The Effect of Different Organic Fertilizer Treatments on Yield, Fruit Quality, Plant Growth and Nutrition in Strawberry Production

Abstract

Thanks to the recent trends in health awareness, there has been an increasing demand for quality organic fruits. In this respect, due to their nutritional values and health benefits, the significance of strawberries has been much recognized, indicating a need for research on plant nutrition to enhance yield and product quality in organic strawberry production. Therefore, this study scrutinized the optimization of plant nutrition products readily available in the market with a license for organic agriculture on high productivity and crop quality in organic strawberry cultivation. The study investigated five different treatments, including 1) No fertilizer (control), 2) Solid vermicompost from the bottom (Ekosolfarm)+Liquid vermicompost from the top (Ekosolfarm), 3) Solid farm manure from the bottom (Biofarm)+Liquid humic-fulvic acid from the top (Botanica), 4) Solid farm manure from the bottom (Biofarm)+Liquid humic-fulvic acid from the top (Botanica)+Microbial liquid fertilizer from the top (Biosupp Ultron), 5) Solid vermicompost from the bottom (Ekosolfarm)+Liquid vermicompost from the top (Ekosolfarm)+Microbial liquid fertilizer from the top (Biosupp Ultron). In addition, plant growth parameters, yield per plant, fruit weight (g), pH, TSS, Acidity, TSS / Acid, and plant nutrient contents were studied to determine the effects of treatments on fruit yield and quality. As a result of the study, the highest total yield (242.96 g plant-1), the largest fruits (18.43 g), the lowest acidity value, the longest root, the thickest stem and the best nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents in the leaves were obtained with the treatment of no. 5 that is "Solid vermicompost from the bottom (Ekosolfarm) + Liquid vermicompost (Ekosolfarm ) from the top + Microbial liquid fertilizer (Biosupp Ultron) from the top ".

Keywords

• Fragariaxananassa duch,
• Vemicompost,
• organic manure
• yield
• fruit quality

Çilek Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Organik Gübre Uygulamalarının Verim, Meyve Kalitesi, Bitki Büyümesi ve Beslenmesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Çileğin besin değeri ve sağlık açısından faydalarından dolayı her geçen yıl önemi daha fazla anlaşılmaktadır. Sağlık bilinciyle insanların kaliteli organik meyvelere olan talepleri artmaktadır. Organik çilek üretiminde verim ve ürün kalitesini artırıcı bitki besleme konularında araştırmaların artırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, piyasada kolayca bulunabilen organik tarıma ruhsatlı bitki besleme ürünlerinin, yüksek verimlilik ve üründe kalite için organik çilek yetiştiriciliğinde bitki beslenme optimizasyonu hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada 1) Gübresiz (kontrol), 2) Katı solucan gübresi taban (Ekosolfarm)+Sıvı solucan gübresi üstten (Ekosolfarm), 3) Katı çiftlik gübresi taban (Biofarm)+Sıvı hümik-fülvik asit üstten (Botanica), 4) Katı çiftlik gübresi taban (Biofarm)+Sıvı hümik-fülvik asit üstten (Botanica)+Mikrobiyal sıvı gübre üstten (Biosupp Ultron), 5) Katı solucan gübresi taban (Ekosolfarm)+Sıvı solucan gübresi üstten (Ekosolfarm)+Mikrobiyal sıvı gübre üstten (Biosupp Ultron). Çalışmada, uygulamaların meyve verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla bitki büyüme parametreleri, bitki başına verim, meyve ağırlığı(g), pH, SÇKM, Asitlik, SÇKM /Asit, bitki besin elementi içerikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda uygulamalar içerisinde en yüksek toplam verim (242.96 g bitki-1), en iri meyveler (18.43 g), en düşük asitlik değeri, en uzun kök, en kalın gövde ve yaprakta en iyi azot, fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum ve magnezyum içerikleri, 5 nolu “Katı solucan gübresi taban(Ekosolfarm)+Sıvı solucan gübresi üstten (Ekosolfarm)+Mikrobiyal sıvı gübre üstten (Biosupp Ultron)” uygulamasından elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fragariaxananassa Duch,
• Vermikompost,
• organik gübre
• verim
• meyve kalitesi

