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Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 179 - 192, 30.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1528832

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Wilden, Gudergan, Nielsen, & Lings (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Dinamik Yetenekler Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması kapsamında, güvenirlik ve geçerlilik değerleri ile ilgili bulguları içermektedir. Çalışma, iki farklı örneklemden (n1=174, n2=227) alınan verilerle yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin Algılama, Ele Geçirme ve Yeniden Yapılandırma alt boyutlarından oluşan orijinal üç faktörlü yapılanmasının Türkçe uyarlamasında yapılan analizler sonucunda, iki faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu iki boyut “Algılama Ele Geçirme” ve “Yeniden Yapılandırma” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Orijinal ölçekte bulunan 8. Madde binişik madde olduğu için ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda Dinamik Yetenekler ölçeğinin tümü için Cronbach’s Alpha katsayısı ,90; “Algılama Ele Geçirme” alt boyutu için ,87 ve “Yeniden Yapılandırma” alt boyutu için ,83 olarak hesaplanmıştır. AVE değeri ,66 ve CR değeri ,84 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uyarlaması yapılan ölçeğin, Türkiye’deki iş yaşamı için dinamik yeteneklerin ölçülmesinde geçerli ve güvenilir olarak kullanılabilecek bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu ifade etmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma etik kurallara uygun bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir.

