[1] B. C. Ross, “NOISE EXPOSURE OF MOTORCYCLISTS,” Annu. Occup. Hyg., vol. 33, no. l, pp. 123–127, 1989.
[2] Maue J.H., “Noise exposure of motorcyclists,” Audiol. Pract., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 6–7, 1991.
[3] A. W. McCombe, “Hearing loss in motorcyclists: occupational and medicolegal aspects.,” J. R. Soc. Med., vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 7–9, 2003.
[4] J. L. Fletcher and C. W. Gross, “Effects on hearing of sports-related noise or trauma,” Sound and Vibration, vol. 11, no. 1. pp. 26–27, 1977.
[5] W. K. Van Moorhem, K. P. Shepherd, T. D. Magleby, and G. E. Torian, “The effects of motorcycle helmets on hearing and the detection of warning signals,” J. Sound Vib., vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 39–49, 1981.
[6] A. M. Jongepier and A. van der Weerd, “A. M. Jongepier and A. van der Weerd, " Practical research into application possibilities of otoplastics with motorcycle patrols of the state police, " Technical Report No. AG 90/1863, RBB, Hague, Netherlands (1990), translated from Dutch.,” 1990.
[7] A. W. McCOMBE, J. BINNINGTON, and T. S. McCOMBE, “Hearing protection for motorcyclists,” Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 465–469, 1993.
[8] J. Kennedy, N. Holt, M. Carley, and I. Walker, “The influence of the acoustic properties of motorcycle helmets on temporary hearing loss in motorcyclists,” Acta Acust. united with Acust., vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 1129–1138, 2014.
[9] M. C. Lower, D. W. Hurst, and A. Thomas, “Noise levels and noise reduction under motorcycle helmets,” Proc. Internoise 96, no. 1, pp. 979–982, 1996.
[10] A. Lower, M.C., Hurst, D.W., Thomas, “Noise Levels and Noise Reduction under Motorcycle Helmets,” in Proceedings of Internoise 96, 1989, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 1989.
[11] R. Młyński, E. Kozłowski, and J. Żera, “Attenuation of noise by motorcycle safety helmets,” Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 287–293, 2009.
[12] J. Kennedy, N. Holt, M. Carley, I. Walker, M. Engineering, and C. Down, “Spectral filtering characteristics of a motorcycle helmet,” in Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 2011, vol. 12.
[13] J. A. D. Carrilho and M. C. Gameiro da Silva, “Aerodynamic noise in motorcycle helmets,” in II LAETA Young Researchers Meeting FEUP, 2012.
[14] A. W. Mccombe, J. Binnington, and D. Nash, “Two solutions to the problem of noise exposure for motorcyclists,” Occup. Med. (Chic. Ill)., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 239–242, 1994.
[15] C. H. Brown and M. S. Gordon, “Motorcycle Helmet Noise and Active Noise Reduction,” Open Acoust. J., vol. 4, no. February, pp. 14–24, 2011.
[16] L. Liu, S. M. Kuo, and K. P. Raghuathan, “Active Noise Control for Motorcycle Helmet,” Int. J. Inf. Commun. Eng., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 102–107, 2010.
[17] C. H. Bies, D.A. and Hansen, Engineering noise control: theory and practice, 2nd ed. London: E. & F.N. Spon., 1996.
Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet
Motorcycle helmets are generally thought to be
only protection of motorcycle drivers against head injuries as well as loud
noise in traffic. While there have been several papers on noise elimination
capabilities of motorcycle helmets, no controlled study has been reported to
compare different types of test conditions in literature. The purpose of this
study is to assess noise reduction capacities of a motorcycle helmet under
different types of acoustical loadings as well as environments and to identify
better test condition. Firstly, a Head & Torso simulator with and without
the motorcycle helmet in a built acoustical cabinet was exposed to digitally
generated sound to investigate insertion loss values. Besides, the Head &
Torso simulator was fixed onto a motorcycle to simulate actual driving
conditions. Sound pressure levels were captured at the ear level to obtain
insertion loss values in case of motorcycle noise for different engine speeds.
By comparing calculated insertion losses, it was revealed that considerable
differences existed between tests for different conditions. Beneficial
interpretations were deduced and thus, a practical solution was presented for
accurate measurements acoustic performance of the motorcycle helmets in laboratory
conditions.
[1] B. C. Ross, “NOISE EXPOSURE OF MOTORCYCLISTS,” Annu. Occup. Hyg., vol. 33, no. l, pp. 123–127, 1989.
