Demir Madeni Çevresinde Yayılış Gösteren Buğdaygil Yem Bitkisi Türlerinin Ağır Metal İçeriklerinin ve Fitoremediasyon Kapasitelerinin İncelenmesi: Bingöl-Avnik Örneği (Türkiye)

Öz

Bu çalışmada Bingöl ili, Genç ilçesinde bulunan Avnik demir madeninin çevresindeki doğal alanlarda yayılış gösteren buğdaygil yem bitkileri türlerinin ağır metal içeriklerinin araştırılması ve fitoremediasyon kapasitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda buğdaygiller familyasına ait (Poa bulbosa L., Bromus tectorum L., Aegilops neglecta, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Stipa capensis) 5 farklı tür toplanmıştır. Bitkilerin kök, gövde, yaprak ve generatif kısımlarında alüminyum (Al), kobalt (Co), krom (Cr), bakır (Cu), demir (Fe), nikel (Ni), mangan (Mn) ve çinko (Zn) içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Translokasyon Faktörü (TF) ve Biyokonsantrasyon faktörü (BCF) hesaplanmıştır. B. tectorum’da TFCr, Mn, Ni>1, P. bulbosa ve S. capensis’te TFCu>1, A. neglecta ve C. pseudophragmites’te TFMn>1 olarak belirlenmesinden dolayı bu türlerin fitoekstraksiyonda potansiyel bir rolü olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Özellikle Cr metalinde, P. bulbosa, A. neglecta ve S. capensis için BCFkök>15 olduğundan bu türlerin fitostabilizasyonda (Cr) kullanılma durumları güçlenmektedir. Maden işletmesi çevresinden toplanan bu buğdaygil türlerinden TF ve BCF değerlerinin>1 olması bu metaller için fitoremediasyon açısından umut verici olduğu düşünülmekle birlikte farklı dozlarda yapılacak saksı denemelerinde daha net bilgiler elde edilecektir. Ayrıca maden alanı çevresinde örneklenen topraklarda tehlikeli bir kirliliğin söz konusu olmadığı düşünülmekle birlikte bazı türlerin toprak üstü organlarındaki yüksek konsantrasyonlar sebebi ile bu alanlarda hayvan otlatmalarına dikkat edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fitoremediasyon
• Buğdaygil
• Yem bitkisi
• BCF

Examination of Heavy Metal Content and Phytoremediation Capacities of Poaceae Forage Plant Species Spreading Around Iron Mine: The Case of Bingöl-Avnik (Türkiye)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the heavy metal contents and evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of forage grasses distributed in the natural areas surrounding the Avnik iron mine in the Genç district of Bingöl province. Five different species of the Poaceae family (Poa bulbosa L., Bromus tectorum L., Aegilops neglecta, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Stipa capensis) were collected. Aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) contents were determined in roots, leaves, stems, and generative parts of the plants. Translocation Factor (TF) and Bioconcentration factor (BCF) were calculated. TFCr, Mn, Ni>1 were observed in B. tectorum; TFCu>1 was observed in P. bulbosa and S. capensis; and TFMn>1 was observed in A. neglecta and C. pseudophragmites, which may suggest a potential role in phytoextraction. Especially, BCFroot >15 was determined in P. bulbosa, A. neglecta, and S. capensis, supporting their suitability for phytostabilization of Cr. Although the TF and BCF values>1 of these Poaceae species collected from the area around the mining facility are thought to be promising in terms of phytoremediation for these metals, more clear information will be obtained in pot trials to be carried out at different doses. In addition, even though it is thought that there is no hazardous pollution in the soils sampled around the mine site, animal grazing should be cautious in these areas due to the high concentrations in the above-ground organs of some species.

Keywords

• Phytoremediation
• Poaceae
• Forage plants
• BCF

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