Kestane Mantarı (Agaricus brunnescens) Kompostuna Uygulanan Pseudomonas fluorescens ve Azospirillum lipoferum'un Mantar Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Bitki Büyümesini Teşvik Edici Rizobakteriler (PGPR), bitki kökleri ile olan iletişimleri sayesinde bitkilerin gelişiminde önemli rol oynayan kök bakteriler olarak bilinmektedir. PGPR’lerin son yıllarda kalite ve verimi artırmak amacıyla kullanımı yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Kültür mantarı yetiştiriciliğinde verim ve kaliteyi artırmak üzere farklı muameleler uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Pseudomonas fluorescens (P) ve Azospirillum lipoferum (R) bakteri preparatlarının farklı dozlarda (2.5, 5 ve 10 mL m⁻²) uygulanmasının kültür mantarı (Agaricus brunnescens) üretiminde verim üzerine etkileri kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda, en yüksek verim 2055 g m⁻² ile P5 mL m⁻² doz uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Şapka çapı, şapka yüksekliği gibi morfolojik parametrelerdeki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Ancak, P5 ve P10 dozları meyve eti sertliğini (1.410 kg ve 1.398 kg) kontrol grubuna göre önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Şapka çapı, şapka yüksekliği, sap çapı ve sap yüksekliği gibi morfolojik veriler incelendiğinde P ve R uygulamalarının kontrol grubuyla kıyaslandığında elde edilen kalite parametreleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. P bakteri uygulamalarının 5 mL (1.410 kg) ve 10 mL (1.398 kg) doz değerleri ile yürütülen çalışma sonrasında elde edilen mantar meyve eti sertlik değerleri en yüksek sonucu vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, özellikle P5 mL m-2 doz uygulamasının kültür mantarı üretiminde verim ve bazı kalite parametrelerini arttırdığı gözlemlenmiş ve uygulama potansiyeli açısından olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir.

Keywords

• Agaricus brunnescens
• Pseudomonas fluorescens
• Azospirillum lipoferum
• Kompost
• Verim
• Kalite

Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum lipoferum Applied to Chestnut Mushroom (Agaricus brunnescens) Compost on Mushroom Yield and Quality

Abstract

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are known as root bacteria that play an important role in plant development through their communication with plant roots. In recent years, the use of PGPRs to increase quality and yield has become widespread. Different treatments have begun to be applied to increase yield and quality in mushroom cultivation. In this study, the effects of applying different doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mL m⁻²) of Pseudomonas fluorescens (P) and Azospirillum lipoferum (R) bacterial preparations on the yield of cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus brunnescens) were compared with a control group. The results showed that the highest yield of 2055 g m⁻² was obtained from the P5 mL m⁻² dose application. Differences in morphological parameters such as cap diameter and cap height were not found to be statistically significant. However, doses P5 and P10 significantly increased fruit firmness (1.410 kg and 1.398 kg) compared to the control group. When morphological data such as cap diameter, cap height, stem diameter, and stem height were examined, no statistically significant differences were found between the quality parameters obtained with P and R applications compared to the control group. The highest mushroom fruit firmness values were obtained after the study conducted with P bacterial applications at doses of 5 mL (1.410 kg) and 10 mL (1.398 kg). In conclusion, it was observed that the P 5 mL m-2 dose application, in particular, increased yield and some quality parameters in cultivated mushroom production, yielding positive results in terms of application potential.

Keywords

• Agaricus brunnescens
• Pseudomonas fluorescens
• Azospirillum lipoferum
• Compost
• Yield
• Quality

