Reactions of Short, Intermediate and Long Day Onion Genotypes in Turkish National Onion Breeding Program to Fusarium Basal Rot Disease

Abstract

Onion basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) disease exerts serious threats on global onion (Allium cepa L.) production and trade. Present breeding programs mostly focus on development of cultivars resistant to onion basal rot disease. Characterization of breeding material in breeding gene pool is the first step of breeding. This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of 4 onion cultivars, 30 long-day, 1 intermediate-day and 21 short-day onion genotypes to onion basal rot disease. Significant differences were seen in disease susceptibility of the genotypes (P<0.01 ) in both onion seedling and bulb tests. Onion seedling and bulb tests revealed that resistance was not detected in short and intermediate-day onion genotypes and cultivars, while two of long-day onion genotypes (ACLD 7 and 8) were found to be tolerant. Based on present finding, 3 cultivars, 28 long-day, 1 intermediate-day and 21 short-day genotypes were identified as sensitive. ACLD 7 and 8 long-day onion genotypes, which were identified as promising in seedling tests, were also identified as tolerant in bulb tests and such findings proved the compliance of seedling and bulb tests. Bulbs were obtained from the long-day onion lines (ACLD 7-8 genotypes) that were found to be promising and survived in seedling tests and seeds were obtained from these genotypes to ensure progress of generation and they were included in breeding gene pool.

Keywords

• Onion
• Allium cepa L.
• onion basal rot
• reaction

Türkiye Ulusal Soğan Islahı Programı Kısa, Orta ve Uzun Gün Soğan Genotiplerinin Soğan Dip Çürüklük Hastalığına Karşı Reaksiyonları

Öz

Soğan dip çürüklüğü (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) küresel soğan (Allium cepa L.) üretimi ve ticaretini ciddi şekilde tehdit etmektedir. Islahçılar tarafından soğan ıslah programı oluşturulurken soğan dip çürüklüğüne dayanıklı çeşit geliştirmek öncelikli konular arasındadır. Islah gen havuzundaki materyalin karakterize edilerek özelliklerinin ortaya konulması ıslahın birinci basamağıdır. Bu çalışmada 4 adet soğan çeşidi ile 30 adet uzun gün, 1 adet orta gün ve 21 adet kısa gün soğan genotiplerinin soğan dip çürüklüğü hastalığına karşı hassasiyetlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Hem fide testi hem de olgun soğan testi aşamalarında hastalık duyarlılığı (P< 0.01 ) bakımından genotipler arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Soğan fide testi ile olgun soğan testleri sonucunda kısa ve orta gün soğan genotip ve çeşitlerinde dayanıklılık tespit edilmezken uzun gün soğan genotiplerinden iki tanesi (ACLD 7 ve 8) tolerant olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan 3 çeşit, 28 adet uzun gün, 1 adet orta gün ve 21 adet kısa gün genotip ise hassas olarak belirlenmiştir. Fide testi aşamasında ümitvar olarak belirlenen ACLD 7 ve 8 numaralı uzun gün soğan genotipleri aynı şekilde soğan baş testi çalışmasında da tolerant olarak bulunmuş fide testi ile soğan baş testi sonuçları birbirini teyit etmiştir. Soğan fide testinde sağ kalan fidelerden ümitvar olarak bulunan uzun gün soğan hatlarından (ACLD 7-8 numaralı genotipler) baş elde edilmiş, elde edilen başlardan da tohum elde edilerek generasyon ilerlemesi sağlanmış ve ıslah gen havuzuna dahil edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soğan
• Allium cepa L.
• soğan dip çürüklüğü
• reaksiyon

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