Kestane Meyve Çürüklüğünde Fungal Floranın Rolü

Öz

Meyve çürüklüğüne neden olan fungusları belirlemek için, Düzce ilinde bulunan kestane ormalarından 150 adet kestane meyvesi toplanmıştır. Toplanan meyvelerin 98 tanesinde farklı ölçülerde nekrozlar görülmüş olup, 52 adedinin ise semptomsuz olduğu gözlenmiştir. Nekrozlu meyveden 12 farklı fungus tespit edilirken, sağlıklı meyvelerden 4 farklı fungus tespit edilmiştir. Nekrozlu meyvede en sık rastlanan fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (24) olmuştur. Ayrıca semptom göstermeyen 5 meyveden de bu fungus izole edilmiştir. Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi’nin yanısıra, nekrozlu meyvelerden Diplodina castanea (1), Botrytis cinerea (6), Aureobasidium sp. (4), Alternaria alternata (2), Alternaria tenuissima (1), Penicillium spp. (19), Trichoderma sp. (12), Cladosporium sp. (2), Cylindrocarpon sp. (2), Mucor sp. (10), Rhizopus stolonifer (5) olmak üzere 11 fungus izole edilmiş ve bakteriyel gelişmeler tespit edilmiştir. Semptomsuz meyvelerde ise G. smithogilvyi (5), Penicillium sp. (9), Trichoderma sp. (6), Mucor sp. (3) ve bakteriyel gelişmeler tespit edilmiştir. Meyvelerden izole edilen G. smithogilvyi, D. castanea, B. cinerea, Cladosporium sp. ve Penicillim sp. olmak üzere 5 türün patojenitesi yapılmış olup, meyvede patojen olduğu saptanmıştır. Penicillium sp. diğer türlere göre az da olsa patojenite göstermiştir. Semptomsuz meyveden yapılan fungus izolasyonunda ise en sık tespit edilen Penicillium sp. (9) olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Castanea sativa
• meyve çürüklüğü
• fungal flora

Role of the Fungal Flora on Kernel Rot of Chestnuts

Abstract

In order to determine the fungi causing kernel rot on chestnut, 150 chestnut kernels were collected from chestnut forests of Düzce province. Ninety-eight of the kernels showed necrosis at various sizes, while the rest of 52 were healthy in appearance. Twelve fungi were recovered from the necrotic kernels, while four from the healthy kernels. The most frequently isolated fungus from the necrotic kernels was Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, obtained from 24 of the kernels. It was also isolated from 5 healthy kernels and produced necrosis when inoculated on the intact kernels. Besides G. smithogilvyi; 11 fungi; Diplodina castanea (1), Botrytis cinerea (6), Aureobasidium sp. (4), Alternaria alternata (2), Alternaria tenuissima (1), Penicillium spp. (19), Trichoderma sp. (12), Cladosporium sp. (2), Cylindrocarpon sp. (2), Mucor sp. (10), Rhizopus stolonifer (5) and bacterial growth were also recovered from necrotic kernels. On the other hand, G. smithogilvyi (5), Penicillium sp. (9), Trichoderma sp. (6), Mucor sp. (3) and bacterial growth were also found out from the symptomless kernels. G. smithogilvyi, D. castanea, B. cinerea, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. produced necrosis at varying rates when inoculated on to intact kernels. Compared to other species, Penicillium sp. showed the lowest rate of pathogenicity, which was the dominant fungus on the healthy fruits and recovered from 9 of them.

Keywords

• Castanea sativa
• chestnut rot
• fungal flora

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