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TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN SİYASİ VE HUKUKİ DURUMU

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 1 - 21, 28.01.2018

Abstract

Suriye’de Arap Baharı’nın etkisiyle başlayan olaylar iç savaşa dönüşmüştür. Bu iç savaştan kaçan ve can güvenliğini sağlamak isteyenler başta komşu ülkeler olmak üzere dünyanın pek çok ülkesine sığınmışlardır. Suriyeliler Türkiye’ye ilk kez 29 Nisan 2011’de gelmeye başlamış ve sayıları günümüzde yaklaşık 3,5 milyona ulaşmıştır. Hukuki olarak geçici koruma altına alınan Suriyeliler bu süreçte Türkiye’yi ekonomik, politik ve sosyal açıdan oldukça etkilemiştir. Başta temel ihtiyaçlar olmak üzere pek çok hizmet sunulmuş ve maddi olarak milyarlarca dolar harcama yapılmıştır. Ülke yardımseverliği ve insani normlara verdiği değerin yanı sıra dış politikasında benimsediği yumuşak güç yaklaşımıyla her zaman Suriyelilerin yanında olmuştur. Türkiye’nin bu  davranışı uluslararası toplumda takdirle karşılanmış, bazı ülkelerle ilişkilerde iyileşme sağlanmış ve yardım sözleri verilmiştir. Fakat projeler ve fonlarla kısmen sağlanan yardımlar, uluslararası toplumun ilgisizliğiyle istenen seviyeye ulaşamamış ve Türkiye bu konuda yalnız bırakılmıştır.

