Identification of Genetic Resistance to the Crown and Root Rot Caused by Fusarium culmorum and Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera filipjevi) in the Turkish Cereal Varieties

Abstract

Soilborne pathogens associated with cereals cause significant yield losses throughout the world. Among soilborne pathogens Heterodera filipjevi and Fusarium culmorum are two main destructive causal agents that attack the roots and crowns of cereals and have been reported as the most prevalent species in Türkiye. A total of 245 Turkish cereal varieties consisting of wheat, oat, triticale and rye which were registered between 1931 to 2013; were tested for their resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Heterodera filipjevi. The varieties were screened under controlled and/or field conditions for two successive growing seasons. The bread wheat ‘Murat-1’ was the most resistant variety for both pathogens. The durum wheats ‘Yelken 2000’ and ‘Yılmaz 98’ were found the most promising varieties for resistance to F. culmorum and H. filipjevi, respectively. The triticale ‘Umranhanim’ ranked moderately resistant at adult plant stage while ‘Presto’ and ‘Melez 2001’ were ranked moderately resistant at seedling stage for Fusarium culmorum. The findings of this study are important for the global wheat breeding programs as those genotypes are still being used in crosses for new genotype development.

Keywords

• host reaction
• soil borne pathogens
• Triticum aestivum
• Triticum durum
• Turkish germplasm

Türk Tahıl Çeşitleri’nin Genetik Dayanıklılığı’nın Kökboğazı ve Kök Çürüklüğü Etmeni Fusarium culmorum ve Tahıl Kist Nematodu (Heterodera filipjevi)’ ye Karşı Belirlenmesi

Öz

Tahıllar ile ilişkili toprak kökenli patojenler Dünya genelinde önemli verim kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Toprak kökenli patojenler içinde Heterodera filipjevi ve Fusarium culmorum tahılların kök ve kökboğazı’ na saldıran iki ana yıkıcı etmendir ve Türkiye' de en yaygın türler olarak rapor edilmiştir. 1931-2013 yılları arasında tescil edilmiş buğday, yulaf, tritikale ve çavdardan oluşan toplam 245 Türk tahıl çeşidi; Fusarium culmorum ve Heterodera filipjevi' ye karşı dayanıklılıkları için test edilmişlerdir. Çeşitler, iki ardışık büyüme sezonu boyunca kontrollü ve/veya tarla koşullarında taranmışlardır. Ekmeklik buğday 'Murat-1' her iki patojen için de en dayanıklı çeşit olarak belirlenmiştir. Durum buğdayı 'Yelken 2000' ve 'Yılmaz 98' sırasıyla F. culmorum ve H. filipjevi'ye karşı dayanıklılık açısından en umut verici çeşitler olarak bulunmuşlardır. Tritikale 'Presto' ve 'Melez 2001' fide aşamasında Fusarium culmorum’ a karşı orta derecede dayanıklı iken 'Umranhanim' yetişkin bitki döneminde orta derecede dayanıklı olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, bu genotiplerin yeni genotip geliştirilmesi için melezlemede hala kullanılması nedeniyle küresel buğday ıslah programları için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• konukçu reaksiyonu
• toprak kökenli patojenler
• Triticum aestivum
• Triticum durum
• Türk genotipi

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