Mental Health of PE’s Teachers in Indonesia: Analysis between Well-Being Psychological Capital and Social Support with Demographic Factors
Year 2024,
Volume: 7 Issue: 5, 1069 - 1077
Deasyanti Deasyanti
,
Miftakhul Jannah
,
Juriana Juriana
,
Kurnia Takhi
,
Tirto Apriyanto
,
Sharifah Maimunah Syed Mud Puad
Abstract
Mental health is crucial in education, including physical education. No research has yet profiled the mental health of physical education teachers in Indonesia. This study aims to identify and analyze the mental health conditions of these teachers through well-being, psychological capital, and social support profiles. The sample consisted of 248 physical education teachers in Indonesia. Most participants were male (87.9%), aged 21-40 years (54%), with a sports education background (80.2%), state school status (74.2%), a bachelor's degree (85.9%), and over 10 years of teaching experience (56.9%). The instruments used were the MHC-SF (Mental Health Continuum Short Form), with validity ranging from 0.477 to 0.723 and a reliability coefficient of r = 0.899. The PCQ (Psychological Capital Questionnaire) with validity from 0.233 to 0.49 and r = 0.904, and the MSPSS (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) with validity from 0.339 to 0.746 and r = 0.885. The results showed that most teachers' mental health was in the moderate category. In conclusion, no difference in well-being was found among teachers (p> 0.005). However, differences in psychological capital were observed between male and female teachers (p <0.05), and social support varied with age, teaching status, teaching experience, and marital status (p <0.05). Further research is needed to explore the causes of these differences to enhance teachers' well-being.
Ethical Statement
This hereby states
1. Able to comply with applicable regulations at the University and related agencies.
2. Able to carry out a research code of ethics
Supporting Institution
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Project Number
1321/UN40.A6/KP/2024
Thanks
Many thanks to fellow researchers for their time and thoughts so that this written work can be created.
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- Foroughi, A., Henschel, N. T., Shahi, H., Hall, S. S., Meyers, L. S., Sadeghi, K., Parvizifard, A., Boehnke, K., & Brand, S. (2023). Keeping Things Positive: Affect as a Mediator between Physical Activity and Psychological Functioning. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(11), 2428–2459. [Crossref]
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- Gilchrist, J. D., Gohari, M. R., Benson, L., Patte, K. A., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2023). Reciprocal associations between positive emotions and resilience predict flourishing among adolescents. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 43(7), 313–320. [PubMed]
- Gunawan, R., & Hendriani, W. (2019). Psychological Well-being pada Guru Honorer di Indonesia : A Literature Review Lalu Reza Gunawan, Wiwin Hendriani Universitas. Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 4(1), 105–113. [Crossref]
- Henry, A., Tourbah, A., Camus, G., Deschamps, R., Mailhan, L., Castex, C., Gout, O., & Montreuil, M. (2019). Anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis: The mediating effects of perceived social support. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 27, 46–51. [PubMed]
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- Karabey, S., & Arslan, S. (2020). Research on High School Students’ and Teachers’ Mental Health Literacy Levels in Istanbul, Turkey. European Journal of Public Health, 30(5). [Crossref]
- Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207. [PubMed]