References

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  • Ciğer, M. (2016). “On the Elements of the Temporary Protection Regime Appropriate to International Law”, Journal of Migration Studies, 2(3): 62-92.
  • Cihangir, F. (2015). “A Study on the Legal Status of Syrians in Turkey”, http://akademikperspektif.com/2015/02/23/turkiyedeki-suriyelilerinhukuki-statusu-uzerine-bir-calisma/ (21.11.2017).
  • CNN Turk, “Important Explanation to Syrian Students from Higher Education Council Member” https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/yok-uyesindensuriyeli-ogrenciler-icin-onemli-aciklama (13.12.2017).
  • Çelik, N. (2015). “The Rights and Obligations of Foreigners who are in International Protection in Turkish Law or who benefit from International Protection”, Inonu University Faculty of Law Journal, 1: 67-148.
  • Çetinkaya, E., Erbaş, M. & Özceylan, E. (2016). “Syrian Status of Temporary Housing Centers in Turkey and Scenario Analysis”, Individual and Society Journal, 6(12): 5-21.
  • DEMP (2017). “Syria Temporary Housing Center Information Note”, https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2374/files/11_12_2017_Suriye_GBM_Bilgi_Notu.pdf (11.12.2017).
  • DEMP (2015). “Circular on the Execution of Health Services Regarding Foreigners Temporary Protected”, https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2311/files/2015-8_Genelgemiz.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • DEMP (2014). “Circular on the Execution of Services Regarding Foreigners Temporary Protected”, https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2311/files/2014-4_sayili_Genelge_-_parafsiz.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • Deutsche Welle (2017). “The number of refugees in Turkey, higher than predicted”, http://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyede-m%C3%BCltecisay%C4%B1s%C4%B1-tahmin-edilenden-y%C3%BCksek/a-39323369 (04.12.2017).
  • DGMM (2015). “Turkey and Immigration”, http://www.goc.gov.tr/files/files/goc_tasar%C4%B1m_icler.pdf (02.12.2017).
  • DGMM (2017). “Migration Statistics”, http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik/gocistatistikleri_363_378 (07.12.2017).
  • DGMM (2015). “1967 Protocol on the Status of Refugees”,http://www.goc.gov.tr/files/files/M%C3%9CLTEC%C4%B0LER%C4%B 0N%20HUKUK%20STAT%C3%9CS%C3%9CNE%20%C4%B0L%C4%B 0%C5%9EK%C4%B0N%201967%20PROTOKOL%C3%9C(1).pdf (21.11.2017).
  • Dinçer, O., Federici, V, Ferris, E., Karaca, S., Kirişci, K. & Çarmıklı, E. (2013). “Syrian refugees and Turkey: Non-Ending Guest”, USAK&Brookings.
  • Economic Development Foundation (EDF) (2017). “A New Subject in Turkey-EU Relations: Problem of Refugees and Turkey-EU Cooperation”,http://www.ikv.org.tr/images/files/multecimeselesi2017.pdf (28.12.2017).
  • Erdoğan, M. (2017). “The Syrian Barometer The Framework of Life in Harmony with the Syrians”, HUGO&IGAM.
  • Ergüven, N. & Özturanlı, B. (2013). “International Refugee Law and Turkey”, AU Faculty of Law Journal, 62 (4): 1007-1061.
  • Ertaş, H. & Kıraç, F. (2017). “Education Activities for the Migrant Syrians in Turkey”, Selçuk University Journal of Social and Technical Studies, (13): 99-110.
  • IGAM (2015). “The Regulation on the Procedures and the Principles Related to Mass Influx and the Foreigners Arriving in Turkey either Individual or in Groups Wishing to seek Asylum either from Turkey or Requesting Residence Permits with the Intention of Seeking Asylum form a Third Country”,http://www.igamder.org/wp-ontent/uploads/2015/01 /T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YEYE-%C4%B0LT%C4%B0CA-EDEN-VEYABA% C5%9EKA-B%C4%B0R-%C3% 9CLKEYE-%C4%B0LT%C4%B0CAETMEK-% C3%9CZERE.pdf (04.12.2017).
  • International Organization of Migration (2009). “Dictionary of Migration Terms”, http://www.goc.gov.tr/files/files/goc_terimleri_sozlugu.pdf (21.11.2017).
  • INGEV&Ipsos (2017). “Syrian Refugee Life Monitor”, http://ingev.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/07/Multeci-Hayatlar-Monitor%C3%BC.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Kaya, İ. & Eren, E. (2014). “Legal Status of Syrians in Turkey: The intervening persons’ rights and obligations”, Foundation for PESR
  • Kirişci, K. (2014). “Syrian Refugees and Turkey’s Challenges: Going Beyond Hospitality”, Brookings.
