Sıcaklık-Nem İndeks Değerlerinin Yerli Kara Erkek Sığırlarda Bazı Davranışlar Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 349 - 357, 22.08.2022

Çağrı Melikşah Sakar

https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1035429

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Enstitü koşullarında yetiştirilen dört baş erkek Yerli Kara sığırda kulak sıcaklığı ve bazı davranış verileri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla hayvanların kulaklarına çipli sensör (CowManager) takılarak, her hayvandan saatlik olarak toplam 51 gün veri alınmıştır. Çalışma süresince hayvanların barındırıldığı ahırın saatlik olarak sıcaklık ve nem verileri toplanmış olup, bu değerlerden saatlik ve günlük olarak sıcaklık-nem indeksi (SNİ) verileri hesaplanmıştır. Bu indeks değerlerine göre günlük SNİ değerleri 3 grupta sınıflandırılırken, saatlik SNİ değerleri 4 grupta sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışmada boğaların kulak içi sıcaklıkları günlük olarak ortalama 21.97 °C olarak bulunmuştur. SNİ değerleri artarken kulak sıcaklığı değerleri artmış olup ve SNİ gruplar arası farklılıkları istatiksel olarak önemli (P<0.001) bulunmuştur. Çalışmada günlük olarak hesaplanan yüksek hareketlilik, normal hareketlilik, hareketsizlik, yem yeme ve ruminasyon verileri sırasıyla % 7.84, 6.86, 27.15, 26.69 ve 28.31 olarak bulunmuştur. SNİ gruplarına göre yapılan analizde bu davranış özelliklerine göre farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. Araştırmada SNİ değerleri arttıkça yüksek hareketlilik, normal hareketlilik ve hareketsizlik değerleri artarken, yem yeme ve ruminasyon değerleri azalmıştır. Ayrıca, hayvanların hareketlilik ve yem yeme değerleri gündüz saatlerinde artarken, hareketsizlik ve ruminasyon değerleri gece saatlerinde artmıştır. Sonuç olarak SNİ değerlerinin kulak sıcaklığı ve davranış verileri arasında korelasyon bulunduğu ve bunun hayvan davranışlarının meteorolojik olaylardan etkilendiğinin göstergesi olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Yerli Kara, hayvan davranışı, sensor, hareket

The Effects of Temperature-Humidity Index Values on Some Behaviours in Male Anatolian Black Cattle

Abstract

In this study, ear temperature and some behavioural data were determined in the four male animals of Anatolian Black cattle raised under the Institute conditions. For this purpose, a chip sensor (CowManager) was attached to the ears of the animals, and data of 51 days were obtained from each animal hourly. During the study, hourly temperature and humidity data of the barn where the animals were housed were collected, and hourly and daily Temperature - Humidity Index (THI) data were calculated from these values. According to these index values, daily THI values were classified in 3 groups, while hourly THI values were classified in 4 groups. In this study, the ear temperature of the bulls was found to be an average of 21.97 °C daily. The ear temperature values increased as the THI values increased, and the differences between the groups were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). In the study high active, active, not active, eating and rumination data were found to be 7.84, 6.86, 27.15, 26.69 and 28.31%, daily, respectively. In the analysis made according to the THI groups, the differences according to these behavioural characteristics were found to be statistically significant (P<0.01). In the study, as THI values increased high active, active and not active values increased, while eating and rumination values decreased. While the activity and eating values of the animals increased during the daytime, the not active and rumination values of the animals increased during the night hours. As a result, it was concluded that there is a correlation between the THI values, ear temperature and behavioural data, and this could be an indication that the animal behaviour was affected by meteorological events.

Keywords

Anatolian black cattle, animal behaviour, sensor, active

References

• APA Adin, G., Solomon, R., Nikbachat, M., Zenou, A., Yosef, E., Brosh, A., Shabtay, A., Mabjeesh, S. J., Halachmi, I., & Miron. J. (2009). Effect of feeding cows in early lactation with diets differing in roughageneutral detergent fiber content on intake behaviour, rumination, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 3364–3373. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2078.
• Allen, J. D., Hall, L. W., Collier, R. J., & Smith, J. F. (2015). Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(1), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7704.
• Bayssa, M., Yigrem, S., Betsha, S., & Tolera, A. 2021. Production, reproduction and some adaptation characteristics of Boran cattle breed under changing climate: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One 16(5), e0244836. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244836.
• Bikker, J. P., Van Laar, H., Rump, P., Doorenbos, J., Van Meurs, K., Griffioen, G. M., & Dijkstra, J. (2014). Evaluation of an ear-attached movement sensor to record cow feeding behaviour and activity. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(5), 2974-2979. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7560.
• Borchers, M., Chang, Y., Tsai, I., Wadsworth, B., & Bewley, J. (2016). A validation of technologies monitoring dairy cow feeding, ruminating, and lying behaviours. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(9), 7458-7466. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10843.
• Corujo, G., & Timms, L. (2017). Uses of an ear tag based behavioural and temperature monitoring system (CowManagerR) at the ISU dairy. Animal Industry Report, 663(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-391.
• Darcan, N., Cedden, F., & Çankaya, S. 2008. Spraying effects on some physiological and behavioural traits of goats in a subtropical climate. It. J. Anim. Sci. 7, 77–85. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2008.77
• Dolecheck, K. A., Silvia, W. J., Heersche Jr., G., Chang, Y. M., Ray, D. L., Stone, A. E., Wadsworth, B. A., & Bewley, J. M. (2015). Behavioral and physiological changes around estrus events identified using multiple automated monitoring technologies. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(12), 8723-8731. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9645.
• EFSA. (2012). Scientific opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems. EFSA Journal, 10(5), 2669. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2669.
• Heinicke, J., Ott, A., Ammon, C., & Amon, T. (2020). Accepted Author Versıon Of The Manuscrıpt: Heat load-induced changes in lying behavior and lying cubicle occupancy of lactating dairy cows in a naturally ventilated barn. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2020-0113.
• Mader, T. L., & Kreikemeier, W. (2006). Effects of growth-promoting agents and season on blood metabolites and body temperature in heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 84, 1030–1037. https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.8441030x. Minitab. (2010). Minitab for Windows. Version16. Minitab. Inc., United States.
• Sejian, V., Bhatta, R., Gaughan, J.B., Dunshea, F.R., & Lacetera, N. 2018. Adaptation of animals to heat stress. Animal, 12(2), 431-444. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731118001945.
• Wolfger, B., Timsit, E., Pajor, E. A., Cook, N., Barkema, H. W., & Orsel, K. (2015). Accuracy of an ear tag-attached accelerometer to monitor rumination and feeding behavior in feedlot cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(6), 3164-3168. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8802.
• Zehner, N., Niederhauser, J. J., Nydegger, F., Grothmann, A., Keller, M., Hoch, M., & Schick, M. (2012, July). Validation of a new health monitoring system (RumiWatch) for combined automatic measurement of rumination, feed intake, water intake and locomotion in dairy cows. Proceedings of international conference of agricultural engineering CIGR-Ageng (p. C0438).