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Dut Türlerine Ait Meyvelerin Organik Asit ve C vitamini İçerikleri Üzerine Farklı Kurutma Tekniklerinin Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 404 - 411, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.990049

Abstract

Yapılan bu araştırmada, beyaz dut (M. alba) ve kara dut (M. nigra) meyveleri üç farklı şekilde kurutma işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu yöntemler, güneşte kurutma, etüvde kurutma (70, 90 ve 110 °C) ve mikrodalgada (450, 600 ve 700 W) kurutmadır. Kurutma işlemlerine bağlı olarak, meyve ağırlığı, nem oranı, C vitamini ve organik asit içeriklerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Güneşte kurutulan beyaz ve kara dut örneklerinde meyve ağırlığı sırası ile 1.07 g ve 1.59 g olarak bulunmuştur. Etüvde kurutmada meyve ağırlığı, beyaz dutlarda 0.57 g-0.88 g, kara dutlarda 1.57 g-1.87 g aralığında, mikrodalgada kurutulan beyaz dutlarda 0.62 g-1.22 g, kara dutlarda 0.76 g-1.41 g aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Kurutma yöntemlerine bağlı olarak organik asitlerin miktarlarında önemli değişimler görülmüştür. Beyaz dut meyvelerinde; en yüksek okzalik asit içeriği (2.88 g 100 g-1) güneşte kurutulan meyvelerde, en yüksek sitrik asit içeriği (14.15 g 100 g-1) ve en yüksek malik asit içeriği (17.67 g 100 g-1) etüvde (110 oC) kurutulan meyvelerde tespit edilmiştir. Kara dut meyvelerinin organik asit içerikleri incelendiğinde; en yüksek okzalik asit içeriği (2.88 g 100 g-1), en yüksek malik asit içeriği (18.39 g 100 g-1) ve en yüksek sitrik asit içeriği (9.09 g 100 g-1) güneşte kurutulan meyvelerde belirlenmiştir. En yüksek C vitamini içeriği (31.66 mg 100 g-1) yaş kara dut meyvelerinde tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan bu araştırmanın sonucunda, kurutma yöntemlerine bağlı olarak beyaz dut ve kara dut meyvelerinin biyokimyasal içeriklerinde önemli değişimlerin olduğu ve yaş meyvelerin kuru meyvelere göre C vitamini içeriğinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Başkanlığınca desteklenmiştir

Project Number

2017.10.05.1209

Thanks

Tez çalışması olan bu araştırma Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Başkanlığınca desteklenmiştir (Proje No: 2017.10.05.1209)