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References

  • Aburumman, O. J., Omar, K., Shbail, M. A. & Aldoghan, M. (2023). How to deal with the results of PLS-SEM? B.
  • Alareeni and A. Hamdan (Eds.): ICBT 2022, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (LNNS), 495, 1196 1206.
  • Albats E, Podmetina D, & Vanhaverbeke W (2023). Open innovation in SMEs: A process view towards business model innovation. J Small Bus Manag, 61(6), 2519–2560. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1913595
  • Ambrosini, V., & Bowman, C. (2009). What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management?. International Journal of Management Reviews, 11(1), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2008.00251.x
  • Barney JB. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competi-tive advantage. Journal of Management 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., & Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons Pub.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Veri analizi el kitabı (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Chatterjee, S., Chaudhuri, R., Vrontis, D., & Giovando, G. (2023). Digital workplace and organization performance: Moderating role of digital leadership capability. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(1), 100334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100334
  • Danneels, E. (2011). Trying to become a different type of company: Dynamic capability at Smith Corona. Strategic Management Journal, 32(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.863
  • Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: what are they?. Strategic Management Journal, 21(10‐11), 1105-1121. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/1097-0266
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference, 17.0 update (10/a). India: Pearson Education.
  • Gumusluoglu, L., & Acur, N. (2016). Fit among business strategy, strategy formality, and dynamic capability development in new product development. European Management Review, 13(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12070
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt , M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications, Second Edition.
  • Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
  • Henseler, J., Hubona, G. & Ray, P. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
  • Heubeck, T. (2023). Managerial capabilities as facilitators of digital transformation? Dynamic managerial capabilities as antecedents to digital business model transformation and firm performance. Digital Business, 3(1), 100053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2023.100053
  • Jantunen, A., Ellonen, H. K., & Johansson, A. (2012). Beyond appearances–do dynamic capabilities of innovative firms actually differ?. European Management Journal, 30(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2011.10.005
  • Jiang, W., Mavondo, F., & Zhao, W. (2020). The impact of business networks on dynamic capabilities and product innovation: The moderating role of strategic orientation. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37, 1239-1266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9628-2
  • Jeong, J. (2004). Analysis of the factors and the roles of hrd in organizational learning styles as ıdentified by key ınformants at selefte corporations in the republic of Korea. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Texas A&M University. Major Subject: Educational Human Resource Development, ABD.
  • Karasar, N. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Investing and developing positive organizational behavior. Positive Organizational Behavior, 1(2), 9-24.
  • Mikalef, P., Krogstie, J., Pappas, I. O., & Pavlou, P. (2020). Exploring the relationship between big data analytics capability and competitive performance: The mediating roles of dynamic and operational capabilities. Information & Management, 57(2), 103169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.05.004
  • Nasiri, M., Ukko, J., Saunila, M., & Rantala, T. (2020). Managing the digital supply chain: the role of smart technologies. Technovation 96, 102121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137433
  • Nguyen, H. T., Pham, H. S. T., & Freeman, S. (2023). Dynamic capabilities in tourism businesses: antecedents and outcomes. Review of Managerial Science, 17(5), 1645-1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-022-00567-z
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometic theory. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1. Baskı, New York.
  • Nylén, D., & Holmström, J. (2015). Digital innovation strategy: A framework for diagnosing and improving digital product and service innovation. Business Horizons, 58(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.09.001
  • Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2011). Understanding the elusive black box of dynamic capabilities. Decision Sciences, 42(1), 239-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1540-5915.2010.00287.x
  • Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179-191.
  • Sakallı, A. E., & Arıkan, S. (2024). The relationship of Value dimensions in Turk Society with fatalistic tendencies, safety motivation, risk perception and safety performance. Heliyon, 10(9).
  • Soluk, J., Miroshnychenko, I., Kammerlander, N., & De Massis, A. (2021). Family influence and digital business model innovation: The enabling role of dynamic capabilities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(4), 867-905. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258721998946
  • Sousa-Zomer, T. T., Neely, A., & Martinez, V. (2020). Digital transforming capability and performance: A microfoundational perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 40(7/8), 1095-1128. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2019-0444
  • Şimşek, Ö. (2007). Marmara öğrenme stilleri ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi ve 9-11 yaş çocuklarının öğrenme stillerinin incelenmesi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Marmara Universitesi, Turkey.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (5. Basım). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
  • Teece, D. J. (2018). Dynamic capabilities as (workable) management systems theory. Journal of Management and Organization, 24(3), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1017/JMO.2017.75
  • Teece, D. J., & Leih, S. (2016). Uncertainty, innovation and dynamic capabilities: An introduction. California Management Review, 58(4), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.4.5
  • Teece, D. J., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 537– 556. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/3.3.537-a
  • Teece, D. J., Peteraf, M., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.4.13
  • Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097
  • Tekindal, S. (2009). Duyuşsal özelliklerin ölçülmesi için araç oluşturma. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Uzunsakal, E., & Yıldız, D. (2018). Alan araştırmalarında güvenilirlik testlerinin karşılaştırılması ve tarımsal veriler üzerine bir uygulama. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 14-28.
  • Wang, M., & Li, R. (2013, August). The study on the dimensions of dynamic capability of enterprises. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced ICT and Education (ICAICTE-13) (pp. 250-254). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icaicte.2013.53
  • Wilden R, Gudergan SP, Nielsen BB, & Lings I (2013). Dynamic capabilities and performance: Strategy, structure and environment. Long Range Plann, 46(1- 2),72–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.12.001
  • Wu, S., & Gao, H. (2022). How Internal IT capability affects open ınnovation performance: from dynamic capability perspective. Sage Open, 12(1), 21582440211069389. https://www.emerald.com/insight/1462-6004.htm
  • Zahra, S. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: A review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management studies, 43(4), 917-955. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1467-6486.2006.00616.x
  • Zhou, W. C., Yan, D., & Sun, S. L. (2022). Climbing the ladder: Inward sourcing as an upgrading capability in global value chains. Research Policy, 51(3), 104439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104439

Dynamic Capabilities: A Scale Adaptation Study

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 179 - 192, 30.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1528832

Abstract

This study includes findings related to reliability and validity values within the scope of adaptation of Dynamic Capabilities Scale developed by Wilden, Gudergan, Nielsen, & Lings (2013) to Turkish. The study was conducted with data obtained from two different samples (n1=174, n2=227). As a result of the analyses performed on the Turkish adaptation of the original three-factor structure consisting of Perception, Capture, and Restructuring sub-dimensions of the scale, it was determined that it showed a two-factor structure. These two dimensions were named as “Perception Capture” and “Restructuring”. Item 8 in the original scale was removed from the scale because it was an overlapping item. As a result of the reliability analyses of the scale, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was calculated as .90 for the entire Dynamic Capabilities scale; .87 for the “Perception Capture” sub-dimension and .83 for the “Restructuring” sub-dimension. The AVE value was determined as .66 and the CR value as .84. The results obtained indicate that the adapted scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in measuring dynamic capabilities for business life in Turkey.

