitions. Career Development International, 12(3), 218-237.
16. Carraher, S. M., & Sullivan, S. E. (2018). Applying the kaleidoscope career model to explore how millennials view challenge: A qualitative study and recommendations for future research, In S. E. Sullivan & G. Baugh (Eds.). Seeking challenge in the career (pp. 103-123). USA: Information Age Publishing.
17. Dikili, A. (2012). Yeni kariyer yaklaşımlarına ilişkin değerlendirmeler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 473-484.
18. Eby, L. T., Butts, M., & Lockwood, A. (2003). Predictors of success in the era of the boundaryless career. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(6), 689-708.
19. Enzor, H. L. (1991). Career development assessment of at-risk students: Implications for a dropout prevention model (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
20. Ervin, S. M. (2015). Exploring the career needs of intercollegiate head coaches: A kaleidoscope career perspective (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), The Ohio State University.
21. Gilbert, L. A. (2014). Men in dual-career families: Current realities and future prospects. NY: Psychology Press.
22. Greenhaus, J., & Foley, S. (2007). The intersection of work and family lives, In Hall, D. T. (Ed.). Careers in and out of organizations (pp. 131-152). London: SAGE.
23. Hall, D. T. (1996). Protean careers of the 21st century. Academy of Management Perspectives, 10(4), 8-16.
24. Hall, D. T. (2002). The study of careers, in Hall, D. T. (Ed.). Careers in and out of organizations. London: SAGE.
25. Hall, D. T., & Mirvis, P. H. (1995). Careers as lifelong learning. In Howard, A. E. (Ed.). The Changing Nature of Work (pp. 323-361). Jossey-Bass.
26. Hall, D. T., & Moss, J. E. (1998). The new protean career contract: Helping organizations and employees adapt. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3), 22-37.
27. Kalleberg, A. L., Reskin, B. F., & Hudson, K. (2000). Bad jobs in America: Standard and nonstandard employment relations and job quality in the United States. American Sociological Review, 65(2), 256-278.
28. Knowles, J. (2017). Career reentry and the kaleidoscope career model: Experiences of high achieving professional women reentering the workforce after opting out (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), Colorado State University.
29. Lips‐Wiersma, M., & Hall, D. T. (2007). Organizational career development is not dead: A case study on managing the new career during organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(6), 771-792.
30. Madan, A. O., & Jain, A. K. (2018). Career challenge and kaleidoscope careers in India, In S. E. Sullivan & G. Baugh (Eds.). Seeking challenge in the career (pp. 77-101). USA: Information Age Publishing.
31. Mainiero, L. A., & Gibson, D. E. (2018). The kaleidoscope career model revisited: How midcareer men and women diverge on authenticity, balance, and challenge. Journal of Career Development, 45(4), 361-377.
32. Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2005). Kaleidoscope careers: An alternate explanation for the “opt-out” revolution. Academy of Management Perspectives, 19(1), 106-123.
33. Mainiero, L. A., & Sullivan, S. E. (2006). The opt out revolt: Why people are leaving companies to create kaleidoscope careers. California: Davies-Black Publishing.
34. Mallon, M. (1999). Going “portfolio”: Making sense of changing careers. Career Development International. 4(7), 358-70.
35. Mirvis, P. H., & Hall, D. T. (1994). Psychological success and the boundaryless career. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4), 365-380.
36. Moen, P. (Ed.). (2018). It's about time: Couples and careers. NY: Cornell University Press.
37. Niles, S. G., Anderson JR, W. P., & Goodnough, G. (1998). Exploration to foster career development. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(3), 262-275.
38. Özdemir, Y. (2013). Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki işletmelerin İK yöneticilerinin kariyer anlayışındaki değişime yönelik değerlendirmeleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 257-274.
39. Özdemir, Y. (2019). Kariyer geliştirme (Ders notları). Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
40. Pang, M., Chua, B. L., & Chu, C. W. (2008). Learning to stay ahead in an uncertain environment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(7), 1383-1394.
41. Peiperl, M., & Baruch, Y. (1997). Back to square zero: The post-corporate career. Organizational Dynamics, 25(4), 7-22.
42. Peiperl, M., Arthur, M. B., Goffee, R., & Anand, N. (Eds.). (2002). Career creativity: Explorations in the remaking of work. UK: Oxford University Press on Demand.
43. Ruderman, M. N., Ohlott, P. J., Panzer, K., & King, S. N. (2002). Benefits of multiple roles for managerial women. Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 369-386.
44. Savickas, M. L. (2012). Life design: A paradigm for career intervention in the 21st century. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(1), 13-19.
45. Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J. P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., & Van Vianen, A. E. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239-250.
46. Seymen, O. A. (2004). Geleneksel kariyerden, sınırsız ve dinamik/değişken kariyere geçiş: Nedenleri ve sonuçları üzerine yazınsal bir inceleme. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 79-84.
47. Simmons, J. (2012). The kaleidoscope career model: An investigation of authenticity, balance, and challenge and their relationship with networking behavior (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), St. Ambrose University.
48. Sullivan, S. E. (1999). The changing nature of careers: A review and research agenda. Journal of Management, 25(3), 457-484.
49. Sullivan, S. E., & Mainiero, L. A. (2007a). The changing nature of gender roles, alpha/beta careers and work-life issues: Theory-driven implications for human resource management. Career Development International, 12(3), 238-263.
50. Sullivan, S. E., & Mainiero, L. (2007b). Women's kaleidoscope careers: A new framework for examining women's stress across the lifespan. In P. Perrewe (Ed.). Exploring the work and non-work interface (pp. 205-238). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
51. Sullivan, S. E., & Mainiero, L. A. (2007c). Kaleidoscope careers: Benchmarking ideas for fostering family-friendly workplaces. Organizational Dynamics, 36(1), 45-62.
52. Sullivan, S. E., & Mainiero, L. (2008). Using the kaleidoscope career model to understand the changing patterns of women's careers: Designing HRD programs that attract and retain women. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10(1), 32-49.
53. Sullivan, S. E., Forret, M. L., Carraher, S. M., & Mainiero, L. A. (2009). Using the kaleidoscope career model to examine generational differences in work attitudes. Career Development International, 14(3), 284-302.
54. Sullivan, S. E., Forret, M. L., Mainiero, L. A., & Terjesen, S. (2007). What motivates entrepreneurs? An exploratory study of the kaleidoscope career model and entrepreneurship. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 12(4), 4-19.
55. Super, D. E., & Nevill, D. D. (1984). Work role salience as a determinant of career maturity in high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 25(1), 30-44.
56. Suutari, V., & Taka, M. (2004). Career anchors of managers with global careers. Journal of Management Development, 23(9), 833-847.
57. Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK), (2019). Kaleydoskop, Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2019, https://sozluk.gov.tr.
58. Tüz, M. V. (2003). Kariyer planlamasında yeni yaklaşımlar. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(4), 169-176.
59. Valcour, M., Bailyn, L., & Quijada, M. A. (2007). Customized careers. In H. Gunz & M. Peiperl (Eds.). Handbook of career studies (pp. 188-210). USA: SAGE.
60. Valcour, P. M. (2006). Customized careers, In J. H. Greenhaus & G. A. Callanan (Eds.). Encyclopedia of career development (pp. 220-224). USA: SAGE.
61. Wrzesniewski, A., & Tosti, J. (2006). Career as a calling. In J. H. Greenhaus & G. A. Callanan (Eds.). Encyclopedia of career development (pp. 71-75). USA: SAGE.