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Developing the moral competencies of accounting students: a case study of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 55 - 83, 11.07.2016

Abstract

Two decades of financial scandals have seriously damaged the credibility of accountants as guardians of financial information. To repair this credibility, the Malaysian government released a blueprint that mandated Malaysian educational institutions to produce morally competent professionals. This study sought to assist the accounting department at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in achieving this mandate by evaluating the moral competencies of 2nd-year students enrolled in the department. The evaluation revealed that the students' had below par levels of moral competencies in dealing with ethical dilemmas in an accounting context. The implication of these results is that IIUM's accounting department has to critically assess the ethical content of its curriculum in order to ensure that it is capable of developing the moral competencies of these students to an excellent level. Additionally, there is a need for IIUM to institutionalize the measurement of students' moral competencies so that an objective determination can be made as to how effective the department is in developing the moral competencies of its students.

References

  • Abdolmohammadi, M.J. & Baker, C.R. (2007). The relationship between moral reasoning and plagiarism in accounting courses: A replication study. Issues in Accounting Education, 22(1), 45-55.
  • Abu Bakar, N., Ismail, S. & Mamat, S. (2010). Will Graduating Year Accountancy Students Cheat in Examination? A Malaysian Case. International Education Studies, 3(3), 145- 152.
  • Accounting, Auditing, and Governance Standards for Islamic Financial Institutions, 1420H- 1999, Bahrain: AAOIFI
  • Al-Ansari, E.M. (2002). Effects of gender and education on the moral reasoning of Kuwait university students. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 30(1), 75- 82.
  • Altmyer, D., Yang, S. P., Schallenkamp, K., & DeBeaumont, R. (2011). Student ethical awareness and business program matriculation: Evidence from the US. Business Education & Administration, 3(1), 41-49.
  • Ann, H. W. (2015). ICGPA-Too Little, Too Late? Retrieved from http://www.bfm.my/current-affairs-icgpa.html
  • Bayou, M.E., Reinstein, A., & Williams, P.F. (2011). To tell the truth: A discussion of issues concerning truth and ethics in accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 36(2), 109-124.
  • Bisschoff, C.A., & Bisschoff, A. (2001). Customer service factors of a Telematic Learning BBA degree. South African journal of education, 21(4), p-228.
  • Brunier, G. & Graydon, J. (1996). A comparison of two methods of measuring fatigue in patients on chronic haemodialysis: visual analogue vs Likert scale. International journal of nursing studies, 33(3), 338-348.
  • Bosco, S.M., Melchar, D.E., Beauvais, L.L. & Desplaces, D.E. (2010). Teaching business ethics: The effectiveness of common pedagogical practices in developing students’ moral judgment competence. Ethics and Education,5(3), 263-280.
  • Chafi, R.M. (2013). The Effect of Accounting Education on Occupational Ethics. Retrieved from http://tjeas.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/3468-3474.pdf
  • Chaganti, V.K. (2012). A Study of Moral Judgment Competence among Indian Students. FedUni Journal of Higher Education, 2(1), 53-60.
  • Clipa, O. & Iorga, A.M. (2013). The role of school-family partnership on moral development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 197-203.
  • Dellaportas, S. (2006). Making a difference with a discrete course on accounting ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(4), 391-404.
  • Doyle, E. & O'Flaherty, J. (2013). The impact of education level and type on moral reasoning. Irish Educational Studies, 32(3), 377-393.
  • Eid, M. (2012). Paula S. Tompkins: Practicing Communication Ethics: Development, Discernment, and Decision Making. Journal of business ethics, 1-2.
  • Fadzly, M.N. (2010). Values and moral development of undergraduate accounting students at an Islamic university and a non-religious university in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2263/1/2010mfadzlyphd.pdf
