Nanobionic humans: the future of nano-material-supported implants and wearable technologies

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 4, 1 - 33, 28.12.2025

Sudegül Özkul , Afnan Ashour Tumeh , Ediz Kayalı , Ruken Aydın , Juri Younso , Berk Sevimli , Damla Gül Aydoğmuş , İrem Türk , Fatma Nur Maran

Öz

This review article provides an overview of the topic “The nanobionic human: the future of nano-material-supported implants and wearable technologies”, examining this subject under various headings: human-machine interfaces, wearable technologies, biointegration and biocompatibility, ethical dimensions, and future perspectives. The article examines the topic of nanotechnology in human-machine interfaces from a transhumanism perspective, along with nanotechnology-supported implants and their orthopaedic and other applications under subheadings. The future expectations and challenges of these topics are also evaluated. The effects, performance, and uses of nanotechnology on human health are discussed under nanobionic wearable technologies. This study evaluates how human-computer integration is being redefined by nanotechnological advances from a transhumanism perspective. The Nanobionic Wearable Technologies section discusses the usage methods, application forms, benefits, and materials of smart textiles (nano-silver and nano-carbon-based conductive fabrics), nanosensors in health monitoring (glucose sensors, electrolyte sensors, heart and biomechanics), and piezoelectric sensors (sports science, military technologies, health sciences). The Biointegration and Biocompatibility section discusses the immunological response and biocompatibility of nanomaterials, explaining the working mechanisms and differences between hard and soft protein coronas and mentioning the Vroman effect. Tissue engineering and how nanoimplants can be integrated into the body are detailed, along with the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. It explains how the repair mechanism of microcapsules works when nanoimplants are damaged. It discusses the uses, mechanisms, and areas of application of hydrogels when microcapsules are insufficient. The ethical dimension of nanobionic technologies discusses the ethical and human implications of these developments. It addresses cyber security, data security, socio-economic conditions, legal responsibilities in artificial intelligence decisions, and equal opportunities. The future perspectives section examines the future of nanotechnology and cyborg concepts. It discusses the revolutionary potential of this technology in the performance of personalised wearable nanotechnologies and their ethical implications. The conclusion provides an overview.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nanobionic , Nanobionic weareble materials , Nanobiotechnology; Nanotechnology , Nanoparticles , Ethics.

Nanobiyonik insanlar: nano malzeme destekli implantların ve giyilebilir teknolojilerin geleceği

Öz

Bu derleme makalede ‘nanobiyonik insan: nano malzeme destekli implantlar ve giyilebilir teknolojilerin geleceği’ adlı
konuya genel bir bakış yapılmıştır ve bu konu farklı başlıklar altında insan ve makine arayüzleri, giyilebilir teknolojiler,
biyoentegrasyon ve biyouyumluluk, etik boyut ve gelecek perspektifleri olarak incelenmiştir. Makalede insan makine
arayüzünde nanoteknoloji konusunu transhümanizm perspektifinden nanoteknoloji destekli implantlar ve bunların orotpedik
uygulamalarıyla beraber diğer uygulamaları altbaşlıklarıyla incelenmiştir. Bu konuların gelecekteki beklentileri, zorlukları da
değerlendirilmiştir. Nanoteknolojinin insan sağlığına karşı nanobiyonik giyilebilir teknolojiler altında etkilerinden,
performansından ve kullanım şekillerinden bahsedilmektedir. Bu çalışma, insan-bilgisayar entegrasyonu nanoteknolojik
ilerlemeler ile yeniden tanımlanışının nasıl yapıldığını transhümanizm perspektifinden değerlendirmektedir. Nanobiyonik
Giyilebilir Teknolojiler bölümünde, akıllı tekstillerin (nano-gümüş ve nano-karbon bazlı iletken kumaşlar), sağlık takibinde
nanosensörler (glikoz sensörleri, elektrolit sensörleri, kalp ve biyomekanik), piezoelektrik sensörler (spor bilimleri, askeri
teknolojiler, sağlık bilimleri) alanlarında kullanım şekilleri, uygulanma biçimleri, yararları ve malzemelerinden
bahsedilmiştir. Biyoentegrasyon ve Biyouyumluluk bölümünde ise immünolojik yanıt ve nanomalzemelerin biyouyumluğu
hakkında tartışılıp sert ve yumuşak protein koronaların çalışma mekanizmaları, farklılıkları anlatılıp vroman etkisinden
bahsedilmiştir. Doku mühendisliği ile nanoimplantların vücuda nasıl entegre edilebileceği ve ekstraselüler matriks yapısı
(ECM) detaylandırılmıştır. Nanoimplantların hasar alması durumunda mikrokapsüllerin onarım mekanizmasının nasıl
çalıştığı anlatılmaktadır. Mikrokapsüllerin yetersiz olduğu durumlarda hidrojellerin kullanım şekillerinden, mekanizmasından
ve alanlarından bahsedilmektedir. Nanobiyonik teknolojilerin etik boyutunda bu gelişmlerin etik ve insan geliştirmelerinden
bahsedilmiştir. Siber güvenlik, veri güvenliği, sosyoekonomik durumlar, yapay zeka kararlarındaki yasal sorumluluklar ve
fırsat eşitliklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Gelecek persfektifler kısmında nanoteknolojinin geleceği ve cyborg kavramları
incelenmiştir. Bu teknolojinin kişiselleştirilmiş giyilebilir nanoteknolojilerin performanslarındaki devrimsel potansiyelinden
ve bunların etik durumlarından bahsedilmiştir. Sonuç kısmında makalede incelenen konulara genel bir bakış ve makale
sonucunda ulaşılan görüş açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nanobiyonik , Nanobiyonik giyilebilir malzemeler , Nanobiyoteknoloji; Nanoteknoloji , Nanoparçacıklar , Etik.

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