Influences of biodiesel fuels produced from highly degraded waste animal fats on the injection and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 11 - 21, 20.05.2019

Hüseyin Şanlı

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.478838

Cited By: 5

Abstract

In the current study,
biodiesel fuels produced from waste chicken fat and waste fleshing oil with
high free fatty acid were tested in a four stoke,
four-cylinder, water-cooled,
turbocharged-intercooled, common rail
direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine.
Their effects on the injection and exhaust emission characteristics of the test
engine were determined and compared with those of petroleum-based diesel fuel
(DF) as the reference fuel. Engine tests were performed at different engine
loads and constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. Injection characteristics showed
differences with respect to engine load and fuel type. However, the effects of
biodiesel fuels on the injection profiles were more dominant for main injection
characteristics such as the start of main
injection, end of the main injection,
injection amount and injection rate and these effects became more pronounced
with increasing engine load. Compared to DF, animal fat based biodiesels had
better total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, but their
carbon dioxide (CO₂) and especially nitrogen oxides (NO_x)
emissions were higher. In addition, waste fleshing oil-based biodiesel fuel
emitted lower emissions than waste chicken fat-based biodiesel.

Keywords

Waste Animal Fat, Biodiesel, CRDI Diesel Engine, Injection, Exhaust Emission

References

• [1] Ramalingam, S., Rajendran, S., Ganesan, P., Gouindasamy, M., Effect of operating parameters and antioxidant additives with biodiesels to improve the performance and reducing the emissions in a compression ignition engine – a review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 775-788, 2018.
• [2] Hazrat, M.A., Rasul, M.G., Khan, M.M.K., Lubricity improvement of the ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel with the biodiesel, Energy Procedia, 75, 111-117, 20115.
• [3] Wang, Y., Liu, H., Lee, C.F., Particulate matter emission characteristics of diesel engines with biodiesel or biodiesel blending: a review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64, 569-581, 2016.
• [4] Ors, I., Kahraman, A., Ciniviz, M., Performance, emission and combustion analysis of a compression ignition engine using biofuel blends, Thermal Science, 21, 511-522, 2017.
• [5] Canakci, M., Sanli, H., Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35, 431-441, 2008.
• [6] Sirvio, K., Heikkila, S., Help, R, Niemi, S., Hiltunen, E., Properties of local produced animal-fat based biodiesel and its blend with fossil fuel, Agronomy Research, 16, 1237-1246, 2018.
• [7] Chakraborty, R., Gupta, A.K., Chowdhury, R., Conversion of slaughterhouse and poultry farm animal fats and wastes to biodiesel: parametric sensitivity and fuel quality assessment, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 120-134, 2014.
• [8] Sanli, H., Alptekin, E., Canakci, M., Production of fuel quality ethyl ester biodiesel: 1-Laboratory-scale optimization of waste frying oil ethanolysis, 2-Pilot-scale production with the optimal reaction conditions, Waste and Biomass Valorization, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0195-z, 2018.
• [9] Alptekin, E., Emission, injection and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and oxygenated fuel blends in a common rail diesel engine, Energy, 119, 44-52, 2017.
• [10] Indudhar, M.R., Banapurmath, N.R., Rajulu, K.G., Khandal, S.V., Effect of injection timing and injection pressure on the performance of biodiesel ester of hengeoil fuelled common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 7, 37-48, 2015.
• [11] Tziourtzioumis, D., Stamatelos, A., Effects of a 70% biodiesel blend on the fuel injection system operation during steady-state and transient performance of a common rail diesel engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 60, 56-67, 2012.
• [12] Sanli, H., An experimental investigation on the usage of waste frying oil-diesel fuel blends with low viscosity in a common rail DI-diesel engine, Fuel, 222, 434-443, 2018.
• [13] Gnanasekaran, S., Saravanan, N., Ilangkumaran, M., Influence of injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine running on fish oil biodiesel, Energy, 116, 1218-1229, 2016.
• [14] Hour, H.G., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Teoh, Y.H., Influence of injection timing and split injection strategies on performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blended fuels, Fuel, 213, 106-114, 2018.
• [15] Shamer, P.M., Ramesh, K., Assessment on the consequences of injection timing and injection pressure on combustion characteristics of sustainable fuelled engine, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 45-61, 2018.
• [16] Shirneshan, A., HC, CO, CO2 and NOx emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with waste frying oil methyl ester, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 292-297, 2013.
• [17] Aalam, C.S., Saravanan, C.G., Effects of fuel injection pressure on CRDI diesel engine performance and emissions using CCD, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2, 1411-1416, 2015.
• [18] Sayin, C., Gumus, M., Canakci, M., Effect of fuel injection timing on the emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with canola oil methyl esters-diesel fuel blends, Energy and Fuels, 24, 2675-2682, 2010.
• [19] Altun, S., Oner, C., Gaseous emission comparison of a compression-ignition engine fueled with different biodiesels, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10, 371-376, 2013.
• [20] Reijnders, J., Boot, M., De Goey, P., Impact of aromaticity and cetane number on the soot-NOx trade-off in conventional and low temperature combustion, Fuel, 186, 24-34, 2016.
• [21] Tuccar, G., Tosun, E., Uludamar, E., Investigations of effects of density and viscosity of diesel and biodiesel fuels on NOx and other emission formations, Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, 6, 81-85, 2018.
• [22] Kahraman, A., Ciniviz, M., Ors, I., Oguz, H., The effect on performance and exhaust emissions of adding cotton oil methyl ester to diesel fuel, International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 5, 148-154, 2016.