Investigation of The Relationship Between Institutions and Environmental Pollution: Evidence From EU Countries

Abstract

As human interaction with nature increases, ecological limits are being exceeded. This leads to an increase in global warming, climate crisis, and environmental destruction. Therefore, finding solutions to growing environmental problems is becoming an important issue. In this context, the study aims to examine the effectiveness of institutions in reducing the ecological footprint. In line with this objective, we conducted an empirical analysis by utilizing the two-stage system GMM estimation method for 22 European Union countries for the period 2002-2018. In addition, in order to broadly examine the effectiveness of institutions on the environment, the study uses the technique of Principal Component Analysis to construct an index of institutional quality with six unique indicators of institutional structure. According to the findings of the study, it is observed that corporate quality reduces the ecological footprint. Therefore, the study finds that institutions play a regulatory role in environmental pollution.

Keywords

• Institutional Quality
• Ecological Footprint
• European Union
• Two Step System GMM

Kurumlar ve Çevre Kirliliği İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: AB Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar

Abstract

İnsanların doğa ile olan etkileşimin artmasıyla birlikte, ekolojik sınırlar aşılmaktadır. Bu durum beraberinde küresel ısınma, iklim krizi ve çevre tahribatının artmasına neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla büyüyen çevre sorunlarına çözüm üretilmesi önem arz eden bir konu haline gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada ekolojik ayak izinin azaltılmasında kurumların etkinliğinin incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda 22 Avrupa Birliği ülkesi için 2002-2018 dönem aralığında iki aşamalı sistem GMM tahmin yönteminden faydalanılarak ampirik bir inceleme yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada kurumların çevre üzerindeki etkinliğinin geniş bir şekilde incelenmesi amacıyla Temel Bileşen Analiz tekniğinden faydalanılarak altı özgün kurumsal yapı göstergesi ile kurumsal kalite endeksi oluşturulmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre kurumsal kalitenin ekolojik ayak izini azalttığı gözlemlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmada kurumların çevre kirliliği üzerinde düzenleyici bir rol oynadığı tespit edilmektedir.

Keywords

• Kurumsal Kalite
• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Avrupa Birliği
• İki Aşamalı Sistem GMM

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