  • Fontaine, M (2012). Integrating Narrative Fiction with Business Ethics to Enhance Moral Reasoning Applying an Ethical Framework and Case Discussion Instructional Model. Retrieved from http://aripd.org/journals/rcbr/Vol_1_No_1_December_2012/1.pdf
  • Freedman, D., Pisani, R., & Purves, R. (2007). Statistics (International Student Edition). WW Norton & Co, New York.
  • Grežo, M., & Pilárik, Ľ. (2013). Anger and Moral Reasoning in Decision Making.Journal of European Psychology Students (JEPS), 4(1).
  • Halgren, K.A. (2012). Computing Inter-Rater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview and Tutorial. Tutor Quants Methods Psychol., 8(1), 23-34.
  • Hilary, G. & Hui, K. W. (2009). Does religion matter in corporate decision making in America?. Journal of Financial Economics, 93(3), 455-473.
  • Holmes, K., Marriott, L. & Randal, J. (2012). Ethics and experiments in accounting: A contribution to the debate on measuring ethical behaviour. Pacific Accounting Review, 24(1), 80-100.
  • Kahan, D. (2002). Religiosity as a determinant of physical activity: The case of Judaism. Quest, 54(2), 97-115.
  • Kavathatzopoulos, I. (2012). Assessing and Acquiring Ethical Leadership Competence. In Leadership through the Classics (pp. 389-400). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Khor, A. (2015). Towards an Integrated http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Education/2015/08/16/Towards-an-integrated- grading-system Grading System. Retrieved from
  • Kohlberg, L. (1958). The development of modes of moral thinking and choice in the years 10 to 16. University of Chicago.
  • Lajčiaková, P. (2013). Social Work Students’ Moral Judgement Competence.Special English Issue 2013, 51.
  • LaMarca, N. (2011). The Likert scale: Advantages and disadvantages. Retrieved from https://psyc450.wordpress.com/2011/12/05/the-likert-scale-advantages-and- disadvantages/
  • Levin, J. S., & Markides, K. S. (1986). Religious attendance and subjective health. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31-40.
  • Liaquat, A. W., Mall, A. & Shah, S.A. (n.d.). Religiosity, Education and Moral Judgment: A Comparative Study of University, College And Madrasah Students Of Pakistan. Retrieved from uni-konstanz.de
  • Lim, C. & MacGregor, C.A. (2012). Religion and volunteering in context disentangling the contextual effects of religion on voluntary behavior. American Sociological Review, 77(5), 747-779.
  • Löfström, E. (2012). Students' ethical awareness and conceptions of research ethics. Ethics & Behavior, 22(5), 349-361.
  • Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 (2012). Develop values-driven Malaysians. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.my/userfiles/file/PPP/Preliminary-Blueprint-Eng.pdf Malaysian Institute of http://www.iim.org.my/en/falsafah-pin Accountants (2012). NIP Philosophy. Retrieved from Malaysian Institute of http://www.iim.org.my/en/falsafah-pin Accountants (2012). NIP Philosophy. Retrieved from
  • May, D. R. & Luth, M. T. (2013). The effectiveness of ethics education: A quasi-experimental field study. Science and engineering ethics, 1-24.
  • Montgomery, D. & Walker, M. (2012). Enhancing Ethical Awareness. Gifted Child Today, 35(2), 95-101.
  • Mukhtar, M.A. (2012). Likert Scale .Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/110662255/Likert-Scale-Muhammad-Amirrul-Fahmi-Bin- Mukhtar
  • Neluvhalani, F.E. (2012). Barriers to teacher involvement in environmental education curriculum development in the Northern Province (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Nortje, M. (2010). A Case Study of Pride and Commitment in Afrikaans Speaking South African High School Teachers (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
  • Özdemir, F.K., Şahin, Z.A., Dayapoğlu, N. & Alemdar, D.K. (2015). The Effect of University Education on Moral Judgment Competence Of Nursing Students In Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dilek_Alemdar/publication/278667873
  • Padia, N., & Maroun, W. (2012). Ethics in business: The implications for the training of professional accountants in a South African setting. African Journal of Business Management, 6(32), 9274-9278