  • Korkut, L. (2008). “Refugees of the Countries of the European Human Rights Court Decision on Deportation Impact on Sovereign Powers: The Case of Turkey”, Journal of Ankara Bar Association, 4: 20-35.
  • Köse, M. (2015). “Readmission Agreement and visa-free Europe: Understanding Turkey's Foreign Policy Preferences”, Marmara University Journal of Political Science, 3(2): 195-220.
  • Legislation Information System (2016). “Regulation on Working Permits for Temporary Protected Foreigners”, http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/3.5.20168375.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Legislation Information System (2013). “Foreigners and International Protection Law”,http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6458.pdf (10.12.2017).
  • Legislation Information System (2009). “Turkish Citizenship Law”, http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5901.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • Ministry of the EU(2017). “Monthly Newsletter”, https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/2017_06/aylik_bulten_mayis.pdf (24.12.2017).
  • Ministry of Labor and Social Security (2017). “Implementation Guide on working Permits for Temporary Protected Foreigners. General Directorate of Labor”, https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/5893/gkkuygulamarehberi.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Ministry of Family and Social Policy (2016). “Syrian Coordination and Planning Workshop”, Http://ailetoplum.aile.gov.tr/data/5429366a369dc32358ee2a92/calistay_raporu.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Ministry of Health (2014). “Directive on Principles Regarding the Medical Services to be Taken for People who Temporary Protection”, https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,11288/gecici-koruma-altina-alinanlaraverilecek-saglik-hizmetlerine-dair-esaslar-hakkinda-22102014-tarihlive-29153-sayili-yonerge.html (14.12.2017).
  • Multeci-Der (2016). “Geneva Convention”, www.multeci.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/1951-Cenevre-Sozlesmesi-1.pdf (02.12.2017).
  • Multeci-Der (2016). “1994 Regulation”, www.multeci.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/1994-Yonetmeligi.pdf (04.12.2017).
  • Official Gazette (2006). “Decision No. 2006/9938”,http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2006/01/20060127- 2.htmhttp://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2006/01/20060127- 2.htm (04.12.2017).
  • Official Gazette (2014). “Temporary Protection Directive”,http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/10/20141022-15-1.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • Özer, Y. (2017). “Reflections of Refugee Problems in Turkey-EU relations”,(Ed.) Gülcan, Y. et al., A New Subject in Turkey-EU Relations: Problem of Refugees and Turkey-EU Cooperation. Publication of EDF.
  • Poyraz, Y. (2012). “Temporary Protection of Syrian Citizens and InternationalRefugee Law”, Selcuk University Faculty of Law Journal, 20(2): 53-69.
  • Saglik Aktuel (2017). “Transactions of Syrian Patients to be Made Over Medula”, Http://www.saglikaktuel.com/haber/suriyeli-hastalarinislemleri-medula-uzerinden-yapilacak-48480.htm (22.12.2017).
  • Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) (1961). “Geneva Convention Acceptance”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/KM__/d00/c002/km__00002024ss0053.pdf (02.12.2017).
  • Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) (2012). “Investigation Report on the Tent Cities of Syrian Citizens which Asylum to Our Country”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/%C3%9Clkemi ze%20S%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1nan%20Suriye%20Vatanda%C5%9Flar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20Bar%C4%B1nd%C4%B1klar%C4%B1%20%C3%87ad%C4%B1rkentler%20Hakk%C4%B1nda%20%C4%B0 nceleme%20Raporu%20-2-.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • UN Information Center, “UN Turkey”, http://www.unicankara.org.tr/tr/bmsistemi-bm-turkiye/ (27.12.2017).
  • UNHCR, “Inter-agency Information Sharing Portal”, http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/asylum.php (24.12.2017).
  • UNHCR (2017). “3RP 2017 Progress Report”.
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LEGAL AND POLITICAL SITUATION OF SYRIAN IMMIGRANTS IN TURKEY

