The Impact of Using Model and Augmented Reality Technology on Students’ Science Achievement, Motivation, and Interest Levels

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 633 - 648, 20.09.2022

Şeyma Nur Sivri , Eylem Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.1123204

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of modelling and the material designed with augmented reality technology on the academic success of students, their motivation, and interest levels towards the science course. The study was conducted in 6th grade science units of "Support and Movement System" and "Systems in Our Body". In the study, quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group was applied. The study was carried out with three groups: the control group, the augmented reality experimental group and the modeling experimental group. The research sample consists of a total of 66 students studying at a public middle school in the Küçükçekmece district of Istanbul province, during the 2020-2021 academic year. To collect data, a 30-item Science Achievement Test, a 23-item Science Motivation Scale, and a 27-item Science Interest Scale were applied. Kruskal Wallis test was applied for multiple comparisons, and Mann Whitney U tests were carried out for post-hoc comparasions. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were applied for intragroup comparisons. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of augmented reality and modeling technique in the science course had a statistically significant effect on the academic success, motivation, and interest of the students towards the science course.

Keywords

Augmented Reality, Modeling, Science Achievement, Interest, Motivation

References

• Abdüsselam, M. S. & Karal, H. (2012). The effect of mixed reality environments on the students’academic achievement in physics education: 11th Grade magnetism topic example. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 1(4), 170-181.
• Akçayır, M. & Akçayır, G. (2017). Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education: a systematic review of the literature. Educational Research Review, 20, 1–11.
• Akıllı, M. & Seven, S. (2014). The effects of 3D computer models to academic achievement and spatial ability: atomic models. Turkish Journal of Education, 3(1), 11-23.
• Akıllı, M. (2011). The teaching of "structure of atom" subject to 2nd year primary science education students using 3D computer model (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 301121)
• Akpınar, E. & Ergin, Ö. (2005). A sample instruction for science teaching based on constructivist theory. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 29: 9-17.
• Balkan, A. (2007). The effects of using maps on lesson behaviors, achievement, and memorization level in social studies to the seventh-grade primary students (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 239072)
• Batı, K. (2014). The effectiveness of modeling-based science education; ıt’s effects on students’ views about nature of science and critical thinking (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 383791)
• Berg, B.L. (2001). Qualitative research, message for the social sciences. (4th Edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 15-35.
• Bilal, E. (2010). Effects of electricity instruction by modeling on conceptual understanding, academic achievement, and epistemological beliefs (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 265534)
• Birişçi, S. & Karal, H. (2010). Pre-service computer teachers’ views on usability of computer animations in education. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 5(4), 1614-1627.
• Burkaz, S. (2012). Application of three-dimensional modelling in the context of constructivist learning in teaching science and technology (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 317806)
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (22. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Chang, Y. J., Chen, S. F. & Huang, J. D. (2011). A kinect-based system for physical rehabilitation: a pilot study for young adults with motor disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2566-2570.
• Cheng, K. H. & Tsai, C.C. (2013). Affordances of augmented reality in science learning: suggestions for future research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449-462.
• Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education. (5th Edition). London: Routledge Falmer. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203224342
• Çallıca, H., Erol, M., Sezgin, G. & Kavcar, N. (2001). İlköğretim kurumlarında laboratuvar uygulamalarına ilişkin bir çalışma. IV. Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi Kongresi, 217-219. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi.
• Çevik, M. E. (2018). The effects of using models in the teaching of 11th grade gas unit on studens’ achievement and their attitudes toward chemistry (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 517881)