  • Patton, E. W., Hall, K. S. & Dalton, V. K. (2015). How does religious affiliation affect women's attitudes toward reproductive health policy? Implications for the Affordable Care Act. Contraception, 91(6), 513-519.
  • Phelan, C. & Wren, J. (2006). Exploring reliability in academic assessment.UNI Office of Academic Assessment.
  • Pleban, R. J., Graves, T. R., Miller, M. L., Donigian, A. M., Branciforte, J. V., & Matthews, M. D. (2011). Evaluating a Problem-Based Learning Strategy for Enhancing Ethical Awareness in Negotiation. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral And Social Sciences Fort Benning Ga Research Unit.
  • Price, T. S. (1996). Correctional education at a crossroads. Journal of Correctional Education, 116-118.
  • Rest, J. (1974). Judging the Important Issues in Moral Dilemmas- An Objective Measure of Development. Developmental Psychology, 10(4), 491-501.
  • Rest, J. R. (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. Praeger Publishers.
  • Rest, J. R. (1989). Development in judging moral issues. U of Minnesota Press
  • Saat, M., Porter, S., & Woodbine, G. (2010). The effect of ethics courses on the ethical judgement-making ability of Malaysian accounting students. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 8(2), 92-109.
  • Saat, M., Stacey, P., & Gordon, W. (2009). Does religiosity influence ethical sensitivity? An investigation on Malaysian future accountants. Malaysian Accounting Review, 8(2), 17- 41.
  • Savulescu, J., Crisp, R., Fulford, K.W. & Hope, T. (1999). Evaluating ethics competence in medical education. Journal of Medical Ethics, 25(5), 367-374.
  • Schillinger, M. (2006). Learning environment and moral development: How university education fosters moral judgment competence in Brazil and two German-speaking countries (Doctoral dissertation, Aachen: Shaker).
  • Schmidt, C.D., Davidson, K. M., & Adkins, C. (2013). Applying what works: A case for deliberate psychological education in undergraduate business ethics.Journal of Education for Business, 88(3), 127-135.
  • Self, D.J., Stramaski, A.J. & Engelhardt, J.A. (2013). Evaluation Of Changes In Moral Reasoning Skills In An Interprofessional Healthcare Ethics Course.
  • Shah, A.A. (2004). Self-Religiosity, Father’s Attitude and Religious Education in the Moral behaviour of Adolescents. Psychology of Developing Societies, 16(2), 187-207.
  • Sullivan, G.R. (2004). Enhancing Public Trust in the Accounting Profession Using Professional Judgment Rather Than Personal Judgment in Resolving Accounting Ethics Dilemmas (Doctoral dissertation, Regent University).
  • Tay, E. (2015). Malaysia to Roll Out ICGPA Programme. Retrieved from http://highered.easyuni.com/2015/08/malaysia-to-roll-ut-icgpa-programme/
  • Thiel, C.E., Connelly, S., Harkrider, L., Devenport, L.D., Bagdasarov, Z., Johnson, J.F., & Mumford, M.
  • D. (2013). Case-based knowledge and ethics education: Improving learning and transfer through emotionally rich cases. Science and engineering ethics, 19(1), 265-286.
  • Thomas, S. (2012). Ethics and Accounting Education. Issues in Accounting Education, 27(2), 399-418.
  • Titus, C., Zoltowski, C. B., Huyck, M., & Oakes, W. C. (2011). The Creation of Tools for Assessing Ethical Awareness In Diverse Multi-Disciplinary Programs. Retrieved from https://sharepoint.ecn.purdue.edu/doe/Mentoring/Shared%20Documents/1833.pdf
  • Trott, D. C. (2012). Teaching spirituality and work: A praxis-based pedagogy. Management Learning. doi: 10.1177/1350507612456501
  • Woodard, J.R. (2004). What Gets Measured, Gets Done . The Agricultural Education Magazine, 77(2), 22.
  • Wortel, E. & Bosch, J. (2011). Strengthening Moral Competence: A ‘Train The Trainer’course On Military Ethics. Journal Of Military Ethics, 10(1), 17-35.
  • Yeşilada, B., Noordijk, P., & Webster, C. (2009). Religiosity and social values of the Cypriots. Social Compass, 56(1), 15-34.
  • Yunus, S., & Abdul Rashid, M.Z. (2011). The Propensity of Applying Principled-Moral Reasoning Among Undergraduate Business Students in Malaysia. Canadian Journal on Scientific and Industrial Research, 2(8), 279-289.