References

1. Adak, N., Gübbük, H., & Pekmezci, M. (2003). Bazı çilek çeşitlerinin Antalya koşullarında örtü altında yetiştirme olanakları üzerinde araştırmalar. Türkiye IV. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Antalya, 313-315.
2. Alkharpotly, A., Mohamed, R., Shehata, M., & Awad, A. (2017). Impact of soil humic acid soil application and seaweed extract foliar spray on growth, yield, and fruits quality of strawberry plants grown under Aswan conditions. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 8(6), 307-315.
3. Almli, V. L., Asioli, D., & Rocha, C. (2019). Organic consumer choices for nutrient labels on dried strawberries among different health attitude segments in Norway, Romania, and Turkey. Nutrients, 11(12), 2951. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122951
4. Anonymous. (2022a): https://www.camli.com.tr/urunler
5. Anonymous. (2022b): https://www.ekosol.net/urunler_menu
6. Balcı, G. (2012). Organik çilek yetiştiriciliğinde farklı organik atıkların verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri [Doktora tezi Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
7. Beer, K., & Singh, A. K. (2015). Effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on strawberry: Chlorophyll and nutrients concentration in leaves. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 17(2), 211-14.
8. Çay, S., & Kaynaş, K. (2016). Leonardit uygulamasının Albion ve Sweet Ann çilek çeşitlerinde bitki gelişimi ve verime etkileri. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 13-19.