References

  • Bevilacqua, A. E., & Califano, A. N. (1989). Determination of organic acids in dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Food Science, 54, 1076–1079.
  • Bozhüyük, M. R., Pehluvan, M., Kaya, T., & Doğru B. (2015). Organic acid composition of selected mulberry genotypes from Aras Valley. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(2), 69-74.
  • Cemeroğlu, B. (2007). Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları. No: 34, Ankara.
  • Datta, A. K. (2001). Handbook of Microwave Technology for Food Application. CRC Press, USA.
  • Ercisli, S, & Orhan, E. (2007). Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chemistry, 103(4), 1380-1384.
  • Ercisli, S. (2004). A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51(4), 419-435.
  • Ercisli, S., & Orhan, E. (2008). Some physico-chemical characteristics of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) genotypes from Northeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 116, 41-46.
  • Erdoğan, E. (2003). İspir ve Pazaryolu ilçelerinde yetiştirilen dutların (Morus sp.) seleksiyon yoluyla islahı üzerinde bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Erkaleli, Z. Ö., & Dalkiliç, Z. (2016). Uşak Ili Ulubey ilçesinde yetişen kara dutlarin (Morus nigra L.) morfolojik, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 89-106.
  • Evranuz, Ö. (1998). Gıda Mühendisliği Tasarımı Ders Notları. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul.
  • Eyduran, S. P., Ercisli, S., Akin, M., Beyhan, O., Geçer, M. K., Eyduran, E., & Erturk, Y. E. (2015) Organic acids, sugars, vitamin c, antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds in fruits of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry genotypes. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 88(1), 134-138.
  • Gecer, M. K., Akin, M., Gündoğdu, M., Eyduran, S. P., Ercisli, S., & Eyduran, E. (2016). Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and some horticultural characteristics of black and white mulberry accessions from Eastern Anatolia. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 96(1), 27-33.
  • Gündoğdu, M., Muradoglu, F., Sensoy, R. G., & Yilmaz, H, (2011). Determination of fruit chemical properties of Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L. by HPLC. Scientia Horticulturae, 132, 37-41.
  • Gündoğdu, M., Tunçtürk, M., Berk, S., Şekeroğlu, N., & Gezici, S. (2018). Antioxidant capacity and bioactive contents of mulberry species from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52, 96-101.
  • Güneş, M., & Cekiç, Ç. (2004). Some chemical and physical properties of fruits of different mulberry species commonly grown In Anatolia, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 16(3), 1849-1855.
  • Güngör, N., & Sengul, M. (2008). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and selected physicochemical properties of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits. International Journal of Food Properties, 11(1), 44-52.
  • Imran, M., Khan, H., Shah, M., Khan, R., & Khan, F. (2010). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of certain Morus Species. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 11(12), 973-980.
  • Juhaimi, F. A., Özcan, M. M., & Uslu, N. (2017). The effect of microwave and conventional drying on antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and mineral profile of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) flesh. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11, 58-63.
  • Koyuncu, F. (2004). Organic acid composition of native black mulberry fruit. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 40(4), 367-369.
  • Koyuncu, F., Çetinbas, M., & Erdal, İ. (2014). Nutritional constituents of wild-grown black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 87, 93-96.
  • Oliveira, M. E. C., & Franca, A. S. (2002). Microwave heating of foodstuffs. Journal of Food Engineering, 53(4), 347-359.
  • Pehluvan, M., Kaya, T., Doğru, B., & Bozhüyük, M. R. (2012). Farklı lokasyon ve hasat zamanlarının kara dutun (Morus nigra L.) bazı meyve özellikleri üzerine etkisi. IV. Ulusal Üzümsü Meyveler Sempozyumu, Antalya.
  • Rop, O., Ercıslı, S., Mlcek, J., Jurıkova, T., & Hoza, I., (2014). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities in fruits of 6 sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) cultivars. Turkish. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 38, 224-232.
  • Sanchez, E. M., Calın-Sanchez, A., Carbonell-Barrachına, A. A., Mel-Garejo, P., Hernandez, F., & Martınez-Nıcolas, J. J. (2014). Physicochemical characterization of eight Spanish mulberry clones: Processing and fresh market aptitudes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 49, 477-483.
  • Sanchez-Salcedo, E. M., Mena, P., Garcıa-Vıguera, C., Martınez, J. J., & Hernandez, F. (2015). Phytochemical evaluation of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry fruits, a starting point for the assessment of their beneficial properties. Journal of Functional Foods, 12, 399-408.
  • Slatnar, A., Klancar, U., Stampar, F., & Veberic, R. (2011). Effect of drying of figs (Ficus carica L.) on the contents of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(21), 11696-11702.
  • Verheij, E. W. M., & Coronel, R. E. (1991). Plant resources of South-East Asia 2. Edible Fruits and Nuts. 348, Netherlands.

Effect of Different Drying Techniques on Organic Acid and Vitamin C Contents of Mulberry Species Fruits

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 404 - 411, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.990049

Abstract

Black mulberry (M. nigra) and white mulberry (M. alba) fruits were dried in three different ways. These methods are drying in the sun, drying in the oven (70, 90 and 110 oC) and microwave (450, 600 and 700 W drying). Fruit weight, moisture content, vitamin C and organic acid contents changes depending on drying processes. Fruit weight is higher in microwave applications than other applications. In sun dried samples, white and black fruit weight were found as 1.07 g and 1.59 g respectively. In the dormitory drying, the fruit weight was 0.57 g-0.88 g in the white mulberry, 1.57 g-1.87 g in the black mulberry, 0.62 g-1.22 g in the white mulberry in the microwave, and 0.76 g-1.41 g in the black mulberry. In the research, changes in the amount of organic acids were observed depended on drying methods. When looking the major organic acid distribution, white mulberry fruits; the highest oxalic acid content (2.88 g 100 g-1) was determined in sun dried fruits, the highest citric acid content (14.15 g 100 g-1) and malic acid content (17.67 g 100 g-1) were determined in dried fruits in oven (110 oC). When the organic acid contents of black mulberry fruits were examined; The highest oxalic acid (2.88 g 100 g-1), malic acid content (g 100 g-1) and citric acid contents (9.09 g 100 g-1) were determined in sun dried fruits. In this study, the highest vitamin C content (31.66 mg 100 g-1) was identified in fresh black mulberry fruits. In this study, it was determined that there were significant changes in the biochemical contents of white mulberry and black mulberry fruits depending on the drying methods, and the vitamin C content of fresh fruits was higher than dried fruits.

