Investigation of the Soil Properties in the Habitat of the Local Endemic Taxon Verbascum yurtcuranianum

Abstract

Verbascum yurtkuranianum is a locally endemic species distributed in Ericek province of Gürsu District of Bursa Province. In research, the element contents and soil properties of soil samples from 5 different locations where the V. yurtkuranianum taxon naturally spread were analyzed and they were correlated with the number of individuals in the locations. The soil properties in locations were determined to be clayey, low-medium calcareous, and moderately rich in organic matter. In this study dated 2023, it was determined that the total number of individuals with flowers or rosette leaves in 5 populations of V. yurtkuranianum naturally spread in Ericek location was 235, 216 of them had rosette leaves and 19 of them had flowers. The highest number of individuals with rosette leaves was found in location V, and the highest number of individuals with flowers was found in location I. At the same time, it was observed that the total number of individuals was highest in the region between the road and the shore of the pond located on the southeastern shore of Ericek province, which is the location V. considering that V. yurtkuranianum, a locally endemic species, is at risk due to human activities, we believe that the results obtained will provide important findings for the conservation studies of the species.

Keywords

• Biological diversity
• Bursa
• Local Endemic
• Soil Properties
• Verbascum yurtkuranianum

Lokal Endemik Verbascum yurtkuranianum Taksonunun Yetiştiği Alandaki Toprak Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Verbascum yurtkuranianum Bursa İli, Gürsu İlçesi, Ericek köyü’nde bulunan lokal endemik bir türdür. Araştırmada, V. yurtkuranianum taksonunun doğal yayılış gösterdiği Ericek köyü mevkiinde 5 farklı lokasyona ait toprak örneklerinin element içerikleri ve toprak özellikleri analiz edilmiş olup lokasyonlarda bulunan birey sayılarıyla da ilişkilendirilmiştir. Lokasyonlardaki toprak özelliklerinin; killi, az-orta kireçli, organik madde açısından ise orta-zengin özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir. 2023 yılına ait bu çalışmada V. yurtkuranianum’un Ericek mevkinde doğal yayılış gösterdiği 5 popülasyonundaki çiçekli veya rozet yapraklı birey sayılarının 235 olduğu, bunlardan 216 tanesinin rozet yapraklı, 19 tanesinin ise çiçekli bireyler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Rozet yapraklara sahip bireylerin V. lokasyonda en yüksek sayıda, çiçekli bireylerin ise I. lokasyonda en yüksek sayıda bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda toplam birey sayısının V. lokasyon olan Ericek Göleti'nin güneydoğu kıyısında yer alan Gölet kıyısı ile yol arasındaki bölgede en yüksek sayıda olduğu gözlenmiştir. Lokal endemik bir tür olan V.m yurtkuranianum’un insan faaliyetleri nedeniyle risk altında olduğu düşünüldüğünde, elde edilen sonuçların, türün koruma çalışmaları için önemli bulgular sağlayacağı kanısındayız.

Keywords

• Biyolojik çeşitlilik
• Bursa
• Lokal Endemik
• Soil Properties
• Verbascum yurtkuranianum

References

1. Akpınar, A. (2017). Studies on the enzymatic activities of Verbascum olympicum boiss. under heavy metal stress conditions [Doctoral dissertation], Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye.
2. Allison, L.E., & Moode, C.D. (1965). Carbonate. (ed: C.A. Black). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Agronomy Series. No. 9. ASA. p. 1379-1396. Wisconsin.
3. Anonim, (2016). Gök Sığırkuyruğu (V. yurtkuranium) type of action plan. T. C. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks.
4. Aytaç, Z., & Duman, H. (2012). Verbascum hasbenlii (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36(4), 322-327.
5. Bani, B., Adıgüzel, N., & Karavelioğulları, F. A. (2010). A new species (Verbascum turcicum sp. nov., Scrophulariaceae) from South Anatolia. Annales Botanici Fennici, 47(6), 489–492. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.047.0608
6. Bouyoucos, G.J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465.
7. Bremner, J.M. (1965). Total nitrogen. In C.A. Black et al. (ed.) Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Agronomy. American Society of Agronomy. Inc., p. 1149-1178. Madison, Wisconsin 9.
8. Cabi, E., Cıngay, B., Demir, O., & Dumlu, C. (2022). Evaluation of Soil and Climatic Properties of Rivasığırkuyruğu (Verbascum bugulifolium Lam.) Species. Herbarium Turcicum, 15-23.

