Biodiesel production from waste frying oil by electrochemical method using stainless steel electrode

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 54 - 62, 27.03.2024

Mustafa Kemal Balki

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1440793

Abstract

Biodiesel production from waste frying oil is important in terms of effectively utilizing waste and reducing production costs. It is important that the production method of biodiesel is environmentally friendly, economical, and sustainable. For this purpose, electrochemical transesterification process with stainless steel electrodes instead of rare metal electrodes was preferred in this study for biodiesel production. In this study, where SS304 class AISI 304 stainless steel was used as an electrode, biodiesel was produced from waste frying oil by electrochemical method. An electrolyte was prepared with 8:1 molar ratio of methanol, 2% by weight distilled water, 2% THF, 0.5% NaCl and waste frying oil. The conversion efficiency and fuel properties of biodiesel produced in the electrochemical process lasting 3 hours with a reaction voltage of 20 V were determined. The results were compared with biodiesel produced by conventional methods. According to the results, a conversion efficiency of 68% was achieved in the electrochemical process. Moreover, it has been determined that biodiesel properties are compatible with EN 14214.

Keywords

Biodiesel, Waste frying oil, Electrochemical method, Conventional method, Steel electrode.

References

• Söyler H., Balki MK., Sayin C., “Determination of optimum parameters for esterification in high free fatty acid olive oil and ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production”, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 13(13), 12043-12056, 2023.
• Adewale P., Dumont M-J., Ngadi M., “Recent trends of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes and associated production techniques”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 574–588, 2015.
• Knothe G., Krahl J., van Gerpen J., “The biodiesel handbook”, Elsevier, 2015.
• Gerpen J. van, “Biodiesel processing and production” Fuel Processing Technology, 86, 1097–1107, 2005.
• Fukuda H, Kondo A, Noda H., “Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils”, J Biosci Bioeng, 92, 405–416, 2001.
• Guan G., Kusakabe K., “Synthesis of biodiesel fuel using an electrolysis method”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 153, 159–163, 2009.
• Fereidooni L., Tahvildari K., Mehrpooya M., “Trans-esterification of waste cooking oil with methanol by electrolysis process using KOH”, Renew Energy, 16:183–193, 2018.
• Kusakabe K., Guan G.,“Synthesis of biodiesel fuel using an electrolysis method”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 153, 159–163, 2009.
• Chinh Nguyen H., Hagos Aregawi B., Fu C-C., Chyuan Ong H., Barrow CJ., Su C-H., Wu S-J., Juan H-Y., Wang F-M., “Biodiesel production through electrolysis in the presence of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent: Optimization by response surface methodology”, J Mol Liq, 379, 121633, 2023.
• Abdollahi Asl M., Tahvildari K., Bigdeli T., “Eco-friendly synthesis of biodiesel from WCO by using electrolysis technique with graphite electrodes”, Fuel, 270, 117582, 2020.
• Xia S., Hu Y., Chen C., Tao J., Yan B., Li W., Zhu G., Cheng Z., Chen G., “Electrolytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using magnetic Co/Fe–Ca based catalyst derived from waste shells: A promising approach towards sustainable biodiesel production”, Renew Energy, 200, 1286–1299, 2022.
• Helmi M., Tahvildari K., Hemmati A., Aberoomand azar P., Safekordi A., “Phosphomolybdic acid/graphene oxide as novel green catalyst using for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via electrolysis method: Optimization using with response surface methodology (RSM)”, Fuel, 287, 119528, 2021.
• Helmi M., Tahvildari K., Hemmati A., Azar PA., Safekordi A., “Converting waste cooking oil into biodiesel using phosphomolybdic acid/clinoptilolite as an innovative green catalyst via electrolysis procedure; optimization by response surface methodology (RSM)”, Fuel Processing Technology, 225, 107062, 2022.
• Allioux F-M., Holland BJ., Kong L., Dumee LF., “Electro-catalytic biodiesel production from canola oil in methanolic and ethanolic solutions with low-cost stainless steel and hybrid ion-exchange resin grafted electrodes”, Front Mater, 4, 22, 2017.
• Al-Rousan AA., “Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline engines by introducing HHO gas into intake manifold”, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 35, 12930–12935, 2010.
• Musmar SA., Al-Rousan AA. “Effect of HHO gas on combustion emissions in gasoline engines”, Fuel, 90, 3066–3070, 2011.
• Rachman SA., Komariah LN., Andwikaputra AI., Umbara NB., “High conversion and yield of biodiesel using electrolysis method”, In: J Phys Conf Ser. IOP Publishing, p 012040, 2018.
• Phounsavath S., Maxsarik V., “Effects of electrode configuration on chemical kinetics of Biodiesel production with electric field”, In: IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. IOP Publishing, p 012035, 2019.
• Wei J., Liang P., Huang X., “Recent progress in electrodes for microbial fuel cells”, Bioresour Technol, 102, 9335–9344, 2011.
• Gunstone FD., Gunstone FD. “Fatty acids—Nomenclature, structure, isolation and structure determination, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis”, Fatty acid and lipid chemistry, 1–34, 1996.
• Avagyan AB., Singh B., “Biodiesel: Feedstocks, Technologies, Economics and Barriers. Biodiesel: Feedstocks, Technologies, Economics and Barriers”, Springer Singapore, 0-218, 2019.
• Rustan AC., Drevon CA., “Fatty Acids: Structures and Properties”, ELS, edited by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005.
• Alviso D., Artana G., Duriez T., “Prediction of biodiesel physico-chemical properties from its fatty acid composition using genetic programming”, Fuel, 264, 116844, 2020.
• Kumbhar V., Pandey A., Sonawane CR., El-Shafay AS., Panchal H, Chamkha AJ., “Statistical analysis on prediction of biodiesel properties from its fatty acid composition”, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 30, 101775, 2022.
• Erdoğan S., “LHV and HHV prediction model using regression analysis with the help of bond energies for biodiesel”, Fuel, 301, 121065, 2021.
• Guan G., Kusakabe K. “Synthesis of biodiesel fuel using an electrolysis method”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 153, 159–163, 2009.
• Putra RS., Liyanita A., Arifah N., Puspitasari E, Sawaludin, Hizam MN., “Enhanced Electro-Catalytic Process on the Synthesis of FAME Using CaO from Eggshell”, Energy Procedia, 105:289–296, 2017.
• Fereidooni L., Pirkarami A., Ghasemi E., Kasaeian A., “Using ZnAl–LDH@SiO2 as a catalyst for the electrocatalytic conversion of waste frying oil into biodiesel”, Energy Convers Manag, 296, 117646, 2023.
• Sarno M., Ponticorvo E., “A new nanohybrid for electrocatalytic biodiesel production from waste Amalfi coast lemon seed oil”, Fuel, 267, 117178, 2020.