Project Number

2017.10.05.1209

References

  • Bevilacqua, A. E., & Califano, A. N. (1989). Determination of organic acids in dairy products by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Food Science, 54, 1076–1079.
  • Bozhüyük, M. R., Pehluvan, M., Kaya, T., & Doğru B. (2015). Organic acid composition of selected mulberry genotypes from Aras Valley. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(2), 69-74.
  • Cemeroğlu, B. (2007). Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları. No: 34, Ankara.
  • Datta, A. K. (2001). Handbook of Microwave Technology for Food Application. CRC Press, USA.
  • Ercisli, S, & Orhan, E. (2007). Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chemistry, 103(4), 1380-1384.
  • Ercisli, S. (2004). A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51(4), 419-435.
  • Ercisli, S., & Orhan, E. (2008). Some physico-chemical characteristics of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) genotypes from Northeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 116, 41-46.
  • Erdoğan, E. (2003). İspir ve Pazaryolu ilçelerinde yetiştirilen dutların (Morus sp.) seleksiyon yoluyla islahı üzerinde bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Erkaleli, Z. Ö., & Dalkiliç, Z. (2016). Uşak Ili Ulubey ilçesinde yetişen kara dutlarin (Morus nigra L.) morfolojik, fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 89-106.
  • Evranuz, Ö. (1998). Gıda Mühendisliği Tasarımı Ders Notları. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul.
  • Eyduran, S. P., Ercisli, S., Akin, M., Beyhan, O., Geçer, M. K., Eyduran, E., & Erturk, Y. E. (2015) Organic acids, sugars, vitamin c, antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds in fruits of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry genotypes. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 88(1), 134-138.
  • Gecer, M. K., Akin, M., Gündoğdu, M., Eyduran, S. P., Ercisli, S., & Eyduran, E. (2016). Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and some horticultural characteristics of black and white mulberry accessions from Eastern Anatolia. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 96(1), 27-33.
  • Gündoğdu, M., Muradoglu, F., Sensoy, R. G., & Yilmaz, H, (2011). Determination of fruit chemical properties of Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L. by HPLC. Scientia Horticulturae, 132, 37-41.
  • Gündoğdu, M., Tunçtürk, M., Berk, S., Şekeroğlu, N., & Gezici, S. (2018). Antioxidant capacity and bioactive contents of mulberry species from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52, 96-101.
  • Güneş, M., & Cekiç, Ç. (2004). Some chemical and physical properties of fruits of different mulberry species commonly grown In Anatolia, Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 16(3), 1849-1855.
  • Güngör, N., & Sengul, M. (2008). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and selected physicochemical properties of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits. International Journal of Food Properties, 11(1), 44-52.
  • Imran, M., Khan, H., Shah, M., Khan, R., & Khan, F. (2010). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of certain Morus Species. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 11(12), 973-980.
  • Juhaimi, F. A., Özcan, M. M., & Uslu, N. (2017). The effect of microwave and conventional drying on antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and mineral profile of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) flesh. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11, 58-63.
  • Koyuncu, F. (2004). Organic acid composition of native black mulberry fruit. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 40(4), 367-369.
  • Koyuncu, F., Çetinbas, M., & Erdal, İ. (2014). Nutritional constituents of wild-grown black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 87, 93-96.
  • Oliveira, M. E. C., & Franca, A. S. (2002). Microwave heating of foodstuffs. Journal of Food Engineering, 53(4), 347-359.
  • Pehluvan, M., Kaya, T., Doğru, B., & Bozhüyük, M. R. (2012). Farklı lokasyon ve hasat zamanlarının kara dutun (Morus nigra L.) bazı meyve özellikleri üzerine etkisi. IV. Ulusal Üzümsü Meyveler Sempozyumu, Antalya.
  • Rop, O., Ercıslı, S., Mlcek, J., Jurıkova, T., & Hoza, I., (2014). Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities in fruits of 6 sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) cultivars. Turkish. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 38, 224-232.
  • Sanchez, E. M., Calın-Sanchez, A., Carbonell-Barrachına, A. A., Mel-Garejo, P., Hernandez, F., & Martınez-Nıcolas, J. J. (2014). Physicochemical characterization of eight Spanish mulberry clones: Processing and fresh market aptitudes. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 49, 477-483.
  • Sanchez-Salcedo, E. M., Mena, P., Garcıa-Vıguera, C., Martınez, J. J., & Hernandez, F. (2015). Phytochemical evaluation of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry fruits, a starting point for the assessment of their beneficial properties. Journal of Functional Foods, 12, 399-408.
  • Slatnar, A., Klancar, U., Stampar, F., & Veberic, R. (2011). Effect of drying of figs (Ficus carica L.) on the contents of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(21), 11696-11702.
  • Verheij, E. W. M., & Coronel, R. E. (1991). Plant resources of South-East Asia 2. Edible Fruits and Nuts. 348, Netherlands.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Horticultural Production
Journal Section Horticultural Sciences
Authors

Müjde Kıralan This is me 0000-0002-1645-4782

Muttalip Gündoğdu 0000-0002-9375-7365

Project Number 2017.10.05.1209
Publication Date December 30, 2021
Submission Date September 3, 2021
Acceptance Date October 19, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kıralan, M., & Gündoğdu, M. (2021). Dut Türlerine Ait Meyvelerin Organik Asit ve C vitamini İçerikleri Üzerine Farklı Kurutma Tekniklerinin Etkisi. International Journal of Agricultural and Wildlife Sciences, 7(3), 404-411. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.990049

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