Development and Evaluation of a Turkish Language Version of the Relational Health Indices
Year 2021,
, 775 - 784, 04.12.2021
Nesime Can
,
Abdulkadir Haktanır
,
A. Stephen Lenz
,
Joshua C. Watson
Abstract
Counseling scholars have increasingly utilized the relational-cultural theory (RCT) to promote growth fostering connections as a healthy way of managing various life problems. The Relational Health Indices (RHI) was developed to understand relational interactions among women. In an attempt to broaden the utility of the RHI, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Turkish language version of the RHI for research and clinical use. In translating the RHI from English to Turkish, we followed a seven-step process. Data were collected from 213 Turkish-speaking college students enrolled in two Turkish public universities with the mean age of 22.29 (SD= 3.41). The findings revealed that the RHI-T proved to be a two-factor structure (the Peer and Mentor subscales) among Turkish students and that the Community subscale was not an acceptable fit even after removing several items. Potential explanations, implications, and recommendations for clinical use and future research are provided.
References
- Borsa, J. C., Domásia, B. F., & Bandeira, D. R. (2012). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychological instruments: Some considerations. Paidéia, 22, 423-432.
- Brene, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Penguin Group.
- Comstock, D. L., Hammer, T. R., Strentzsch, J., Cannon, K., Parsons, J., & Salazar, G. (2008). Relational-cultural theory: A framework for bridging relational, multicultural, and social justice competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 279–287.
- Crumb, L., & Haskins, N. (2017). An integrative approach: Relational cultural theory and cognitive behavior therapy in college counseling. Journal of College Counseling, 20(3), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12074
- Dimitrov, D. M. (2012). Statistical methods for validation of assessment scale data in counseling and related fields. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
- Frey, L. L. (2013). Relational-cultural therapy: Theory, research, and application to counseling competencies. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 44, 177 185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033121
- Frey, L., Beesley, D., & Newman, J. (2005). The Relational Health Indices: Reanalysis of a measure of relational quality. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 38, 153–163.
- Haskins, N. H., & Appling, B. (2017). Relational-cultural theory and reality therapy: A Culturally responsive integrative framework. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12120
- Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences? Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations, 2nd Ed. Sage Publications.
- Institute of International Education. (2018). Open doors 2018 fast facts. Retrieved from https://theoxfordconclave.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fast-Facts-2018.pdf
- Jordan, J. (2008). Recent developments in relational-cultural theory. Women & Therapy: A Feminist Quarterly, 31, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703140802145540
- Joe, J. R., Norman, A. R., Brown, S., & Diaz, J. (2020). The intersection of HIV and intimate partner violence: An application of relational-cultural theory with black and Latina women. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 42(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.42.1.03
- Jordan, J. (2010). Relational-cultural therapy. American Psychological Association.
- Jordan, V. J. (2017). Relational-cultural theory: The power of connection to transform our lives. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 56, 228-243.
- Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Multiculturalism, cultural sensitivity and counseling. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği, 3(29), 115-129.
- Kress, V. E., Haiyasoso, M., Zoldan, C. A., Headley, J. A., & Trepal, H. (2018). The use of relational-cultural theory in counseling clients who have traumatic stress disorders. Journal of Counseling & Development, 96(1), 106 114. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12182
- Kagitcibasi, C. (2017). Doing psychology with a cultural lens: A half-century journey. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 824 832. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617700932
- Lam, G., & Yeung, M. (2017). The Cultural Obstacles of Counseling Licensure in Hong Kong. College Student Journal, 51(2), 193–201.
- L'Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., Scilletta C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. Springer.
- Lee, M. R., Bartholow, B. D., McCarthy, D. M., Pedersen, S. L., & Sher, K. J. (2014). Two alternative approaches to conventional person-mean imputation scoring of the self-rating of the effects of alcohol scale (SRE). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29(1), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000015
- Lenz, A. S. (2014). Mediating effects of relationships with mentors on college adjustment. Journal of College Counseling, 17, 195 207. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2014.00057.x
- Lenz, A. S. (2016). Relational-cultural theory: Fostering the growth of a paradigm through empirical research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 94, 415-428.
- Lenz, A. S., Holman, R. L., Lancaster, C., & Gotay, S. G. (2016). Effects of relational authenticity on adjustment to college. Journal of College Counseling, 19(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12027
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Glenn, C., Burns, S. M., & Ting, D. (2007). The Relational Health Indices: Confirming factor structure for use with men. The Australian Community Psychologist, 19, 35–52.
