Determination of effects of compression ratio variation on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with EDTA-doped sunflower biodiesel-petrodiesel

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 140 - 149, 31.10.2019

Ali Can Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.593073

Cited By: 2

Abstract

This experimental
study focuses on unraveling the effects of compression ratio (CR) variation on
performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio (VCR)
diesel engine under various loads. The engine was fueled with 100% sunflower biodiesel
(B100) and B100 with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₈) additive
(B100+EDTA), separately, to determine fuel effect. Subsequent to determination
of fuel properties, effects of these two fuels were compared under 3 different
CRs. High hydrogen and oxygen contents, negligible chemical inactivity and high
cetane number (CN) made EDTA an attractive additive for B100 in the context of
engine characteristics. It was observed that, B100+EDTA depicted higher average
 values of 24.3%, 25.7% and 26.5%
whereas they were 17.3%, 18.7% and 19.4% for B100 under CRs of 16, 17 and 18,
respectively. In terms of BSFC, average B100 values were 17.3, 16.1, 14.8
(kJ/kWh) whereas 10.1, 9.2, 7.9 (kJ/kWh) for B100+EDTA under CRs of 16, 17 and
18, respectively. T_e
values were 265ºC, 252ºC and 234ºC for B100+EDTA and 296ºC, 281ºC and 267ºC for
B100 at CRs of 16, 17 and 18, respectively. CO values were 110, 103 and 96
(ppm) for B100; 82, 74 and 65 (ppm) for B100+EDTA under under in-question CRs.
UHC values of 124, 115 and 98 (ppm) for B100+EDTA; 141, 134 and 119 (ppm) for
B100 were obtained under CRs of 16, 17 and 18, respectively. CO₂
emission values were 4.2%, 5.7% and 6.3% (by vol.) for B100+EDTA; 3.4%, 3.9%
and 5.1% for B100 under CRs of 16, 17 and 18, respectively. NO_x
values were 170, 192 and 210 (ppm) for B100+EDTA; 104, 126 and 137 (ppm) for
B100 under CRs of 16, 17 and 18 respectively. Smoke
opacity values were 16%, 12% and 10% for B100+EDTA; 21%, 18% and 16% for B100
under CRs of 16, 17 and 18, respectively.

Keywords

biodiesel, EDTA, variable compression ratio, diesel engine

Thanks

The author would like to thank Cukurova University, Department of Automotive Engineering, Fuel Analysis Laboratories and Marmara University Laboratories.