• Çoban, G. Ü. (2009). The effects of model-based science education on students’ conceptual understanding, science process skills, understanding of scientific knowledge and its domain of existence: The sample of 7th grade unit of light (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 231558)
• Çökelez, A. (2015). Models and modeling in science education, teachers, prospective teacahers and students: literature review. Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(15), 255-272.
• Dede, Y. & Yaman, S. (2008). A questionnaire for motivation toward science learning: A validity and reliability study. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 1(2), 19-37.
• Delello, J. A. (2014). Insights from pre-service teachers using science-based augmented reality. Journal of Computers in Education, 1(4), 295–311. DOI:10.1007/s40692-014-0021-y
• Demirçalı, S. (2016). The effects of model-based science education on students' academic achevement, scientific process skills and mental model devolopment: the sample of 7th grade unit of “The Solar System and Beyond: The Puzzle of Space” (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 450167)
• Demirel, Ö. & Altun, E. (2007). Öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal tasarımı (1. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem A yayıncılık.
• Düşkün, İ. (2011). Sun-earth-moon model development and the effect on academic success in astronomy education of pre-service science teachers (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 286859)
• Ecevit, T. & Özdemir Şimşek, P. (2017). The evaluation of teachers’ science concept teaching and their action to diagnose and eliminate misconceptions. Elementary Education Online, 16(1), 129-150.
• Erbaş, Ç. (2016). The effects of mobile augmented reality applications on students' academic achievement and motivation (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 426260)
• Ermiş, U. (2012). The effect of using smart board upon academic success and student motivation in science and technology lesson (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 317105)
• Fleck, S., Simon, G. & Christian Bastien, J. M. (2014, September). AIBLE: An inquiry-based augmented reality environment for teaching astronomical phenomena. IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality-Media, Arts, Social Science, Humanities and Design. Münich, Germany.
• Gilbert, J. K. & Boulter, C. B. (1998). Learning science through models and modeling. In B. Fraser and K. Tobin. (Eds.), International Handbook of Science Education (pp.53-66). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Gilbert. C. (1990), Models for primary science and technology education. York: Longman Group Resources Unit.
• Gümüş, İ., Demir, Y., Koçak, E., Kaya, Y., & Kırıcı, M. (2008). The effects of model-teaching on students’ success. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 65-90.
• Günbatar, S. & Sarı, M. (2005). Developing models for difficult and abstract concepts in electrics and magnetism. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Education Faculty, 25(1), 185-197.
• Güzel, H. (2000). İlköğretim okullarında I. ve II. kademedeki fen bilgisi derslerinde laboratuvar etkinlikleri ve araç kullanımı düzeyi. IV. Fen Eğitimi Kongresi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi.
• Harrison, A. G. & Treagust, D. F. (1998). Modelling in science lessons: Are there better ways to learn with models. School Science and Mathematics, 98(8), 420-429.
• Harrison, A. G. (2001). How do teachers and textbook writers’ model scientific ideas for students? Research in Science Education, 31, 401-435.
• Hodson, D. (1998). Science fiction: the continuing misrepresentation of science in the school curriculum. Curriculum Studies, 6(2), 191-216.
• İbili, E. & Şahin, S. (2013). Software design and development of an interactive 3D geometry book using augmented reality: ARGE3D. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 13 (1), 1-8. DOI: 10.5578/fmbd.6213
• Kırıkkaya, B. E. & Şentürk, M. (2018). The impact of using augmented reality technology in the solar system and beyond unit on the academic achievement of the students. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(1), 181-189.
• Koponen, I.T. (2007). Models and modeling in physics education: a critical re-analysis of philosophical underpinnings and suggestions for revisions. Science Education, 16,751–753.
• Köklü, N. (2009). The effect of pedagogic and analogic models in teaching of electrics subject to the success of student (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 237379)
• Küçük, S. (2015). Effects of learning anatomy via mobile augmented reality on medical students' academic achievement, cognitive load, and views toward implementation (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 389140)
• Maharg, P. (2000). Rogers, constructivism, and jurisprudence: educational critique and the legal curriculum. International Journal of the Legal Profession, 7(3), 189-203. Martella, R. C., Nelson, J. R., Morgan, R. L. & Marchand-Martella, N. E. (2013). Understanding and interpreting educational research, Guilford Press.