References

  • Aburumman, O. J., Omar, K., Shbail, M. A. & Aldoghan, M. (2023). How to deal with the results of PLS-SEM? B.
  • Alareeni and A. Hamdan (Eds.): ICBT 2022, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (LNNS), 495, 1196 1206.
  • Albats E, Podmetina D, & Vanhaverbeke W (2023). Open innovation in SMEs: A process view towards business model innovation. J Small Bus Manag, 61(6), 2519–2560. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1913595
  • Ambrosini, V., & Bowman, C. (2009). What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management?. International Journal of Management Reviews, 11(1), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2008.00251.x
  • Barney JB. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competi-tive advantage. Journal of Management 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., & Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons Pub.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Veri analizi el kitabı (11. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Chatterjee, S., Chaudhuri, R., Vrontis, D., & Giovando, G. (2023). Digital workplace and organization performance: Moderating role of digital leadership capability. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(1), 100334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100334
  • Danneels, E. (2011). Trying to become a different type of company: Dynamic capability at Smith Corona. Strategic Management Journal, 32(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.863
  • Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: what are they?. Strategic Management Journal, 21(10‐11), 1105-1121. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/1097-0266
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference, 17.0 update (10/a). India: Pearson Education.
  • Gumusluoglu, L., & Acur, N. (2016). Fit among business strategy, strategy formality, and dynamic capability development in new product development. European Management Review, 13(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12070
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt , M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications, Second Edition.
  • Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
  • Henseler, J., Hubona, G. & Ray, P. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: Updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382
  • Heubeck, T. (2023). Managerial capabilities as facilitators of digital transformation? Dynamic managerial capabilities as antecedents to digital business model transformation and firm performance. Digital Business, 3(1), 100053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2023.100053
  • Jantunen, A., Ellonen, H. K., & Johansson, A. (2012). Beyond appearances–do dynamic capabilities of innovative firms actually differ?. European Management Journal, 30(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2011.10.005
  • Jiang, W., Mavondo, F., & Zhao, W. (2020). The impact of business networks on dynamic capabilities and product innovation: The moderating role of strategic orientation. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37, 1239-1266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9628-2
  • Jeong, J. (2004). Analysis of the factors and the roles of hrd in organizational learning styles as ıdentified by key ınformants at selefte corporations in the republic of Korea. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Texas A&M University. Major Subject: Educational Human Resource Development, ABD.
  • Karasar, N. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Investing and developing positive organizational behavior. Positive Organizational Behavior, 1(2), 9-24.
  • Mikalef, P., Krogstie, J., Pappas, I. O., & Pavlou, P. (2020). Exploring the relationship between big data analytics capability and competitive performance: The mediating roles of dynamic and operational capabilities. Information & Management, 57(2), 103169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.05.004
  • Nasiri, M., Ukko, J., Saunila, M., & Rantala, T. (2020). Managing the digital supply chain: the role of smart technologies. Technovation 96, 102121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137433
  • Nguyen, H. T., Pham, H. S. T., & Freeman, S. (2023). Dynamic capabilities in tourism businesses: antecedents and outcomes. Review of Managerial Science, 17(5), 1645-1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-022-00567-z
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1967). Psychometic theory. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1. Baskı, New York.
  • Nylén, D., & Holmström, J. (2015). Digital innovation strategy: A framework for diagnosing and improving digital product and service innovation. Business Horizons, 58(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.09.001
  • Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2011). Understanding the elusive black box of dynamic capabilities. Decision Sciences, 42(1), 239-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1540-5915.2010.00287.x
  • Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179-191.