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 1 - 21, 28.01.2018

Abstract

In Syria, the events that started with the effect of the Arab Spring have turned into civil war. Those who escaped from this civil war and want to provide safety for their lives have taken shelter in many countries of the world, especially in neighboring countries. Syrians have begun to arrive in Turkey for the first time on April 29, 2011 and today the number has reached
nearly 3,5 million. In this process, Syrians who are legally under temporary protection, have greatly affected Turkey economically, politically and socially. At first, many services were provided, including basic needs and billions of dollars were spent financially. In addition to its value to humanitarian norms and philanthropy, the country has always been stand by the Syrians with its soft power approach adopted in foreign policy. Turkey's behavior has been met with appreciation in the international community, provided improvement in relations with some countries and promises of help are given. However, the project provided partial funding and assistance has not reached the desired level with the disinterest of the international community and Turkey was left alone in this regard.

References

  • Bozbeyoğlu, E. (2015). “Refugees and Human Rights”, HU Faculty of Communication Cultural Studies Journal, 2(1): 60-80.
  • Ciğer, M. (2016). “On the Elements of the Temporary Protection Regime Appropriate to International Law”, Journal of Migration Studies, 2(3): 62-92.
  • Cihangir, F. (2015). “A Study on the Legal Status of Syrians in Turkey”, http://akademikperspektif.com/2015/02/23/turkiyedeki-suriyelilerinhukuki-statusu-uzerine-bir-calisma/ (21.11.2017).
  • CNN Turk, “Important Explanation to Syrian Students from Higher Education Council Member” https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/yok-uyesindensuriyeli-ogrenciler-icin-onemli-aciklama (13.12.2017).
  • Çelik, N. (2015). “The Rights and Obligations of Foreigners who are in International Protection in Turkish Law or who benefit from International Protection”, Inonu University Faculty of Law Journal, 1: 67-148.
  • Çetinkaya, E., Erbaş, M. & Özceylan, E. (2016). “Syrian Status of Temporary Housing Centers in Turkey and Scenario Analysis”, Individual and Society Journal, 6(12): 5-21.
  • DEMP (2017). “Syria Temporary Housing Center Information Note”, https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2374/files/11_12_2017_Suriye_GBM_Bilgi_Notu.pdf (11.12.2017).
  • DEMP (2015). “Circular on the Execution of Health Services Regarding Foreigners Temporary Protected”, https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2311/files/2015-8_Genelgemiz.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • DEMP (2014). “Circular on the Execution of Services Regarding Foreigners Temporary Protected”, https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2311/files/2014-4_sayili_Genelge_-_parafsiz.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • Deutsche Welle (2017). “The number of refugees in Turkey, higher than predicted”, http://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyede-m%C3%BCltecisay%C4%B1s%C4%B1-tahmin-edilenden-y%C3%BCksek/a-39323369 (04.12.2017).
  • DGMM (2015). “Turkey and Immigration”, http://www.goc.gov.tr/files/files/goc_tasar%C4%B1m_icler.pdf (02.12.2017).
  • DGMM (2017). “Migration Statistics”, http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik/gocistatistikleri_363_378 (07.12.2017).
  • DGMM (2015). “1967 Protocol on the Status of Refugees”,http://www.goc.gov.tr/files/files/M%C3%9CLTEC%C4%B0LER%C4%B 0N%20HUKUK%20STAT%C3%9CS%C3%9CNE%20%C4%B0L%C4%B 0%C5%9EK%C4%B0N%201967%20PROTOKOL%C3%9C(1).pdf (21.11.2017).
  • Dinçer, O., Federici, V, Ferris, E., Karaca, S., Kirişci, K. & Çarmıklı, E. (2013). “Syrian refugees and Turkey: Non-Ending Guest”, USAK&Brookings.
  • Economic Development Foundation (EDF) (2017). “A New Subject in Turkey-EU Relations: Problem of Refugees and Turkey-EU Cooperation”,http://www.ikv.org.tr/images/files/multecimeselesi2017.pdf (28.12.2017).
  • Erdoğan, M. (2017). “The Syrian Barometer The Framework of Life in Harmony with the Syrians”, HUGO&IGAM.
  • Ergüven, N. & Özturanlı, B. (2013). “International Refugee Law and Turkey”, AU Faculty of Law Journal, 62 (4): 1007-1061.
  • Ertaş, H. & Kıraç, F. (2017). “Education Activities for the Migrant Syrians in Turkey”, Selçuk University Journal of Social and Technical Studies, (13): 99-110.
  • IGAM (2015). “The Regulation on the Procedures and the Principles Related to Mass Influx and the Foreigners Arriving in Turkey either Individual or in Groups Wishing to seek Asylum either from Turkey or Requesting Residence Permits with the Intention of Seeking Asylum form a Third Country”,http://www.igamder.org/wp-ontent/uploads/2015/01 /T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YEYE-%C4%B0LT%C4%B0CA-EDEN-VEYABA% C5%9EKA-B%C4%B0R-%C3% 9CLKEYE-%C4%B0LT%C4%B0CAETMEK-% C3%9CZERE.pdf (04.12.2017).
  • International Organization of Migration (2009). “Dictionary of Migration Terms”, http://www.goc.gov.tr/files/files/goc_terimleri_sozlugu.pdf (21.11.2017).