9. Collen, B., Pettorelli, N., Baillie, J., E., M., & Durant, S. M. (2013). Biodiversity monitoring and conservation: bridging the Gap Between Global Commitment and local action. In B. Collen, N. Pettorelli, J. E. M. Baillie, & S. M. Durant (Eds.), (pp. 456). Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Press, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118490747.ch11
10. Çıngay, B., & Karavelioğulları, F. A. (2016). A new species of Verbascum, V. nihatgoekyigitii (Scrophulariaceae), from southeastern Anatolia. Phytotaxa, 269(4), 287-293. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.4.4
11. Duman, H., Uzunhisarcıklı, M., E., & Tan, K. (2017). Verbascum mughlaeum (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from SW Anatolia. Phytotaxa, 291, 231–236. https://doi.org/10.11646/ phytotaxa.291.3.8
12. Dong, X., Mkala, E. M., Mutinda, E. S., Yang, J-X., Wanga, V. O., Oulo, M. A., Onjolo, V. O., Hu, G. V. & Wang, Q-F. (2022). Taxonomy, comparative genomics of Mullein (Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Verbascum and Lamiales. BMC Genomics 23, 566. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022- 08799-9
13. Erdoğan, E., Kaynak, G., Daşkın, R., & Yılmaz, O. (2011). The Vascular flora of Katırlı Mountain (Bursa, Türkiye), Biological Diversity and Conservation, 4(1), 159-181.
14. Erken, K. (2021). Investigation of vegetative properties and generative production of the potential ornamental and narrow endemic species Verbascum yurtkuranianum (Scrophulariaceae) for ex situ conservation. BioResources, 16(4), 7530-7549.
15. Erken, K., Parlak, S., & Yılmaz, M. (2022). Protection of endemic taxon’s and species conservation action plans. Tree and Forest, 3(1), 33-46.
16. Fırat, M. (2022). Verbascum zerdust (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Bitlis province (Türkiye) belonging to section Bothrosperma. Nordic Journal of Botany, https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03649
17. Fırat, M. (2017a). Verbascum gimgimense (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Muş province (Türkiye). Phytotaxa, 291(3), 209-216.
18. Fırat, M. (2017b). Verbascum golawanense (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Van, Türkiye. Phytotaxa, 305(1), 21-28.
19. Hilooğlu, M. & Sözen, E. (2017). Investigation of rare endemic Verbascum alyssifolium boiss. In terms of soil-plant relationship. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology C- Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 6(1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.18036/aubtdc.291670
20. Hilooğlu, M., Yücel, E., Kandemir, A., & Sözen, E. (2017). Soil-plant relationships for endemic Teucrium leucophyllum Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham (Lamiaceae). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 20(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksu-dbd.17466
21. Karavelioğulları, F. A. (2012). Verbascum L. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, M. T. Babaç, (ed.), List of Turkish Plants (Vascular Plants). (pp. 850-870) Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden and Flora Research Association Publication.
22. Karavelioğulları, F. A., Yüce, E., & Başer, B. (2014). Verbascum duzgunbabadagensis (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia, Phytotaxa, 181, 47–53. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.1.3
23. Laliberte, E., Zemunik, G., & Turner, B. L. (2014). Environmental filtering explains variation in plant diversity along resource gradients. Science, 345, 1602-1605. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256330
24. Knapp, W., M., Frances, A., Noss, R., Navzi, R., F., C., Weakley, A., Gann, G., D., Baldwin, B., G., Miller, J., Mcintyre, B., & Mishler, B. D. (2020). Vascular plant extinction in the continental United States and Canada. Conservation Biology, 35(1), 360-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13621
25. Le Roux, J., J., Hui, C., Castillo, M., L., İriondo, J., M., Keet, J.-H., Khapugin, A., A., Medail, F., Rejmanek, M., Theron, G., Yannelli, F., A., & Hirsch, H. (2019). Recent antropogenic plant extinctions differ in biodiversity hotspots and coldspots. Current Biology, 29(17), 2912-2918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.063
26. Lindsay, W.L. & Norvell, W.A. (1978). Development of a dtpa soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421-428.
27. Motsara, M., & Roy, R., N. (2008). Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient analysis. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
28. Muller, C. (2015). Plant-soil relations on gypsum and non-gypsum soils of the Chihuahuan Desert. 75. (John Carroll University Carroll Collected) Senior Honors Projects. https://collected.jcu.edu/honorspapers/75
29. Nelson, D.W., & Sommers, L. (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Migrobiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No.9 (2 nd Ed.) ASA-SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 539-579.
30. Nic Lughadha, E., Bachman, S. P., Leão, T. C. C., Forest, F., Halley, J. M., Moat, J., Acedo, C., Bacon, K. L., Brewer, R. F. A., Gâteblé, G., Gonçalves, S. C., Govaerts, R., Hollingsworth, P. M., Krisai-Greilhuber, I., de Lirio, E. J., Moore, P. G. P., Negrão, R., Onana, J. M., Rajaovelona, L. R., & Walker, B. E. (2020). Extinction risk and threats to plants and fungi. Plants, People, Planet, 2, 389-408. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10146
31. Özbucak, T., Akçin Ö.E., Öztürk, Ş., & Uzunömeroğlu, H.Ü. (2022). An eco-biological study on the localy endemic species Alchemilla orduensis B. Pawl. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(Ek Sayı 2), 342-351. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1092090
32. Pansu, M., & Gautheyrou, J. (2006). Handbook of Soil Analysis. Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods. Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 993. Cambridge University Press.
33. Rice, S.A. (2012). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Facts On File, Inc. New York.
34. Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline alkali soils, Agriculture, 160, Handbook 60. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC.
35. Rhoades, J.D. (1996). Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. SSSA Book Ser. 5. SSSA, p. 417-435. Madison, WI.Soysal, D. (2012). Opinions of primary and high school students on the decline of biodiversity. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir.
36. Ulukuş, D., Tugay, O., & Sağlam, C. (2020). Verbascum seydisehirense (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Konya, Central Türkiye. Phytotaxa, 450(2), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.8
37. Walkley, A.J. & Black, I.A. (1934) Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38.
38. Watanabe, F.S., & Olsen, S.R. 1965. Test of an ascorbic acid method for determining phosphorus in water and NaHCO3 extracts from soil. Soil Science Society of America, Porc., 29, 677-678.