  • Sakallı, A. E., & Arıkan, S. (2024). The relationship of Value dimensions in Turk Society with fatalistic tendencies, safety motivation, risk perception and safety performance. Heliyon, 10(9).
  • Soluk, J., Miroshnychenko, I., Kammerlander, N., & De Massis, A. (2021). Family influence and digital business model innovation: The enabling role of dynamic capabilities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(4), 867-905. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258721998946
  • Sousa-Zomer, T. T., Neely, A., & Martinez, V. (2020). Digital transforming capability and performance: A microfoundational perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 40(7/8), 1095-1128. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-06-2019-0444
  • Şimşek, Ö. (2007). Marmara öğrenme stilleri ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi ve 9-11 yaş çocuklarının öğrenme stillerinin incelenmesi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Marmara Universitesi, Turkey.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (5. Basım). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
  • Teece, D. J. (2018). Dynamic capabilities as (workable) management systems theory. Journal of Management and Organization, 24(3), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1017/JMO.2017.75
  • Teece, D. J., & Leih, S. (2016). Uncertainty, innovation and dynamic capabilities: An introduction. California Management Review, 58(4), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.4.5
  • Teece, D. J., & Pisano, G. (1994). The dynamic capabilities of firms: An introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 537– 556. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/3.3.537-a
  • Teece, D. J., Peteraf, M., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.4.13
  • Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097
  • Tekindal, S. (2009). Duyuşsal özelliklerin ölçülmesi için araç oluşturma. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Uzunsakal, E., & Yıldız, D. (2018). Alan araştırmalarında güvenilirlik testlerinin karşılaştırılması ve tarımsal veriler üzerine bir uygulama. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 14-28.
  • Wang, M., & Li, R. (2013, August). The study on the dimensions of dynamic capability of enterprises. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced ICT and Education (ICAICTE-13) (pp. 250-254). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icaicte.2013.53
  • Wilden R, Gudergan SP, Nielsen BB, & Lings I (2013). Dynamic capabilities and performance: Strategy, structure and environment. Long Range Plann, 46(1- 2),72–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.12.001
  • Wu, S., & Gao, H. (2022). How Internal IT capability affects open ınnovation performance: from dynamic capability perspective. Sage Open, 12(1), 21582440211069389. https://www.emerald.com/insight/1462-6004.htm
  • Zahra, S. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: A review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management studies, 43(4), 917-955. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1467-6486.2006.00616.x
  • Zhou, W. C., Yan, D., & Sun, S. L. (2022). Climbing the ladder: Inward sourcing as an upgrading capability in global value chains. Research Policy, 51(3), 104439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104439
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Organisational Behaviour, Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Vildan Bayram 0000-0001-7526-6485

Publication Date October 30, 2024
Submission Date August 6, 2024
Acceptance Date October 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bayram, V. (2024). Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi, 11(2), 179-192. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1528832
AMA Bayram V. Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. İİD. October 2024;11(2):179-192. doi:10.18394/iid.1528832
Chicago Bayram, Vildan. “Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması”. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi 11, no. 2 (October 2024): 179-92. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1528832.
EndNote Bayram V (October 1, 2024) Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. İş ve İnsan Dergisi 11 2 179–192.
IEEE V. Bayram, “Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması”, İİD, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 179–192, 2024, doi: 10.18394/iid.1528832.
ISNAD Bayram, Vildan. “Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması”. İş ve İnsan Dergisi 11/2 (October 2024), 179-192. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1528832.
JAMA Bayram V. Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. İİD. 2024;11:179–192.
MLA Bayram, Vildan. “Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması”. İş Ve İnsan Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2024, pp. 179-92, doi:10.18394/iid.1528832.
Vancouver Bayram V. Dinamik Yetenekler: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. İİD. 2024;11(2):179-92.

 

 

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