9. Çiylez, S., & Eşitken, A. (2018). Mikoriza ve BBAR uygulamalarının çilekte büyüme üzerine etkileri. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 32(3), 361-365. https://doi.org/10.15316/SJAFS.2018.107
10. Develi, E. A., Yavuz, A., & Erdoğan, Ü. (2021). Vermikompost uygulamalarının San Andreas (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) çilek çeşidinin bazı verim ve kalite değerlerine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(sp),2641-2648. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9isp.2641-2648.4950
11. El-Miniawy, S. M., Ragab, M. E., Youssef, S. M., & Metwally, A. A. (2014). Influence of foliar spraying of seaweed extract on growth, yield and quality of strawberry plants. Journal Of Applied Sciences Research 10(2), February, Pages: 88-94. http://www.aensiweb.com/jasr.html
12. Eshghi, S., & Garazhian, M. (2015). Improving growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry by foliar and soil drench applications of humic acid. Iran Agricultural Research, 34(1), 14-20.
13. FAO (2022). The Food and Agriculture Organization oft he United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
14. Geçer, M. K. (2020). Humik asit uygulamalarının bazı çilek çeşitlerinin meyve verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.654533
15. Gupta, A. K., & Tripathi, V. K. (2012). Efficacy of Azotobacter and vermicompost alone and in combination on vegetative growth, flowering and yield of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler. Progressive Horticulture, 44(2), 256-261.
16. Hassan, A. H. (2015). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels in the form of organic, inorganic and bio fertilizer applications on growth, yield and quality of strawberry. Middle East J. Appl. Sci, 5(2), 604-617.
17. İpek, M., Pırlak, L., Eşitken, A., Figen Dönmez, M., Turan, M., & Şahin, F. (2014). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increase yield, growth and nutrition of strawberry under high-calcareous soil conditions. Journal of plant nutrition, 37(7), 990-1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.881857
18. Jain, N., & Kumar, A. (2021). Influence of INM on soil physical and chemical property before and after harvesting of strawberry cv. sweet Charlie. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(1), 2347-2350.
19. Jain, N., Mani, A., Kumari, S., Kasera, S., & Bahadur, V. (2017). Influence of INM on yield, quality, shelf life and economics of cultivation of strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) cv. Sweet Charlie. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5), 1178-1181.
20. Jones, J.B. (2001). Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. CRC Press pp 384
21. Jones, J.R., Wolf, B., & Mills, H.A.(1991): Plant Analysis Handbook. Micro Macro Publishhing,Inc. ISBN 13: 9781878148001
22. Kumar, L., Kumar, S., Singh, R., Singh, V., Yadav, S., & Maurya, S. K. (2020). A Review on effect of organic manure and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of strawberry. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci, 8(2), 127-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8000
23. Kumar, N., Ram, R. B & Mishra, P. K. (2015). Effect of vermicompost and Azotobacter on quality parameters of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Sweet Charlie. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 5(4), 269-276.
24. Kumar, P., Sharma, N., Sharma, S., & Gupta, R. (2020). Rizosphere stochiometry, fruit yield, quality attibutes and growth response to PGPR transplant amendments in strawberry( Fragariaxananassa Duch.) growing on solarized soils. Sciente Horticulture,265,109215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109215
25. Kurze, E., Kock, V., Lo Scalzo, R., Olbricht, K., & Schwab, W. (2018). Effect of the strawberry genotype, cultivation and processing on the Fra a 1 allergen content. Nutrients, 10(7), 857. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070857
26. Muthukumaran, S., Tranchant, C., Shi, J., Ye, X., & Xue, S. J. (2017). Ellagic acid in strawberry (Fragaria spp.): Biological, technological, stability, and human health aspects. Food Quality and Safety, 1(4), 227-252. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyx023
27. Negi, Y. K., Sajwan, P., Uniyal, S., & Mishra, A. C. (2021). Enhancement in yield and nutritive qualities of strawberry fruits by the application of organic manures and biofertilizers. Scientia Horticulturae, 283, 110038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110038
28. Olle, M. (2019). Vermicompost, its importance and benefit in agricultur. Agraarteadus | Journal of Agricultural Science 2, 93–98. https://doi.org/10.15159/jas.19.19
29. Özdemir, E., Gündüz, K., & Bayazit, S. (2001). Tüplü taze fideyle yüksek tünelde yetiştirilen bazı çilek çeşitlerinin amik ovası koşullarında verim, kalite ve erkencilik durumlarının belirlenmesi. Bahçe 30(1-2), 65-70.
30. Petran, A., Hoover, E., Hayes, L., & Poppe, S. (2017). Yield and quality characteristics of day-neutral strawberry in the United States Upper Midwest using organic practices. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 33(2), 73-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2016.1188152
31. Pradeep, B., & Saravanan, S. (2018). Effect of different biofertilizers and organic manures on yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 151-155.
32. Rashid, M. H. A. (2018). Optimisation of growth yield and quality of Strawberry cultivars through organic farming. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 11(1-2), 121-129.
33. Sahana, B. J., Madaiah, D., Shivakumar, B. S., Sridhara, S., & Pradeep, S. (2020). Influence of organic manures on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa Duch.) under naturally ventilated polyhouse. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(5), 3284-3287.
34. Soni, S., Kanawjia, A., Chaurasiya, R., Chauhan, P.S., Kumar, R., & Dubey, S. (2018). Effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) cv. Sweet Charlie. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2, 128-132.
35. Şener, S., & Türemiş, N. F. (2016). Effects of several cultıvars. mulch and fertilizer applications on plant growth and development criteria and plant's nutrition elements uptake in organic strawberry plantation in Nevşehir city. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 6(11), 221-228. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2016.6.11/1005.11.221.228
36. Şener, S., & Türemiş, N. F. (2017). Influence of mulch types on yield and quality of organically grown strawberry cultivars. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 66-72.
37. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, 2022. Bitkisel-Uretim/Organik Tarim/Istatistikler, 2022.
38. Tripathi, V. K., Kumar, S., Kumar, K., Kumar, S., & Dubey, V. (2016). Influence of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB on vegetative growth, flowering, yield and quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. Progressive Horticulture, 48(1), 48-52. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-5258.2016.00009.9
39. Türemiş, N. (2003). Yeni Bazı Çilek Çeşitlerinin Kıbrıs Koşullarındaki Adaptasyonu. KKTC/TAGEP 5.2.3.4 Nolu Proje Sonuç Raporu.
40. Türemiş, N., & Ağaoğlu, Y. S. (2013): Üzümsü Meyveler, II. Bölüm. Ağaoğlu, S., Gerçekcioğlu, R. (eds.) Tomurcuk Bağ Ltd. Şti. Education Publications 1, 55-100.
41. Türemiş, N., & Kaşka, N. (1995). Çileklerde kol bitkisi üretimi üzerine ana bitkileri üç bölgede farklı tarihlerde dikilmesinin etkileri. Tr. J. Of Agriculture and Foresty, 19, 457-463.
42. Vuković, A., Velki, M., Ečimović, S., Vuković, R., Štolfa Čamagajevac, I., & Lončarić, Z. (2021). Vermicomposting—Facts, Benefits and Knowledge Gaps. Agronomy, 11(10), 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101952