Determination of VC Types of Chestnut Canker Agent Cryphonectria parasitica and Evulation of Hyphovirulence in Chestnut Forest Areas in Bolu and Izmir Regional Directorates of Forestry

Abstract

In this study, vegetative compatibility (vc) types of isolates obtained from İzmir and Bolu regions were determined using relevant standard methods. Out of 409 isolates obtained from active canker samples collected from the selected locations of 34 and 7 villages in İzmir in 2015 and 2016, respectively, 255 were found as EU-12 of the European Vegetative compatibility types while 154 samples were EU-1 vc type. The distribution of the vc types was revealed and natural hypovirulence was not found in this region. Seventy-six isolates were obtained from bark samples from healing cankers from the samples in Akçakoca, Düzce, Yığılca, and Gölyaka locations of Bolu Forestry Management Directories. Two of these samples belonged to EU-12 vc type, while 72 of them were EU-1. The remaining two isolates did not match any of the two vc types. Out of 76 isolates, 38 were found hypovirulent and 38 were virulent. Hypovirulence was so widespread in this region and in spite of the widespread hypovirulence drying of chestnut trees was also observed. The presence of hypovirulent Cryphonectria parasitica phenotypes and the occurrence of spreading under natural conditions in the Bolu region are promising for the biological control of chestnut cancer disease. For the İzmir region, determining the vc types that are common in the region is important for the strategy of biological control studies.

Keywords

• Chestnut blight
• Hypovirulent isolates
• Vegetative compatibility

Bolu ve İzmir Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü Kestane Ormanlarında Kestane Kanseri Etmeni Cryphonectria parasitica’nın Uyum Tiplerinin Tespiti ve Hipovirülenslik Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada İzmir ve Bolu yöresinden elde edilen izolatların vejetatif uyum tipleri ilgili standart yöntemler kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İzmir yöresinden 2015 yılında 34, 2016 yılında 7 farklı köyde seçilen aktif kanserlerden örnekler toplanmış ve elde edilen 409 izolatın 255 tanesi Avrupa uyum tiplerinden EU-12, 154 tanesi EU-1 uyum tipi olarak tespit edilmiştir. Vejetatif uyum tiplerinin bölgedeki dağılımı ortaya konmuş ve bölgeden elde edilen izolatlar içerisinde hipovirülent izolata rastlanmamıştır. Bolu yöresinde Akçakoca, Düzce, Yığılca ve Gölyaka Orman İşletme Müdürlüklerine bağlı kestane sahalarından iyileşen kanserden elde edilen 76 adet izolattan 2 adedi Avrupa uyum tiplerinden EU-12, 72 adedi ise EU-1 olarak belirlenirken 2 adedinin uyum tipi saptanamamıştır. 76 İzolatın 38 adeti hipovirülent, 38 adetinin de virülent olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yörede hipovirülensliğin yaygın olması ve ağaçlarda kanserden dolayı iyileşmeler olmasına rağmen kestane ormanlarında kurumalar da gözlenmiştir. Bolu yöresinde hipovirülent Cryphonectria parasitica fenotiplerinin varlığı ve yayılmaların doğal koşullarda meydana gelmesi, kestane kanseri etmeninin biyolojik kontrolü için umut vericidir. Bununla birlikte İzmir yöresi için bölgede yaygın olduğu uyum tiplerinin tespiti biyolojik mücadele çalışmalarının stratejisi için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kestane kanseri
• Hipovirülent izolatlar
• Vejetatif uyum

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