İçten Yanmalı Motorlu Araçlardan Elektrikli Araçlara Geçiş Sürecinde Body-in-White Bileşenlerindeki Değişimlerin ve Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 123 - 141, 30.06.2025

Murat Onat

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1630727

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, içten yanmalı motorlu (ICE) araçlardan elektrikli araçlara (EV) geçiş sürecinde gövde çerçeve bileşenleri, yani Body-in-White (BIW) üzerinde yapılan iyileştirmelerin ve değişikliklerin etkisi incelenmektedir. Ayrıca, ICE araçlarla kıyaslandığında malzeme gereksinimleri ve yapısal farklılıklar analiz edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, konu ile ilgili literatür taranmış ve sistematik bir akışla sunulmuştur.

Elektrikli araçların batarya ihtiyacı, içten yanmalı motorlu araçlara kıyasla ağırlığın artmasına neden olan bir faktör olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Batarya teknolojilerinde kaydedilen ilerlemeler araçların maksimum menzilini artırmış olsa da bu gelişmeler tek başına yeterli olmamakta, bu nedenle araç hafifletme çalışmalarına ek çabalar gerekmektedir. Hafifletme çabalarının yeni teknolojilerle entegrasyonu, yeni üretim yöntemleri ve montaj tekniklerinin gelişimine de zemin hazırlamıştır. Araç yapılarını değişen güvenlik standartlarına uygunluk açısından değerlendiren çalışmalar, aynı zamanda ağırlık azaltımının araç emisyonları üzerindeki etkisini de ortaya koyarak bu dönüşümün bütüncül bir şekilde ele alınması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada farklı üreticilere ait Body-in-White yapıları incelenerek, içten yanmalı motorlu araçlardan elektrikli araçlara geçiş sürecinde malzeme değişiklikleri, ağırlık azaltımı ve güvenlik hususları detaylı şekilde analiz edilmektedir. Ayrıca, bu dönüşüm sürecine ve ağırlık azaltımına olumlu katkıda bulunmak amacıyla firmaların seri üretim hatlarına entegre ettiği presleme, kaynaklama ve montaj teknolojileri gibi yeni üretim yöntemleri de araştırmanın odak noktalarından biri olmuştur. Parça üretim yöntemlerindeki bu yenilikler, ICE'den EV’ye geçiş sürecinde Body-in-White konseptinin evriminde de önemli bir rol oynamıştır.

Keywords

body in white , elektrikli araç , içten yanmalı motor , hafifletilmiş tasarım

Investigation of changes in body-in-white components and their impact during the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles

Abstract

In this study, the impact of improvements and modifications to the chassis framework components, referred to as the Body-in-White (BIW), during the transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is examined. Additionally, the material requirements and structural differences compared to ICE vehicles are analyzed. In this context, the literature has been reviewed and presented in a structured flow. The battery requirement of EVs emerges as a factor that increases weight compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. Although advancements in battery technologies have improved the maximum driving range of vehicles, they remain insufficient on their own, necessitating additional efforts towards vehicle lightweighting. The integration of these lightweighting efforts with new technologies has paved the way for the development of new production methods and assembly techniques. Studies examining the compliance of evolving vehicle structures with safety standards, as well as the impact of weight reduction on vehicle emissions, highlight the necessity of addressing this transformation holistically. Therefore, this study investigates the body-in-white structures of vehicles produced by various manufacturers, closely analyzing the changes in materials, weight reduction, and safety considerations during the ICE to EV transition process. Furthermore, the new production methods—such as pressing, welding, and assembly technologies—that companies have integrated into their mass production lines to contribute positively to this transition process and weight reduction have become another focal point of research. These innovations in part manufacturing methods have also played a significant role in the evolution of the body-in-white concept during the ICE to EV transition.

Keywords

body in white , electrical vehicle , internal combustion engine , lightweight design

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