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Kenny, M. E., Brogan, D., & Gatha, R. (2010). The Relational Health Indices for youth: An examination of reliability and validity aspects. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 42, 255 274. https://doi.org/101.177/0748175609354596
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Kauh, T., Taylor, C., & Williams, L. M. (2006). Mentoring Asian and Euro-American College Women. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 34(3), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00034.x
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Taylor, C. A., Williams, L. M., Jordan, J. V., & Miller, J. B. (2002). The Relational Health Indices: A study of women’s relationships. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00040
- Liang, B., & West, J. (2011). Relational health, alexithymia, and psychological distress in college women: Testing a mediator model. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01093.x
- Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychology Bulletin, 128, 3-72. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.128.1.3
- Sargut, A. S. (2001). Kültürler arası farklılaşma ve yönetim [Cross-cultural differentiation and management]. İmge Kitabevi.
- Singh, A. A., & Moss, L. (2016). Using Relational-Cultural Theory in LGBTQQ counseling: Addressing heterosexism and enhancing relational competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 94(4), 398–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12098
- Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (5th ed.). Routledge.
- Storlie, A. C., Albritton, K., & Cureton, J. L. (2017). Familial and social influences in career exploration for female youth of color: A study of relational cultural theory. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 25, 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480717732142
- Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- van Widenfelt, B. M., Treffers, P. D. A., de Beurs, E., Siebelink, B. M., & Koudijs, E. (2005). Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of assessment instruments used in psychological research with children and families. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 135-145.
- Vandermause, R., Roberts, M. & Odom-Maryon, T. (2018). Relational health in transitions: Female adolescents in chemical dependency treatment. Substance Use & Misuse, 53, 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1408655
- Wild, D., Grove, A., Martin, M., Eremenco, S., McElroy, S., Verjee-Lorenz, A., & Erikson, P. (2005). Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patients-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: Report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value in Health, 8, 94-104.
- Zaker, B. S. & Boostanipoor, A. (2016). Multiculturalism in counseling and therapy: Marriage and family issues. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 8(5), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2016.0388
Development and Evaluation of a Turkish Language Version of the Relational Health Indices
Year 2021,
, 775 - 784, 04.12.2021
Nesime Can
,
Abdulkadir Haktanır
,
A. Stephen Lenz
,
Joshua C. Watson
Abstract
Counseling scholars have increasingly utilized the relational-cultural theory (RCT) to promote growth fostering connections as a healthy way of managing various life problems. The Relational Health Indices (RHI) was developed to understand relational interactions among women. In an attempt to broaden the utility of the RHI, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Turkish language version of the RHI for research and clinical use. In translating the RHI from English to Turkish, we followed a seven-step process. Data were collected from 213 Turkish-speaking college students enrolled in two Turkish public universities with the mean age of 22.29 (SD= 3.41). The findings revealed that the RHI-T proved to be a two-factor structure (the Peer and Mentor subscales) among Turkish students and that the Community subscale was not an acceptable fit even after removing several items. Potential explanations, implications, and recommendations for clinical use and future research are provided.
References
- Borsa, J. C., Domásia, B. F., & Bandeira, D. R. (2012). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychological instruments: Some considerations. Paidéia, 22, 423-432.
- Brene, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Penguin Group.
- Comstock, D. L., Hammer, T. R., Strentzsch, J., Cannon, K., Parsons, J., & Salazar, G. (2008). Relational-cultural theory: A framework for bridging relational, multicultural, and social justice competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86, 279–287.
- Crumb, L., & Haskins, N. (2017). An integrative approach: Relational cultural theory and cognitive behavior therapy in college counseling. Journal of College Counseling, 20(3), 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12074
- Dimitrov, D. M. (2012). Statistical methods for validation of assessment scale data in counseling and related fields. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
- Frey, L. L. (2013). Relational-cultural therapy: Theory, research, and application to counseling competencies. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 44, 177 185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033121
- Frey, L., Beesley, D., & Newman, J. (2005). The Relational Health Indices: Reanalysis of a measure of relational quality. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 38, 153–163.
- Haskins, N. H., & Appling, B. (2017). Relational-cultural theory and reality therapy: A Culturally responsive integrative framework. Journal of Counseling & Development, 95(1), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12120
- Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences? Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations, 2nd Ed. Sage Publications.