- Khatiwada, J., Muzembo, B. A., Wada, K., & Ikeda, S. (2021). The effect of perceived social support on psychological distress and life satisfaction among Nepalese migrants in Japan. PLOS ONE, 16(2), e0246271. [PubMed]
- Knezevic, S., Toptaş Demirci, P., Stajic, D., Güven, E., and Jandrić-Kočić,, M.(2024). Exercise Self-Efficacy, Body Image, and Perception of Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults. Int. J. Act. Health Aging ,2(1),18-24. [Crossref]
- Landolfi, A., Barattucci, M., De Rosa, A., & Lo Presti, A. (2021). The Association of Job and Family Resources and Demands with Life Satisfaction through Work–Family Balance: A Longitudinal Study among Italian Schoolteachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behavioral Sciences, 11(10), 136. [PubMed]
- Liu, L. (2023). Analysis of the Relationship between Mental Health and Social Support Systems in Old Age. Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 10–13. [Crossref]
- Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2006). Psychological Capital. Oxford University Press. . [Crossref]
- Mansimranjit Kaur Uppal. (2021). World Mental Health Day: Steer away from the Detrimental. International Healthcare Research Journal, 5(6), SC5–SC6. [Crossref]
- Masa, A., Derzsi-Horváth, M., Tobak, O., & Deutsch, K. (2022). Mental Health and Social Support of Teachers in Szeged, Hungary. International Journal of Instruction, 15(4), 667–682. [Crossref]
- Ni, M. Y., Yao, X. I., Cheung, F., Wu, J. T., Mary Schooling, C., Pang, H., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Determinants of physical, mental and social well-being: A longitudinal environment-wide association study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(2), 380–389. [PubMed]
- Sasaki, E., Overall, N. C., Reis, H. T., Righetti, F., Chang, V. T., Low, R. S. T., Henderson, A. M. E., McRae, C. S., Cross, E. J., Jayamaha, S. D., Maniaci, M. R., & Reid, C. J. (2023). Feeling loved as a strong link in relationship interactions: Partners who feel loved may buffer destructive behavior by actors who feel unloved. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 125(2), 367–396. [PubMed]
- Selivanova, J., Konovalova, M., & Shchetinina, E. (2020). Relationship of indicators of socio-psychological adaptation and characteristics of personal self-determination in students with special needs. E3S Web of Conferences, 210.
- Simonton, K. L., Layne, T. E., Brown, B., & Loupe, K. (2022). Physical education teacher experiences through the lens of a pandemic: Putting a spotlight on teacher beliefs, practices, emotional fragility, and well-being. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42(1), 123–134.
- Simonton, K. L., Layne, T. E., & Irwin, C. C. (2021). Project-based learning and its potential in physical education: an instructional model inquiry. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 12(1), 36–52. [Crossref]
- Söderberg, M., Andersson, E. M., Björk, L., & Wastensson, G. (2020). Study Demands, Social Support and Mental Health in Teacher Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 10(3), 1. [Crossref]
- Stifter, C., Augustine, M., & Dollar, J. (2020). The role of positive emotions in child development: A developmental treatment of the broaden and build theory. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(1), 89–94. [Crossref]
- Sun, R., Teulings, I., & Sauter, D. (2023). Why Being Social and Active Boosts Psychological Wellbeing: A Mediating Role of Momentary Positive Emotions. Social Psychological and Personality Science. [Crossref]
- Tahki, K., Hernawan, H., Ali, N., & Hermanto, H. (2020). The effectiveness of ORIGIN training to improve the psychological well-being of candidate physical education teachers. Solid State Technology, 9910–9931.