References

1. Asiloglu, R., Shiroishi, K., Suzuki, K., Turgay, O. C., Murase, J., & Harada, N. (2020). Protist-enhanced survival of a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Azospirillum sp. B510, and the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Applied Soil Ecology, 154, 103599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103599
2. Bruto, M., Prigent-Combaret, C., Muller, D., & Moënne-Loccoz, Y. (2014). Analysis of genes contributing to plant-beneficial functions in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and related Proteobacteria. Scientific Reports, 4(1), 6261. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06261
3. Cano, J. M., Berrocal-Lobo, M., & Domínguez-Núñez, J. A. (2017). Growth of Amanita caesarea in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus cereus. Fungal Biology, 121(9), 825-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.009
4. Çakmakçı, R., Haliloglu, K., Türkoğlu, A., Özkan, G., Kutlu, M., Varmazyari, A., & Bocianowski, J. (2023). Effect of different Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on biological soil properties, growth, yield and quality of oregano (Origanum onites L.). Agronomy, 13(10), 2511. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102511
5. Çelik, Y., Yarşi, G., & Özarslandan, A. (2020). Yararlı bakteri uygulamalarının bitkisel verim ve dayanıklılık mekanizmlarına etkileri. Dünya Sağlık ve Tabiat Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 37-44. https://izlik.org/JA79TX78HG
6. Çetin M., Özaktan H., & Boztok K., (2016). Örtü toprağında bulunan bazı yararlı bakterilerin kültür mantarı Agaricus bisporus’un gelişimi ve verimi üzerine etkileri. Türk Tarım -Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(3):197-203, 2016.
7. Das, P. P., Singh, K. R., Nagpure, G., Mansoori, A., Singh, R. P., Ghazi, I. A., & Singh, J. (2022). Plant-soil-microbes: A tripartite interaction for nutrient acquisition and better plant growth for sustainable agricultural practices. Environmental Research, 214, 113821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113821
8. Eren, E. (2022). The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on yield and some quality parameters during shelf life in white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.). Journal of Fungi, 8(10), 1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8101016

9. Gerçekcioğlu R., Ertürk A., & Atasever. Ö. Ö., (2018). Bitki büyümesini teşvik edici rizobakteri (PGPR) uygulamasının Eşme ayva çeşidinde (Cydonia vulgaris L.) verim ve meyve özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 35 (3), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag4299
10. Grover, M., Bodhankar, S., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Singh, J., & Nain, L. (2021). PGPR mediated alterations in root traits: way toward sustainable crop production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 618230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.618230
11. Kong, Z., & Liu, H. (2022). Modification of rhizosphere microbial communities: a possible mechanism of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhancing plant growth and fitness. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 920813. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.920813
12. Mediavilla, O., Olaizola, J., Santos-del-Blanco, L., Oria-de-Rueda, J. A., & Martín-Pinto, P. (2016). Mycorrhization between Cistus ladanifer L. and Boletus edulis Bull is enhanced by the mycorrhiza helper bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula. Mycorrhiza, 26(2), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-015-0657-0
13. Nihorimbere, V., Ongena, M., Smargiassi, M., & Thonart, P. (2011). Beneficial effect of the rhizosphere microbial community for plant growth and health. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement, 15(2).
14. Ramanan, R., Kim, B. H., Cho, D. H., Oh, H. M., & Kim, H. S. (2016). Algae–bacteria interactions: evolution, ecology and emerging applications. Biotechnology Advances, 34(1), 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.003
15. Riera, N., Davyt, D., Durán, R., Iraola, G., Lemanceau, P., & Bajsa, N. (2023). An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens CFBP2392 with antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1286926. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286926
16. Sahu, B., Singh, J., Shankar, G., & Pradhan, A. (2018). Pseudomonas fluorescens PGPR bacteria as well as biocontrol agent: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(2), 01-07.
17. Shamugam, S., & Kertesz, M. A. (2023). Bacterial interactions with the mycelium of the cultivated edible mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 134(1), lxac018. https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxac018
18. Shen, X., Hu, H., Peng, H., Wang, W., & Zhang, X. (2013). Comparative genomic analysis of four representative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Pseudomonas. BMC genomics, 14(1), 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-271
19. Tajalipour, S., Hassanzadeh, N., Khabbaz Jolfaee, H., Heydari, A., & Ghasemi, A. (2014). Biological control of mushroom brown blotch disease using antagonistic bacteria. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 24(4), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2013.873113
20. Tsivileva, O., Shaternikov, A., & Ponomareva, E. (2022). Edible mushrooms could take advantage of the growth-promoting and biocontrol potential of Azospirillum. In Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. (Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 211-217). Latvian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0032
21. Vessal, S., Salehi-Sardoei, A., Fazeli-Nasab, B., Shafi, N., Shameem, N., & Parray, J. A. (2024). Azospirillum, a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium: Smart agriculture and sustainable exploitation. In Progress in Soil Microbiome Research (pp. 365-399). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71487-0_16