THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES

Arif Esen Baykurt

doi:10.22252/ijca.1959375

TR EN

MODERNİST HEYKELDE FORM, MALZEME VE ANLAMIN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: 1900–1945 VE SONRASI ETKİLER

Abstract

Heykel sanatı, tarihsel olarak insan bedeni, mitolojik anlatılar ve anıtsal temsil üzerine temellenmiş; ancak 20. yüzyıl başındaki Modernizm ile dönüşüm sürecine girmiştir. Bu makale, modernist heykelde form, malzeme ve anlamın 1900–1945 yılları arasında nasıl değiştiğini ve bu değişimlerin 1945 sonrası heykel pratiklerini nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Literatür taramasına dayalı nitel sanat tarihi incelemesi olarak çalışma, Rodin, Brâncuși, Picasso, Boccioni, Gabo, Tatlin, Moore, Hepworth, Arp, Giacometti ve Duchamp’ın örnekleri üzerinden değerlendirme yapmaktadır. Makale, modernist heykelin yalnızca üslupsal değişim olarak değil; hareket, mekân, zaman, çevre, nesneleşme, malzeme, izleyici deneyimi ve nesne-mekân ilişkileri bağlamında yeniden tanımlanması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Boccioni’nin manifestosu, MoMA katalogları, sanatçı yazıları, malzeme çalışmaları ve Krauss’un kuramsal çerçevesi bu okumayı desteklemektedir. Araştırma, seçilmiş 20 eserle sınırlı tutulmuştur; Calder, David Smith, Anthony Caro, Judd ve Morris örnekleri Minimalizm, kavramsal sanat ve postmodern çoğulculuk bağlamında 1945 sonrası etkileri izlemek için kullanılmaktadır. Makale, modernist heykeldeki dönüşüme karşılaştırmalı ve kapsamlı bir yorum sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Modern Heykel, Rodin, Picasso, Moore, Giacometti, Konstrüktivizm, Minimalizm., nesne-mekân ilişkileri

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen kurum yok

Ethical Statement

Etik Raporu Gerelmez.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES

Abstract

Sculpture, historically grounded in the human body, mythological narratives, and monumental representation, underwent a fundamental transformation with early twentieth-century Modernism. This article examines how form, material, and meaning changed in modernist sculpture between 1900 and 1945, and how these changes shaped post-1945 practices. Based on a qualitative art-historical literature review, the study evaluates selected examples by Rodin, Brâncuși, Picasso, Boccioni, Gabo, Tatlin, Moore, Hepworth, Arp, Giacometti, and Duchamp. It argues that modernist sculpture should be read not merely as stylistic change, but as a redefinition of movement, space, time, environment, objecthood, material, viewer experience, and object-space relations. Boccioni’s manifesto, MoMA catalogues, artist writings, material studies, and Krauss’s theoretical framework support this reading. The study is limited to 20 selected works, using Calder, David Smith, Anthony Caro, Judd, and Morris to trace post-1945 legacies in Minimalism, conceptual art, and postmodern pluralism. Through this scope, the article offers a comparative interpretation of modernist sculptural transformation.

Keywords

Modern Sculpture, Rodin, Picasso, Moore, Giacometti, Constructivism, Minimalism., Object–Space Relations

Supporting Institution

MuafNo funding or supporting institution was received.

Ethical Statement

no ethics report required

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Table 1. Created by the author based on the literature used in the article and selected artist examples.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plastic Arts (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Arif Esen Baykurt ^*
0000-0002-1438-1276
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

June 25, 2026

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

May 26, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.1959375

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA25ZD39RE

APA

Baykurt, A. E. (2026). THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür Ve Sanat Dergisi, 12(1), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.1959375

AMA

1.Baykurt AE. THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES. IJCA. 2026;12(1):259-271. doi:10.22252/ijca.1959375

Chicago

Baykurt, Arif Esen. 2026. “THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES”. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür Ve Sanat Dergisi 12 (1): 259-71. https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.1959375.

EndNote

Baykurt AE (June 1, 2026) THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi 12 1 259–271.

IEEE

[1]A. E. Baykurt, “THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES”, IJCA, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 259–271, June 2026, doi: 10.22252/ijca.1959375.

ISNAD

Baykurt, Arif Esen. “THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES”. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi 12/1 (June 1, 2026): 259-271. https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.1959375.

JAMA

1.Baykurt AE. THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES. IJCA. 2026;12:259–271.

MLA

Baykurt, Arif Esen. “THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES”. İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür Ve Sanat Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 259-71, doi:10.22252/ijca.1959375.

Vancouver

1.Arif Esen Baykurt. THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES. IJCA. 2026 Jun. 1;12(1):259-71. doi:10.22252/ijca.1959375

MODERNİST HEYKELDE FORM, MALZEME VE ANLAMIN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: 1900–1945 VE SONRASI ETKİLER

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORM, MATERIAL, AND MEANING IN MODERNIST SCULPTURE: 1900–1945 AND POST-1945 LEGACIES

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Early Pub Date

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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