- Thomas, E. L., Frost, G., Taylor-Robinson, S. D., & Bell, J. D. (2012). Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects. Nutrition Research Reviews, 25(1), 150–161. [PubMed]
- Van Zyl, L. E. (2019). Enhancing scientific credibility: An open science strategy for the South African Journal of Industrial Psychology. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 45. [Crossref]
- Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., & Hua, W. (2019). The Impact of Psychological Capital and Occupational Stress on Teacher Burnout: Mediating Role of Coping Styles. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(4), 339–349. [Crossref]
- Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. [Crossref]
Year 2024,
Volume: 7 Issue: 5, 1069 - 1077
Deasyanti Deasyanti
,
Miftakhul Jannah
,
Juriana Juriana
,
Kurnia Takhi
,
Tirto Apriyanto
,
Sharifah Maimunah Syed Mud Puad
Project Number
1321/UN40.A6/KP/2024
References
- Ahmed, A. (2019). Mental Health problem and Sustainable Development in India: An Overview. Indian Journal of Community Health, 31(2), 173–178. [Crossref]
- Apriningrum, R. E., & Utami, L. H. (2021). The Role of Spiritual well-being and Self-efficacy on Kindergarten Teachers Burnout/ Peran Spiritual well-being dan Self-efficacy terhadap Burnout pada Guru TK. Psikoislamika : Jurnal Psikologi Dan Psikologi Islam, 18(1), 218–227. [Crossref]
- Biernat, E., Piątkowska, M., & Rozpara, M. (2022). Is the Prevalence of Low Physical Activity among Teachers Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8868. [PubMed]
- Buonomo, I., Fiorilli, C., & Benevene, P. (2019). The impact of emotions and hedonic balance on teachers’ self-efficacy: Testing the bouncing back effect of positive emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JULY), 1–7. [PubMed]
- Burhanuddin, N. A. N., Ahmad, N. A., Said, R. R., & Asimiran, S. (2019). A Systematic Review of the Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Research Development: Implementation and Gaps. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9). [Crossref]
- Chee, H. J., Ma’rof, A. A., Abdullah, H., & Zarimohzzabeih, Z. (2023). The Relationship Between Social Adaptability, Psychological Distress, and Parental Attitude on Life Satisfaction among Malaysian Young Adults. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(14), 1–15. [Crossref]
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed-Methods Approaches. In Sage (Third Edit, Vol. 4, Issue 11). [Crossref]
- Dong, Y., Xu, L., Wu, S., Qin, W., Hu, F., Li, M., & Xu, Y. (2022). The Mediating Effect of Perceived Social Support on Mental Health and Life Satisfaction among Residents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 8500 Subjects in Taian City, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14756. [Crossref]
- Ferradás, M. del M., Freire, C., García-Bértoa, A., Núñez, J. C., & Rodríguez, S. (2019). Teacher Profiles of Psychological Capital and Their Relationship with Burnout. Sustainability, 11(18), 5096. [Crossref]
- Foroughi, A., Henschel, N. T., Shahi, H., Hall, S. S., Meyers, L. S., Sadeghi, K., Parvizifard, A., Boehnke, K., & Brand, S. (2023). Keeping Things Positive: Affect as a Mediator between Physical Activity and Psychological Functioning. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(11), 2428–2459. [Crossref]
- Freire, C., Ferradás, M. D. M., García-Bértoa, A., Núñez, J. C., Rodríguez, S., & Piñeiro, I. (2020). Psychological capital and burnout in teachers: The mediating role of flourishing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 1–14. [PubMed]
- Gilchrist, J. D., Gohari, M. R., Benson, L., Patte, K. A., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2023). Reciprocal associations between positive emotions and resilience predict flourishing among adolescents. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 43(7), 313–320. [PubMed]
- Gunawan, R., & Hendriani, W. (2019). Psychological Well-being pada Guru Honorer di Indonesia : A Literature Review Lalu Reza Gunawan, Wiwin Hendriani Universitas. Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 4(1), 105–113. [Crossref]
- Henry, A., Tourbah, A., Camus, G., Deschamps, R., Mailhan, L., Castex, C., Gout, O., & Montreuil, M. (2019). Anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis: The mediating effects of perceived social support. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 27, 46–51. [PubMed]
- Juriana, J., Tahki, K., & Sujiono, B. (2019). Identification of psychological well-being in sport science students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1318(1). [Crossref]