Developing the moral competencies of accounting students: a case study of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Year 2016, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 55 - 83, 11.07.2016

Abstract

Two decades of financial scandals have seriously damaged the credibility of accountants as guardians of financial information. To repair this credibility, the Malaysian government released a blueprint that mandated Malaysian educational institutions to produce morally competent professionals. This study sought to assist the accounting department at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) in achieving this mandate by evaluating the moral competencies of 2nd-year students enrolled in the department. The evaluation revealed that the students' had below par levels of moral competencies in dealing with ethical dilemmas in an accounting context. The implication of these results is that IIUM's accounting department has to critically assess the ethical content of its curriculum in order to ensure that it is capable of developing the moral competencies of these students to an excellent level. Additionally, there is a need for IIUM to institutionalize the measurement of students' moral competencies so that an objective determination can be made as to how effective the department is in developing the moral competencies of its students.

References

  • Abdolmohammadi, M.J. & Baker, C.R. (2007). The relationship between moral reasoning and plagiarism in accounting courses: A replication study. Issues in Accounting Education, 22(1), 45-55.
  • Abu Bakar, N., Ismail, S. & Mamat, S. (2010). Will Graduating Year Accountancy Students Cheat in Examination? A Malaysian Case. International Education Studies, 3(3), 145- 152.
  • Accounting, Auditing, and Governance Standards for Islamic Financial Institutions, 1420H- 1999, Bahrain: AAOIFI
  • Al-Ansari, E.M. (2002). Effects of gender and education on the moral reasoning of Kuwait university students. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 30(1), 75- 82.
  • Altmyer, D., Yang, S. P., Schallenkamp, K., & DeBeaumont, R. (2011). Student ethical awareness and business program matriculation: Evidence from the US. Business Education & Administration, 3(1), 41-49.
  • Ann, H. W. (2015). ICGPA-Too Little, Too Late? Retrieved from http://www.bfm.my/current-affairs-icgpa.html
  • Bayou, M.E., Reinstein, A., & Williams, P.F. (2011). To tell the truth: A discussion of issues concerning truth and ethics in accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 36(2), 109-124.
  • Bisschoff, C.A., & Bisschoff, A. (2001). Customer service factors of a Telematic Learning BBA degree. South African journal of education, 21(4), p-228.
  • Brunier, G. & Graydon, J. (1996). A comparison of two methods of measuring fatigue in patients on chronic haemodialysis: visual analogue vs Likert scale. International journal of nursing studies, 33(3), 338-348.
  • Bosco, S.M., Melchar, D.E., Beauvais, L.L. & Desplaces, D.E. (2010). Teaching business ethics: The effectiveness of common pedagogical practices in developing students’ moral judgment competence. Ethics and Education,5(3), 263-280.
  • Chafi, R.M. (2013). The Effect of Accounting Education on Occupational Ethics. Retrieved from http://tjeas.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/3468-3474.pdf
  • Chaganti, V.K. (2012). A Study of Moral Judgment Competence among Indian Students. FedUni Journal of Higher Education, 2(1), 53-60.
  • Clipa, O. & Iorga, A.M. (2013). The role of school-family partnership on moral development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 197-203.
  • Dellaportas, S. (2006). Making a difference with a discrete course on accounting ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(4), 391-404.
  • Doyle, E. & O'Flaherty, J. (2013). The impact of education level and type on moral reasoning. Irish Educational Studies, 32(3), 377-393.
  • Eid, M. (2012). Paula S. Tompkins: Practicing Communication Ethics: Development, Discernment, and Decision Making. Journal of business ethics, 1-2.
  • Fadzly, M.N. (2010). Values and moral development of undergraduate accounting students at an Islamic university and a non-religious university in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2263/1/2010mfadzlyphd.pdf