[2] Maue J.H., “Noise exposure of motorcyclists,” Audiol. Pract., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 6–7, 1991.
[3] A. W. McCombe, “Hearing loss in motorcyclists: occupational and medicolegal aspects.,” J. R. Soc. Med., vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 7–9, 2003.
[4] J. L. Fletcher and C. W. Gross, “Effects on hearing of sports-related noise or trauma,” Sound and Vibration, vol. 11, no. 1. pp. 26–27, 1977.
[5] W. K. Van Moorhem, K. P. Shepherd, T. D. Magleby, and G. E. Torian, “The effects of motorcycle helmets on hearing and the detection of warning signals,” J. Sound Vib., vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 39–49, 1981.
[6] A. M. Jongepier and A. van der Weerd, “A. M. Jongepier and A. van der Weerd, " Practical research into application possibilities of otoplastics with motorcycle patrols of the state police, " Technical Report No. AG 90/1863, RBB, Hague, Netherlands (1990), translated from Dutch.,” 1990.
[7] A. W. McCOMBE, J. BINNINGTON, and T. S. McCOMBE, “Hearing protection for motorcyclists,” Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 465–469, 1993.
[8] J. Kennedy, N. Holt, M. Carley, and I. Walker, “The influence of the acoustic properties of motorcycle helmets on temporary hearing loss in motorcyclists,” Acta Acust. united with Acust., vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 1129–1138, 2014.
[9] M. C. Lower, D. W. Hurst, and A. Thomas, “Noise levels and noise reduction under motorcycle helmets,” Proc. Internoise 96, no. 1, pp. 979–982, 1996.
[10] A. Lower, M.C., Hurst, D.W., Thomas, “Noise Levels and Noise Reduction under Motorcycle Helmets,” in Proceedings of Internoise 96, 1989, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 1989.
[11] R. Młyński, E. Kozłowski, and J. Żera, “Attenuation of noise by motorcycle safety helmets,” Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 287–293, 2009.
[12] J. Kennedy, N. Holt, M. Carley, I. Walker, M. Engineering, and C. Down, “Spectral filtering characteristics of a motorcycle helmet,” in Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 2011, vol. 12.
[13] J. A. D. Carrilho and M. C. Gameiro da Silva, “Aerodynamic noise in motorcycle helmets,” in II LAETA Young Researchers Meeting FEUP, 2012.
[14] A. W. Mccombe, J. Binnington, and D. Nash, “Two solutions to the problem of noise exposure for motorcyclists,” Occup. Med. (Chic. Ill)., vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 239–242, 1994.
[15] C. H. Brown and M. S. Gordon, “Motorcycle Helmet Noise and Active Noise Reduction,” Open Acoust. J., vol. 4, no. February, pp. 14–24, 2011.
[16] L. Liu, S. M. Kuo, and K. P. Raghuathan, “Active Noise Control for Motorcycle Helmet,” Int. J. Inf. Commun. Eng., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 102–107, 2010.
[17] C. H. Bies, D.A. and Hansen, Engineering noise control: theory and practice, 2nd ed. London: E. & F.N. Spon., 1996.
Özer, M. S., Terzioğlu, F., & Öztürk, S. (2019). Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 8(3), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.566705
AMA
Özer MS, Terzioğlu F, Öztürk S. Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. October 2019;8(3):125-133. doi:10.18245/ijaet.566705
Chicago
Özer, Mehmet Sait, Furkan Terzioğlu, and Sinem Öztürk. “Experimental Evaluation on Noise Reduction Performance of a Motorcycle Helmet”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 8, no. 3 (October 2019): 125-33. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.566705.
EndNote
Özer MS, Terzioğlu F, Öztürk S (October 1, 2019) Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 8 3 125–133.
IEEE
M. S. Özer, F. Terzioğlu, and S. Öztürk, “Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet”, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 125–133, 2019, doi: 10.18245/ijaet.566705.
ISNAD
Özer, Mehmet Sait et al. “Experimental Evaluation on Noise Reduction Performance of a Motorcycle Helmet”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 8/3 (October 2019), 125-133. https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.566705.
JAMA
Özer MS, Terzioğlu F, Öztürk S. Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2019;8:125–133.
MLA
Özer, Mehmet Sait et al. “Experimental Evaluation on Noise Reduction Performance of a Motorcycle Helmet”. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, vol. 8, no. 3, 2019, pp. 125-33, doi:10.18245/ijaet.566705.
Vancouver
Özer MS, Terzioğlu F, Öztürk S. Experimental evaluation on noise reduction performance of a motorcycle helmet. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2019;8(3):125-33.