References

• Ali, Y., & Hanna, M.A. “Alternative diesel fuels from vegetable oils”, Bioresource Technology, 50(2), 153–63, 1994.
• Balat, M., & Balat, H. “Progress in biodiesel processing”, Appl Energy, 87(6), 1815–1835, 2010.
• Beck, A., Pölczmann, G., Eller, Z., & Hancsók, J. “Investigation of the effect of detergent–dispersant additives on the oxidation stability of biodiesel, diesel fuel and their blends”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 66, 328-336, 2014.
• Bora, B.J., Saha, U.K., Chatterjee, S., & Veer, V. “Effect of compression ratio on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel diesel engine run on raw biogas”, Energy Convers. Manag., 87, 2014.
• Bora, B.J., & Saha, U.K. “Experimental evaluation of a rice bran biodiesel biogas run dual fuel diesel engine at varying compression ratios”, Renewable Energy, 87(1), 782-790, 2015.
• Bora, B.J., & Saha, U.K. “Comparative assessment of a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine with rice bran oil methyl ester, pongamia oil methyl ester and palm oil methyl ester as pilot fuels”, Renew. Energy, 81, 490-498, 2015.
• Caynak, S., Guru, M., Bicer, A., Keskin, A., & Icingur, Y. “Biodiesel production from pomace oil and improvement of its properties with synthetic manganese additive”, Fuel, 88(3), 534–538, 2009.
• Chen, H., Wang, J., Shuai, S., & Chen, W. “Study of oxygenated biomass fuel blends on a diesel engine”, Fuel, 87(15-16), 3462–3468, 2008.
• Danilov, A.M. “Development and use of fuel additives during 2006-2010”, Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 47(6), 470-484, 2012.
• Demirbas, A. “Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals”, Energy Conversion Management, 42(11), 1357–1378, 2001.
• Demirbas, A. “Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel”, Energy Policy, 35(9). 4661–4670, 2007.
• Franco, Z., & Nguyen, Q.D. “Flow properties of vegetable oil–diesel fuel blends”, Fuel, 90(2), 838–843, 2011.
• Gerhartz, W., Yamamoto, Y.S., Kaudy, L., Rounsaville, J.F., & Schulz G. “Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed., Weinheim, Germany, 2000.Goodrum, J.W., & Law, S.E. “Rheological properties of peanut oil–diesel fuel blends”, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 25(4),897–900, 1982.
• Hirkude, J., & Padalkar, A.S. “Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio on performance and emissions of CI engine operated with waste fried methyl ester blend”, Fuel Process. Technol., 128, 367-375, 2014.
• Hoekman, S.K., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Ceniceros, E., & Natarajan, M. “Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 16, 143–169, 2012.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion#Lower_heating_value, 16/05/2016.
• Ileri, E., & Kocar, G. “Experimental investigation of the effect of antioxidant additives on NOx emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel”, Fuel, 125, 44–49, 2014.
• Imtenan, S., Masjuki, H.H., Varman, M., Kalam, M.A., Arbab, M.I., Sajjad, H., & Rahman, S.M.A. “Impact of oxygenated additives to palm and jatropha biodiesel blends in the context of performance and emissions characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine”, Energy Conversion and Management, 83, 149–158, 2014.
• Karavalakis, G., Stournas, S., & Karonis, D. “Evaluation of the oxidation stability of diesel/biodiesel blends”, Fuel, 89(9), 2483–2489, 2010.
• Keshavarz, M.H., Jafari, M., Kamalvand, M., Karami, A., Kerhavarz, Z., Zamani, A, & Rajaee, S. “A simple and reliable method for prediction of flash point of alcohols based on their elemental composition and structural parameters”, Proc. Safety and Env. Prot. 102, 1-8, 2016.
• Knothe, G. et al. “The Biodiesel Handbook”, American Oil Chemists Society Press, 2005.
• Knothe, G., Krahl, J., & Van Gerpen, J.H. “The biodiesel handbook”, AOCS Press, 2010.
• Lin, C., & Wang, K. “Effects of an oxygenated additive on the emulsification characteristics of two- and three-phase diesel emulsions”, Fuel, 83(4-5), 507–515, 2004.
• Lin, B.F., Huang, J.H., & Huang, D.Y. “Experimental study of the effects of vegetable oil methyl ester on DI diesel engine performance characteristics and pollutant emissions”, Fuel, 88, 1779–1785, 2009.
• Liu, H., Jiang, S., Guo, H., Han, S., Yang, C., & Jiang, J. “A new kind of pour point depressant: Diesel from direct coallique faction”, Fuel Proc. Tech., 149, 285-289, 2016.
• Menezes, E.W., Silva, R., Cataluna, R., & Ortega, R.J.C. “Effect of ethers and ether/ethanol additives on the physicochemical properties of diesel fuel and on engine tests”, Fuel, 85(5-6), 815–822, 2006.
• Meng, X., Jia, M., & Wang, T. “Predicting biodiesel densities over a wide temperature range up to 523 K”, Fuel, 111, 216–222, 2013.
• Meng, X., Jia, M., & Wang, T. “Neural network prediction of biodiesel kinematic viscosity at 313 K'. Fuel, 121, 133-140, 2014.
• Miraboutalebi, S.M.R., Kazemi, P., & Bahrami, P. “Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) composition used for estimation of biodiesel cetane number employing random forest and artificial neural networks: A new approach”, Fuel, 166, 143-151, 2016.
• Moffat, R. J. ASME J. Fluids Eng., 104, 250-264, 1982.
• Muralidharan, K., & Vasudevan, D. “Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends”, Appl. Energy, 88, 3959-3968, 2011.
• Reijnders, L. “Conditions for the sustainability of biomass based fuel use”, Energy Policy, 34(7), 863–76, 2006.
• Poling, B.E., Prausnitz, J.M., & O’Connell, J.P. “The properties of gases and liquids”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.
• Sensoz, S., Angin, D., & Yorgun, S. “Influence of particle size on the pyrolysis of rapeseed (Brassicanapus L.): fuel properties of bio-oil”, Biomass Bioenergy, 19(4), 271–279, 2000.
• Tracy, N.I., Chen, D., Crunkleton, D.W., & Price, G.L. “Hydrogenated monoterpenes as diesel fuel additives”, Fuel, 88(11), 2238–2240, 2009.
• Yuan, W., Hansen, A.C., & Zhang, Q. “Predicting the temperature dependent viscosity of biodiesel fuels”, Fuel, 88, 1120–1126, 2009.
• Zakharchuk, V.I., & Tkachuk, V.V. “Technology of production and performance properties of isopropyl ester of rapeseed oil”, Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 48(6), 421-425, 2013.