  • Fontaine, M (2012). Integrating Narrative Fiction with Business Ethics to Enhance Moral Reasoning Applying an Ethical Framework and Case Discussion Instructional Model. Retrieved from http://aripd.org/journals/rcbr/Vol_1_No_1_December_2012/1.pdf
  • Freedman, D., Pisani, R., & Purves, R. (2007). Statistics (International Student Edition). WW Norton & Co, New York.
  • Grežo, M., & Pilárik, Ľ. (2013). Anger and Moral Reasoning in Decision Making.Journal of European Psychology Students (JEPS), 4(1).
  • Halgren, K.A. (2012). Computing Inter-Rater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview and Tutorial. Tutor Quants Methods Psychol., 8(1), 23-34.
  • Hilary, G. & Hui, K. W. (2009). Does religion matter in corporate decision making in America?. Journal of Financial Economics, 93(3), 455-473.
  • Holmes, K., Marriott, L. & Randal, J. (2012). Ethics and experiments in accounting: A contribution to the debate on measuring ethical behaviour. Pacific Accounting Review, 24(1), 80-100.
  • Kahan, D. (2002). Religiosity as a determinant of physical activity: The case of Judaism. Quest, 54(2), 97-115.
  • Kavathatzopoulos, I. (2012). Assessing and Acquiring Ethical Leadership Competence. In Leadership through the Classics (pp. 389-400). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Khor, A. (2015). Towards an Integrated http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Education/2015/08/16/Towards-an-integrated- grading-system Grading System. Retrieved from
  • Kohlberg, L. (1958). The development of modes of moral thinking and choice in the years 10 to 16. University of Chicago.
  • Lajčiaková, P. (2013). Social Work Students’ Moral Judgement Competence.Special English Issue 2013, 51.
  • LaMarca, N. (2011). The Likert scale: Advantages and disadvantages. Retrieved from https://psyc450.wordpress.com/2011/12/05/the-likert-scale-advantages-and- disadvantages/
  • Levin, J. S., & Markides, K. S. (1986). Religious attendance and subjective health. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31-40.
  • Liaquat, A. W., Mall, A. & Shah, S.A. (n.d.). Religiosity, Education and Moral Judgment: A Comparative Study of University, College And Madrasah Students Of Pakistan. Retrieved from uni-konstanz.de
  • Lim, C. & MacGregor, C.A. (2012). Religion and volunteering in context disentangling the contextual effects of religion on voluntary behavior. American Sociological Review, 77(5), 747-779.
  • Löfström, E. (2012). Students' ethical awareness and conceptions of research ethics. Ethics & Behavior, 22(5), 349-361.
  • Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 (2012). Develop values-driven Malaysians. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.my/userfiles/file/PPP/Preliminary-Blueprint-Eng.pdf Malaysian Institute of http://www.iim.org.my/en/falsafah-pin Accountants (2012). NIP Philosophy. Retrieved from Malaysian Institute of http://www.iim.org.my/en/falsafah-pin Accountants (2012). NIP Philosophy. Retrieved from
  • May, D. R. & Luth, M. T. (2013). The effectiveness of ethics education: A quasi-experimental field study. Science and engineering ethics, 1-24.
  • Montgomery, D. & Walker, M. (2012). Enhancing Ethical Awareness. Gifted Child Today, 35(2), 95-101.
  • Mukhtar, M.A. (2012). Likert Scale .Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/110662255/Likert-Scale-Muhammad-Amirrul-Fahmi-Bin- Mukhtar
  • Neluvhalani, F.E. (2012). Barriers to teacher involvement in environmental education curriculum development in the Northern Province (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Nortje, M. (2010). A Case Study of Pride and Commitment in Afrikaans Speaking South African High School Teachers (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
  • Özdemir, F.K., Şahin, Z.A., Dayapoğlu, N. & Alemdar, D.K. (2015). The Effect of University Education on Moral Judgment Competence Of Nursing Students In Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dilek_Alemdar/publication/278667873
  • Padia, N., & Maroun, W. (2012). Ethics in business: The implications for the training of professional accountants in a South African setting. African Journal of Business Management, 6(32), 9274-9278
  • Patton, E. W., Hall, K. S. & Dalton, V. K. (2015). How does religious affiliation affect women's attitudes toward reproductive health policy? Implications for the Affordable Care Act. Contraception, 91(6), 513-519.