- Karabey, S., & Arslan, S. (2020). Research on High School Students’ and Teachers’ Mental Health Literacy Levels in Istanbul, Turkey. European Journal of Public Health, 30(5). [Crossref]
- Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207. [PubMed]
- Khatiwada, J., Muzembo, B. A., Wada, K., & Ikeda, S. (2021). The effect of perceived social support on psychological distress and life satisfaction among Nepalese migrants in Japan. PLOS ONE, 16(2), e0246271. [PubMed]
- Knezevic, S., Toptaş Demirci, P., Stajic, D., Güven, E., and Jandrić-Kočić,, M.(2024). Exercise Self-Efficacy, Body Image, and Perception of Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults. Int. J. Act. Health Aging ,2(1),18-24. [Crossref]
- Landolfi, A., Barattucci, M., De Rosa, A., & Lo Presti, A. (2021). The Association of Job and Family Resources and Demands with Life Satisfaction through Work–Family Balance: A Longitudinal Study among Italian Schoolteachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behavioral Sciences, 11(10), 136. [PubMed]
- Liu, L. (2023). Analysis of the Relationship between Mental Health and Social Support Systems in Old Age. Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 10–13. [Crossref]
- Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2006). Psychological Capital. Oxford University Press. . [Crossref]
- Mansimranjit Kaur Uppal. (2021). World Mental Health Day: Steer away from the Detrimental. International Healthcare Research Journal, 5(6), SC5–SC6. [Crossref]
- Masa, A., Derzsi-Horváth, M., Tobak, O., & Deutsch, K. (2022). Mental Health and Social Support of Teachers in Szeged, Hungary. International Journal of Instruction, 15(4), 667–682. [Crossref]
- Ni, M. Y., Yao, X. I., Cheung, F., Wu, J. T., Mary Schooling, C., Pang, H., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Determinants of physical, mental and social well-being: A longitudinal environment-wide association study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(2), 380–389. [PubMed]
- Sasaki, E., Overall, N. C., Reis, H. T., Righetti, F., Chang, V. T., Low, R. S. T., Henderson, A. M. E., McRae, C. S., Cross, E. J., Jayamaha, S. D., Maniaci, M. R., & Reid, C. J. (2023). Feeling loved as a strong link in relationship interactions: Partners who feel loved may buffer destructive behavior by actors who feel unloved. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 125(2), 367–396. [PubMed]
- Selivanova, J., Konovalova, M., & Shchetinina, E. (2020). Relationship of indicators of socio-psychological adaptation and characteristics of personal self-determination in students with special needs. E3S Web of Conferences, 210.
- Simonton, K. L., Layne, T. E., Brown, B., & Loupe, K. (2022). Physical education teacher experiences through the lens of a pandemic: Putting a spotlight on teacher beliefs, practices, emotional fragility, and well-being. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42(1), 123–134.
- Simonton, K. L., Layne, T. E., & Irwin, C. C. (2021). Project-based learning and its potential in physical education: an instructional model inquiry. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 12(1), 36–52. [Crossref]
- Söderberg, M., Andersson, E. M., Björk, L., & Wastensson, G. (2020). Study Demands, Social Support and Mental Health in Teacher Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 10(3), 1. [Crossref]
- Stifter, C., Augustine, M., & Dollar, J. (2020). The role of positive emotions in child development: A developmental treatment of the broaden and build theory. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(1), 89–94. [Crossref]
- Sun, R., Teulings, I., & Sauter, D. (2023). Why Being Social and Active Boosts Psychological Wellbeing: A Mediating Role of Momentary Positive Emotions. Social Psychological and Personality Science. [Crossref]
- Tahki, K., Hernawan, H., Ali, N., & Hermanto, H. (2020). The effectiveness of ORIGIN training to improve the psychological well-being of candidate physical education teachers. Solid State Technology, 9910–9931.
- Thomas, E. L., Frost, G., Taylor-Robinson, S. D., & Bell, J. D. (2012). Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects. Nutrition Research Reviews, 25(1), 150–161. [PubMed]
- Van Zyl, L. E. (2019). Enhancing scientific credibility: An open science strategy for the South African Journal of Industrial Psychology. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 45. [Crossref]
- Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., & Hua, W. (2019). The Impact of Psychological Capital and Occupational Stress on Teacher Burnout: Mediating Role of Coping Styles. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 28(4), 339–349. [Crossref]
- Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. [Crossref]