Muz Atıkları Kompostunun Toprağın Azot ve Fosfor ile İlişkili Enzimatik Aktiviteleri Üzerine Kısa Süreli Etkisinin İzlenmesi

Öz

Muz üretim alanlarında her yıl yapılan muz bakımı sonrası çok miktarda bitki budama atığı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu atık malzeme önemli miktarlarda organik madde ve besin içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, muz atıkları kompostlandıktan (MAK) sonra hem tek başına hem de leonardit (LT) ve melas kompostu (MK) ile karıştırılarak toprağa uygulanmıştır. Yapılan uygulamalar şunlardır: Kontrol (K), tek başına muz atığı kompostu (MAK-2: 2 t da-1; MAK-4: 4 t da-1; MAK-8: 8 t da-1), tek başına leonardit (LT: tavsiye edilen doz), muz atığı kompostu ile leonardit (MAK-2+LT; MAK-4+LT; MAK-8+LT), tek başına melas kompostu (MK), muz atığı kompostu ile melas kompostu (MAK-2+MK; MAK-4+MK; MAK-8+MK). Sonrasında azot (NH4+NO3) ve fosfor (alınabilir P) ile ilişkili enzimlerin (üreaz ve alkali fosfataz) aktivitelerindeki değişimler belirli günlerde (0., 10., 20., 40., 80.) alınan toprak örneklerinde yapılan analizler vasıtasıyla izlenmiştir. Bu sürede toprağın pH ve EC değerleri de ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; leonardit ile kombine edilen muz atığı kompostunun genel olarak toprağın pH, EC, değişebilir NH4-NO3, alınabilir P, üreaz ve alkali fosfataz aktivitesini diğer uygulamalara göre olumlu yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, kontrole göre toprağın üreaz aktivitesi % 875, alkali fosfataz aktivitesi % 149, değişebilir NH4+NO3 kapsamı % 188, alınabilir P kapsamı % 83, EC değeri % 100 oranında artmıştır. pH değeri ise yaklaşık % 5 oranında azalmıştır. Sonuçta, leonardit ile kombine edilen muz atığı kompostunun toprak iyileştiricisi olarak en az 4 t da-1 olacak şekilde uygulanmasının ekonomik olacağı ve bu uygulamadan 10 ila 20 gün sonra toprakta azot, fosfor yarayışlılığının artacağı ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Organik atık
• organik madde
• toprak enzimleri
• toprak kalitesi

Monitoring the Short-Term Effect of Banana Waste Compost on the Enzymatic Activities of Soil Associated with Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Abstract

A large amount of plant pruning waste occurs after annual care in banana production areas. This waste material contains significant amounts of organic substances and nutrients. In this study, banana waste compost (BWC) was applied to the soil both alone and in mixture with leonardite (LT) and vinasse compost (VC). Treatments include: control (CL), banana waste compost alone (BWC-2: 2 t da-1; BWC-4: 4 t da-1; BWC-8: 8 t da-1), leonardite alone (LT: the recommended application rate), leonardite with banana waste compost (BWC-2+LT; BWC-4+LT; BWC-8+LT), vinasse compost alone (VC: the recommended application rate), vinasse compost with banana waste compost (BWC-2+VC; BWC-4+VC; BWC-8+VC). Afterwards, the changes in the activities of nitrogen (NH4+NO3) and phosphorus (available P) related enzymes (urease and alkaline phosphatase) were monitored through analyzes made on soil samples taken on certain days (0th, 10th, 20th, 40th, 80th). During this period, the pH and EC values of the soil were also measured. According to the results obtained; it was determined that banana waste compost combined with leonardite generally positively affects the pH, EC, exchangeable NH4-NO3 and, available P of the soil, as well as the activity of urease and alkaline phosphatase compared to other treatments. In this regard, according to the control, the urease activity of the soil increased by 875%, the alkaline phosphatase activity by 149%, the exchangeable NH4+NO3 by 188%, available P by 83%, and the EC value by 100%. However, the pH value decreased by about 5%. As a result, it can be stated that the application of banana waste compost combined with leonardite as a soil conditioner at least 4 t da-1 will be economical and 10 to 20 days after this application, nitrogen and phosphorus availability will increase in the soil.

Keywords

• Organic waste
• organic matter
• soil enzymes
• soil quality

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