- Institute of International Education. (2018). Open doors 2018 fast facts. Retrieved from https://theoxfordconclave.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Fast-Facts-2018.pdf
- Jordan, J. (2008). Recent developments in relational-cultural theory. Women & Therapy: A Feminist Quarterly, 31, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703140802145540
- Joe, J. R., Norman, A. R., Brown, S., & Diaz, J. (2020). The intersection of HIV and intimate partner violence: An application of relational-cultural theory with black and Latina women. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 42(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.42.1.03
- Jordan, J. (2010). Relational-cultural therapy. American Psychological Association.
- Jordan, V. J. (2017). Relational-cultural theory: The power of connection to transform our lives. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 56, 228-243.
- Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Multiculturalism, cultural sensitivity and counseling. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği, 3(29), 115-129.
- Kress, V. E., Haiyasoso, M., Zoldan, C. A., Headley, J. A., & Trepal, H. (2018). The use of relational-cultural theory in counseling clients who have traumatic stress disorders. Journal of Counseling & Development, 96(1), 106 114. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12182
- Kagitcibasi, C. (2017). Doing psychology with a cultural lens: A half-century journey. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12, 824 832. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617700932
- Lam, G., & Yeung, M. (2017). The Cultural Obstacles of Counseling Licensure in Hong Kong. College Student Journal, 51(2), 193–201.
- L'Abate, L., Cusinato, M., Maino, E., Colesso, W., Scilletta C. (2010). Relational competence theory: Research and mental health applications. Springer.
- Lee, M. R., Bartholow, B. D., McCarthy, D. M., Pedersen, S. L., & Sher, K. J. (2014). Two alternative approaches to conventional person-mean imputation scoring of the self-rating of the effects of alcohol scale (SRE). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29(1), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000015
- Lenz, A. S. (2014). Mediating effects of relationships with mentors on college adjustment. Journal of College Counseling, 17, 195 207. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2014.00057.x
- Lenz, A. S. (2016). Relational-cultural theory: Fostering the growth of a paradigm through empirical research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 94, 415-428.
- Lenz, A. S., Holman, R. L., Lancaster, C., & Gotay, S. G. (2016). Effects of relational authenticity on adjustment to college. Journal of College Counseling, 19(1), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12027
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Glenn, C., Burns, S. M., & Ting, D. (2007). The Relational Health Indices: Confirming factor structure for use with men. The Australian Community Psychologist, 19, 35–52.
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Kenny, M. E., Brogan, D., & Gatha, R. (2010). The Relational Health Indices for youth: An examination of reliability and validity aspects. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 42, 255 274. https://doi.org/101.177/0748175609354596
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Kauh, T., Taylor, C., & Williams, L. M. (2006). Mentoring Asian and Euro-American College Women. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 34(3), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00034.x
- Liang, B., Tracy, A., Taylor, C. A., Williams, L. M., Jordan, J. V., & Miller, J. B. (2002). The Relational Health Indices: A study of women’s relationships. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00040
- Liang, B., & West, J. (2011). Relational health, alexithymia, and psychological distress in college women: Testing a mediator model. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01093.x
- Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychology Bulletin, 128, 3-72. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.128.1.3
- Sargut, A. S. (2001). Kültürler arası farklılaşma ve yönetim [Cross-cultural differentiation and management]. İmge Kitabevi.
- Singh, A. A., & Moss, L. (2016). Using Relational-Cultural Theory in LGBTQQ counseling: Addressing heterosexism and enhancing relational competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development, 94(4), 398–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12098
- Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (5th ed.). Routledge.
- Storlie, A. C., Albritton, K., & Cureton, J. L. (2017). Familial and social influences in career exploration for female youth of color: A study of relational cultural theory. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 25, 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480717732142
- Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- van Widenfelt, B. M., Treffers, P. D. A., de Beurs, E., Siebelink, B. M., & Koudijs, E. (2005). Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of assessment instruments used in psychological research with children and families. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8, 135-145.
- Vandermause, R., Roberts, M. & Odom-Maryon, T. (2018). Relational health in transitions: Female adolescents in chemical dependency treatment. Substance Use & Misuse, 53, 1353-1360. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1408655
- Wild, D., Grove, A., Martin, M., Eremenco, S., McElroy, S., Verjee-Lorenz, A., & Erikson, P. (2005). Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patients-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: Report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value in Health, 8, 94-104.
- Zaker, B. S. & Boostanipoor, A. (2016). Multiculturalism in counseling and therapy: Marriage and family issues. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 8(5), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2016.0388