Nanobionic humans: the future of nano-material-supported implants and wearable technologies

Abstract

This review article provides an overview of the topic “The nanobionic human: the future of nano-material-supported implants and wearable technologies”, examining this subject under various headings: human-machine interfaces, wearable technologies, biointegration and biocompatibility, ethical dimensions, and future perspectives. The article examines the topic of nanotechnology in human-machine interfaces from a transhumanism perspective, along with nanotechnology-supported implants and their orthopaedic and other applications under subheadings. The future expectations and challenges of these topics are also evaluated. The effects, performance, and uses of nanotechnology on human health are discussed under nanobionic wearable technologies. This study evaluates how human-computer integration is being redefined by nanotechnological advances from a transhumanism perspective. The Nanobionic Wearable Technologies section discusses the usage methods, application forms, benefits, and materials of smart textiles (nano-silver and nano-carbon-based conductive fabrics), nanosensors in health monitoring (glucose sensors, electrolyte sensors, heart and biomechanics), and piezoelectric sensors (sports science, military technologies, health sciences). The Biointegration and Biocompatibility section discusses the immunological response and biocompatibility of nanomaterials, explaining the working mechanisms and differences between hard and soft protein coronas and mentioning the Vroman effect. Tissue engineering and how nanoimplants can be integrated into the body are detailed, along with the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. It explains how the repair mechanism of microcapsules works when nanoimplants are damaged. It discusses the uses, mechanisms, and areas of application of hydrogels when microcapsules are insufficient. The ethical dimension of nanobionic technologies discusses the ethical and human implications of these developments. It addresses cyber security, data security, socio-economic conditions, legal responsibilities in artificial intelligence decisions, and equal opportunities. The future perspectives section examines the future of nanotechnology and cyborg concepts. It discusses the revolutionary potential of this technology in the performance of personalised wearable nanotechnologies and their ethical implications. The conclusion provides an overview.

Keywords

• Nanobionic
• Nanobionic weareble materials
• Nanobiotechnology; Nanotechnology
• Nanoparticles
• Ethics.

Nanobiyonik insanlar: nano malzeme destekli implantların ve giyilebilir teknolojilerin geleceği

Abstract

Bu derleme makalede ‘nanobiyonik insan: nano malzeme destekli implantlar ve giyilebilir teknolojilerin geleceği’ adlı konuya genel bir bakış yapılmıştır ve bu konu farklı başlıklar altında insan ve makine arayüzleri, giyilebilir teknolojiler, biyoentegrasyon ve biyouyumluluk, etik boyut ve gelecek perspektifleri olarak incelenmiştir. Makalede insan makine arayüzünde nanoteknoloji konusunu transhümanizm perspektifinden nanoteknoloji destekli implantlar ve bunların orotpedik uygulamalarıyla beraber diğer uygulamaları altbaşlıklarıyla incelenmiştir. Bu konuların gelecekteki beklentileri, zorlukları da değerlendirilmiştir. Nanoteknolojinin insan sağlığına karşı nanobiyonik giyilebilir teknolojiler altında etkilerinden, performansından ve kullanım şekillerinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu çalışma, insan-bilgisayar entegrasyonu nanoteknolojik ilerlemeler ile yeniden tanımlanışının nasıl yapıldığını transhümanizm perspektifinden değerlendirmektedir. Nanobiyonik Giyilebilir Teknolojiler bölümünde, akıllı tekstillerin (nano-gümüş ve nano-karbon bazlı iletken kumaşlar), sağlık takibinde nanosensörler (glikoz sensörleri, elektrolit sensörleri, kalp ve biyomekanik), piezoelektrik sensörler (spor bilimleri, askeri teknolojiler, sağlık bilimleri) alanlarında kullanım şekilleri, uygulanma biçimleri, yararları ve malzemelerinden bahsedilmiştir. Biyoentegrasyon ve Biyouyumluluk bölümünde ise immünolojik yanıt ve nanomalzemelerin biyouyumluğu hakkında tartışılıp sert ve yumuşak protein koronaların çalışma mekanizmaları, farklılıkları anlatılıp vroman etkisinden bahsedilmiştir. Doku mühendisliği ile nanoimplantların vücuda nasıl entegre edilebileceği ve ekstraselüler matriks yapısı (ECM) detaylandırılmıştır. Nanoimplantların hasar alması durumunda mikrokapsüllerin onarım mekanizmasının nasıl çalıştığı anlatılmaktadır. Mikrokapsüllerin yetersiz olduğu durumlarda hidrojellerin kullanım şekillerinden, mekanizmasından ve alanlarından bahsedilmektedir. Nanobiyonik teknolojilerin etik boyutunda bu gelişmlerin etik ve insan geliştirmelerinden bahsedilmiştir. Siber güvenlik, veri güvenliği, sosyoekonomik durumlar, yapay zeka kararlarındaki yasal sorumluluklar ve fırsat eşitliklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Gelecek persfektifler kısmında nanoteknolojinin geleceği ve cyborg kavramları incelenmiştir. Bu teknolojinin kişiselleştirilmiş giyilebilir nanoteknolojilerin performanslarındaki devrimsel potansiyelinden ve bunların etik durumlarından bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında makalede incelenen konulara genel bir bakış ve makale sonucunda ulaşılan görüş açıklanmıştır.

Keywords

• Nanobiyonik
• Nanobiyonik giyilebilir malzemeler
• Nanobiyoteknoloji; Nanoteknoloji
• Nanoparçacıklar
• Etik.

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