Atıktan Temiz Enerjiye: Atık Plastik Yağ Kullanılarak Motor Verimliliği ve Emisyonlarının Çok Amaçlı Optimizasyonu

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 215 - 228, 30.09.2025

Arif Savaş , Samet Uslu , Tuğba Kaya

https://doi.org/10.18245/ijaet.1691757

Abstract

Plastikler hafif, esnek ve kolay şekillendirilebilir olmaları gibi avantajlarından dolayı pek çok endüstride kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde artan tüketim çılgınlığı nedeniyle plastik kullanımı her geçen yıl artmaktadır. Plastiklerin ortalama ömrü yaklaşık 10 yıl olmasına rağmen doğada kendiliğinden parçalanmaları yıllar almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atık plastik kabloların yağa dönüştürülme potansiyeli araştırılmış ve bu yağın dizel ile karıştırılmasının motor performansı ve emisyonlar üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Amaç, artan plastik atıklar ve fosil yakıt bağımlılığının neden olduğu çevre sorunlarına alternatif bir çözüm sunmaktır. Test yakıtları oluşturmak için, üretilen yağ dizel yakıtı ile üç farklı hacimsel oranda (%10, %20 ve %30) karıştırılmıştır. Bu test yakıtlarını test etmek için 4 zamanlı, hava soğutmalı, tek silindirli bir dizel motor kullanılmış ve 3000 dev/dak sabit hızda ve altı farklı yük altında (0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5 ve 3 kW) çalıştırılmıştır. Tepki yüzey metodolojisi (RSM) kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler kullanılarak ideal motor yükü 1,5 kW, ideal atık plastik yağ oranı ise %14 olarak alınmıştır. İdeal koşullar altında fren termal verimi (BTE) %23,17, fren özgül yakıt tüketimi (BSFC) 371,48 g/kWh, azot oksit (NOx) 495,96, karbondioksit (CO2) %5,29, hidrokarbon (HC) 21,93 ppm, karbon monoksit (CO) %0,049 olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon çalışmasında en düşük korelasyon katsayısı (R2) değeri %97,43 ile CO'ya aittir. En yüksek hata oranı %5,69 ile CO'ya, en düşük hata oranı ise %0,99 ile HC emisyonuna aittir. Kullanılmış plastik kablolardan elde edilen yağın dizel ile birleştirildiğinde faydalı olduğu görülmüştür. RSM etkin bir şekilde kullanılmış olup, yüksek R2 değerleri ve düşük hata oranları sergilemektedir.

Keywords

Dizel motor , RSM , RSM , Biyodizel , Atıktan enerjiye , Atık plastik yağ

Project Number

KBÜBAP-22-YL-108.

From waste to clean energy: multi-objective optimization of engine efficiency and emissions using waste plastic oil

Abstract

Plastics are used in a wide variety of industries due to their advantages such as being light, flexible, and easy to shape. Today, the use of plastics is increasing every year due to the increasing consumption frenzy. Although the average lifespan of plastics is approximately 10 years, it takes years for them to decompose in nature on their own. In this study, the potential of converting waste plastic cables into oil was investigated, and the effects of blending this oil with diesel on engine performance and emissions were evaluated. The aim is to offer an alternative solution to the environmental problems caused by increasing plastic waste and fossil fuel dependence. To create test fuels, the generated oil was combined with diesel fuel in three distinct volumetric ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%). A 4-stroke, air-cooled, single-cylinder diesel engine was used to test these test fuels at a constant speed of 3000 rpm while under six distinct loads (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 kW). Utilizing the data from the studies utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM), the ideal engine load was 1.5 kW, and the ideal waste plastic oil ratio was 14%. Under ideal conditions, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was determined to be 23.17%, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) to be 371.48 g/kWh, nitrogen oxide (NOx) to be 495.96, carbon dioxide (CO2) to be 5.29%, hydrocarbon (HC) to be 21.93 ppm, and carbon monoxide (CO) to be 0.049%. In the optimization study, the lowest correlation coefficient (R2) value belongs to CO with 97.43%. The highest error rate belongs to CO with 5.69%, and the lowest error rate belongs to HC emission with 0.99%. Oil extracted from used plastic cables has been found to be useful when combined with diesel. RSM has been effectively used, exhibiting high R2 values and low error rates.

Keywords

Diesel engine , Waste to energy , RSM , Waste Plastic Oil

Supporting Institution

The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Karabuk University

Project Number

KBÜBAP-22-YL-108.

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