• Minaslı, E. (2009). The effect of using model and simulation teaching techniques on the achivement, concept learning and remembering in the unit of structure and properties of matter (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 250817)
• NRC. (2007). Taking science to school: learning and teaching science in grades k-8. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11625.html.
• NRC. (2012). Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century. Committee on Defining Deeper Learning and 21st Century Skills. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/13398.
• Örnek, G. (2010). The effects of the models on learning the subject `? mitosis division?? instructed in biology lessons at 10th grades of high schools (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 264327)
• Özarslan, Y. (2013). The effect of augmented reality enhanced learning materials on learners’ achievement and learners’ satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 331054)
• Özcan, K. V. (2016). The effects of 3D model assisted medical education on students' academic achievement, spatial skills, and attitudes (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 433814)
• Özdener, N. (2005). Deneysel öğretim yöntemlerinde benzetişim (simulation) kullanımı. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(4), 13-19.
• Sarıkaya, R., Selvi, M. & Doğan Bora, N. (2004). Mitoz ve mayoz bölünme konularının öğretiminde model kullanmanın önemi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 12(1), 85-88.
• Shelton, B. E. & Hedley, N. R. (2002). Using augmented reality for teaching earth-sun relationships to undergraduate geography students. In Augmented Reality Toolkit, The First IEEE International Workshop. DOI: 10.1109/ART.2002.1106948
• Sırakaya, M. (2015) Effects of augmented reality applications on students' achievement, misconceptions, and course engagement (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 419423)
• Şahin, D. (2017). Effect of science teaching with the augmented reality technology on secondary school students' achievement and their attitude towards the course (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 459513)
• Şimşek, C. & Nuhoğlu, H. (2013). The development of a reliable and valid cruosityscale for science subjects. Sakarya University Journal of Education Faculty, 0(18), 28-41.
• Taşkıran, A., Koral, E. & Bozkurt, A. (2015). Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamasının yabancı dil eğitiminde kullanılması. 15. Akademik Bilişim Kongresi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi. 4-6 Şubat 2015.
• Tian, K., Endo, M., Urata, M., Mouri, K. &Yasuda, T. (2014). Multi-viewpoint smartphone AR-based learning system for astronomical observation. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 6(5), 396–400.
• Tomi, A. B. & Rambli, D. R. A. (2013). An interactive mobile augmented reality magical playbook: Learning number with the thirsty crow. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 123–130. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.015
• Ulusoy, F. (2011). The effects of interventions based on chemical modelling and computer-based teaching over 12 graders' learning outcomes: The case of chemical bonding (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 298547) Üce, M., Özkaya, A. R. & Sahin, M. (2001). Kimya eğitimi. IV. Fen bilimleri eğitimi kongresi. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi.
• Ünder, H. (2010). Manifestations of epistemological theses of constructivism in the science and technology programs of Turkish elementary education. Education and Science, 35(158), 199-214.
• Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y. & Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers & Education, 62, 41-49. Yaşar, Ş. (1998, 9-11 Eylül). Yapısalcı kuram ve öğrenme-öğretme süreci. Vll. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi, 98: 695-701.
• Yen, J.-C., Tsai, C.-H. & Wu, M. (2013). Augmented reality in the higher education: students’ science concept learning and academic achievement in astronomy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 165-173.
• Yiğit, N., & Akdeniz, A. R. (2000). Fizik öğretiminde bilgisayar destekli materyallerin geliştirilmesi; öğrenci çalışma yaprakları. IV. Fen Bilimleri Eğitim Kongresi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi.
• Zeynelgiller, O. (2006). The effect of the use of models in chemistry subject of science lesson in secondary schools on students' success (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 196485)
• Zeytinli-Ünal, M. (2018). Teaching 8th grades "Living things and energy relations" unit with using models (Master’s thesis). Available from Thesis Center of The Turkish Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez Merkezi). (Thesis No: 514221)
• Zhang, J., Sung, Y. T., Hou, H. T., ve Chang, K. E. (2014). The development and evaluation of an augmented reality based armillary sphere for astronomical observation instruction. Computers and Education, 73, 178–188.