  • Phelan, C. & Wren, J. (2006). Exploring reliability in academic assessment.UNI Office of Academic Assessment.
  • Pleban, R. J., Graves, T. R., Miller, M. L., Donigian, A. M., Branciforte, J. V., & Matthews, M. D. (2011). Evaluating a Problem-Based Learning Strategy for Enhancing Ethical Awareness in Negotiation. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral And Social Sciences Fort Benning Ga Research Unit.
  • Price, T. S. (1996). Correctional education at a crossroads. Journal of Correctional Education, 116-118.
  • Rest, J. (1974). Judging the Important Issues in Moral Dilemmas- An Objective Measure of Development. Developmental Psychology, 10(4), 491-501.
  • Rest, J. R. (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. Praeger Publishers.
  • Rest, J. R. (1989). Development in judging moral issues. U of Minnesota Press
  • Saat, M., Porter, S., & Woodbine, G. (2010). The effect of ethics courses on the ethical judgement-making ability of Malaysian accounting students. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 8(2), 92-109.
  • Saat, M., Stacey, P., & Gordon, W. (2009). Does religiosity influence ethical sensitivity? An investigation on Malaysian future accountants. Malaysian Accounting Review, 8(2), 17- 41.
  • Savulescu, J., Crisp, R., Fulford, K.W. & Hope, T. (1999). Evaluating ethics competence in medical education. Journal of Medical Ethics, 25(5), 367-374.
  • Schillinger, M. (2006). Learning environment and moral development: How university education fosters moral judgment competence in Brazil and two German-speaking countries (Doctoral dissertation, Aachen: Shaker).
  • Schmidt, C.D., Davidson, K. M., & Adkins, C. (2013). Applying what works: A case for deliberate psychological education in undergraduate business ethics.Journal of Education for Business, 88(3), 127-135.
  • Self, D.J., Stramaski, A.J. & Engelhardt, J.A. (2013). Evaluation Of Changes In Moral Reasoning Skills In An Interprofessional Healthcare Ethics Course.
  • Shah, A.A. (2004). Self-Religiosity, Father’s Attitude and Religious Education in the Moral behaviour of Adolescents. Psychology of Developing Societies, 16(2), 187-207.
  • Sullivan, G.R. (2004). Enhancing Public Trust in the Accounting Profession Using Professional Judgment Rather Than Personal Judgment in Resolving Accounting Ethics Dilemmas (Doctoral dissertation, Regent University).
  • Tay, E. (2015). Malaysia to Roll Out ICGPA Programme. Retrieved from http://highered.easyuni.com/2015/08/malaysia-to-roll-ut-icgpa-programme/
  • Thiel, C.E., Connelly, S., Harkrider, L., Devenport, L.D., Bagdasarov, Z., Johnson, J.F., & Mumford, M.
  • D. (2013). Case-based knowledge and ethics education: Improving learning and transfer through emotionally rich cases. Science and engineering ethics, 19(1), 265-286.
  • Thomas, S. (2012). Ethics and Accounting Education. Issues in Accounting Education, 27(2), 399-418.
  • Titus, C., Zoltowski, C. B., Huyck, M., & Oakes, W. C. (2011). The Creation of Tools for Assessing Ethical Awareness In Diverse Multi-Disciplinary Programs. Retrieved from https://sharepoint.ecn.purdue.edu/doe/Mentoring/Shared%20Documents/1833.pdf
  • Trott, D. C. (2012). Teaching spirituality and work: A praxis-based pedagogy. Management Learning. doi: 10.1177/1350507612456501
  • Woodard, J.R. (2004). What Gets Measured, Gets Done . The Agricultural Education Magazine, 77(2), 22.
  • Wortel, E. & Bosch, J. (2011). Strengthening Moral Competence: A ‘Train The Trainer’course On Military Ethics. Journal Of Military Ethics, 10(1), 17-35.
  • Yeşilada, B., Noordijk, P., & Webster, C. (2009). Religiosity and social values of the Cypriots. Social Compass, 56(1), 15-34.
  • Yunus, S., & Abdul Rashid, M.Z. (2011). The Propensity of Applying Principled-Moral Reasoning Among Undergraduate Business Students in Malaysia. Canadian Journal on Scientific and Industrial Research, 2(8), 279-289.
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Other ID JA42ZE27GM
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Umaru Mustapha Zubairu This is me

Publication Date July 11, 2016
Submission Date July 11, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Zubairu, U. M. (2016). Developing the moral competencies of accounting students: a case study of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 3(1), 55-83.

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