  • INGEV&Ipsos (2017). “Syrian Refugee Life Monitor”, http://ingev.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/07/Multeci-Hayatlar-Monitor%C3%BC.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Kaya, İ. & Eren, E. (2014). “Legal Status of Syrians in Turkey: The intervening persons’ rights and obligations”, Foundation for PESR
  • Kirişci, K. (2014). “Syrian Refugees and Turkey’s Challenges: Going Beyond Hospitality”, Brookings.
  • Korkut, L. (2008). “Refugees of the Countries of the European Human Rights Court Decision on Deportation Impact on Sovereign Powers: The Case of Turkey”, Journal of Ankara Bar Association, 4: 20-35.
  • Köse, M. (2015). “Readmission Agreement and visa-free Europe: Understanding Turkey's Foreign Policy Preferences”, Marmara University Journal of Political Science, 3(2): 195-220.
  • Legislation Information System (2016). “Regulation on Working Permits for Temporary Protected Foreigners”, http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/3.5.20168375.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Legislation Information System (2013). “Foreigners and International Protection Law”,http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6458.pdf (10.12.2017).
  • Legislation Information System (2009). “Turkish Citizenship Law”, http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.5901.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • Ministry of the EU(2017). “Monthly Newsletter”, https://www.ab.gov.tr/siteimages/2017_06/aylik_bulten_mayis.pdf (24.12.2017).
  • Ministry of Labor and Social Security (2017). “Implementation Guide on working Permits for Temporary Protected Foreigners. General Directorate of Labor”, https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/5893/gkkuygulamarehberi.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Ministry of Family and Social Policy (2016). “Syrian Coordination and Planning Workshop”, Http://ailetoplum.aile.gov.tr/data/5429366a369dc32358ee2a92/calistay_raporu.pdf (22.12.2017).
  • Ministry of Health (2014). “Directive on Principles Regarding the Medical Services to be Taken for People who Temporary Protection”, https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,11288/gecici-koruma-altina-alinanlaraverilecek-saglik-hizmetlerine-dair-esaslar-hakkinda-22102014-tarihlive-29153-sayili-yonerge.html (14.12.2017).
  • Multeci-Der (2016). “Geneva Convention”, www.multeci.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/1951-Cenevre-Sozlesmesi-1.pdf (02.12.2017).
  • Multeci-Der (2016). “1994 Regulation”, www.multeci.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2016/12/1994-Yonetmeligi.pdf (04.12.2017).
  • Official Gazette (2006). “Decision No. 2006/9938”,http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2006/01/20060127- 2.htmhttp://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2006/01/20060127- 2.htm (04.12.2017).
  • Official Gazette (2014). “Temporary Protection Directive”,http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/10/20141022-15-1.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • Özer, Y. (2017). “Reflections of Refugee Problems in Turkey-EU relations”,(Ed.) Gülcan, Y. et al., A New Subject in Turkey-EU Relations: Problem of Refugees and Turkey-EU Cooperation. Publication of EDF.
  • Poyraz, Y. (2012). “Temporary Protection of Syrian Citizens and InternationalRefugee Law”, Selcuk University Faculty of Law Journal, 20(2): 53-69.
  • Saglik Aktuel (2017). “Transactions of Syrian Patients to be Made Over Medula”, Http://www.saglikaktuel.com/haber/suriyeli-hastalarinislemleri-medula-uzerinden-yapilacak-48480.htm (22.12.2017).
  • Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) (1961). “Geneva Convention Acceptance”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/KM__/d00/c002/km__00002024ss0053.pdf (02.12.2017).
  • Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) (2012). “Investigation Report on the Tent Cities of Syrian Citizens which Asylum to Our Country”, https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/belge/%C3%9Clkemi ze%20S%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1nan%20Suriye%20Vatanda%C5%9Flar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20Bar%C4%B1nd%C4%B1klar%C4%B1%20%C3%87ad%C4%B1rkentler%20Hakk%C4%B1nda%20%C4%B0 nceleme%20Raporu%20-2-.pdf (12.12.2017).
  • UN Information Center, “UN Turkey”, http://www.unicankara.org.tr/tr/bmsistemi-bm-turkiye/ (27.12.2017).
  • UNHCR, “Inter-agency Information Sharing Portal”, http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/asylum.php (24.12.2017).
  • UNHCR (2017). “3RP 2017 Progress Report”.
  • UNHCR (2017). “3RP 2017-2018, Turkey”.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Meral Balcı 0000-0003-3638-5339

Ceren Ece Göcen 0000-0001-8626-5808

Publication Date January 28, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Balcı, M., & Göcen, C. E. (2018). TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN SİYASİ VE HUKUKİ DURUMU. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(5), 1-21.

Journal of Afro-Eurasian Research (IJAR) is an International refereed journal and published biannually.Authors are responsible for the content and linguistic of their articles. Articles published here could not be used without referring to the Journal. The opinions in the articles published belong to the authors only and do not reflect those of International Journal of Afro-Eurasian ResearchAll rights reserved.