Comparative Analysis of OECD Countries Based on Energy Trilemma Index: A Clustering Approach

Abstract

This study analyzes OECD countries in the context of the energy trilemma index and clusters countries with similar characteristics. In the study, the k-means clustering technique is used. The optimum number of clusters was determined using the Elbow method in combination with the Silhouette Index. Moreover, all results are visualized to enhance comprehensibility. The results show that countries such as Austria, Canada, Finland, and Denmark are in the high energy trilemma group with index scores of 82.2, 82.3, 82.7, and 83.3, respectively. Countries in the high group have achieved a high level of balance between energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability. In addition, countries such as Belgium, Hungary, Australia, the Czech Republic, and Estonia are in the medium energy trilemma group with index scores of 76.4, 76.6, 77.1, 77.6, and 78.7, respectively. Countries in the medium group have made progress in balancing the dimensions of the energy trilemma but have not yet reached excellence. However, countries such as Mexico, Türkiye, Colombia, and Costa Rica are in the low energy trilemma group with index scores of 63.1, 64.1, 64.8, and 69.3, respectively. These low energy trilemma group countries face significant challenges in balancing energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability and need to make improvements in these areas.

Keywords

• Energy Trilemma
• OECD
• K-means
• Cluster Analysis
• Elbow Method.

OECD Ülkelerinin Enerji Trilemma Endeksine Dayalı Karşılaştırmalı Analizi: Kümeleme Yaklaşımı

Abstract

Bu çalışma, OECD ülkelerini enerji trilemma endeksi bağlamında analiz etmekte ve benzer özelliklere sahip ülkeleri kümelemektedir. Çalışmada k-ortalamalar kümeleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Optimum küme sayısı, Siluet Endeksi ile birlikte Dirsek yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, anlaşılabilirliği artırmak için tüm sonuçlar görselleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar Avusturya, Kanada, Finlandiya ve Danimarka gibi ülkelerin sırasıyla 82.2, 82.3, 82.7 ve 83.3 endeks puanlarıyla yüksek enerji trilemma grubunda yer aldığını göstermektedir. Yüksek grupta yer alan ülkeler enerji güvenliği, enerji eşitliği ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik arasında yüksek düzeyde denge sağlamışlardır. Ayrıca Belçika, Macaristan, Avustralya, Çek Cumhuriyeti ve Estonya gibi ülkeler sırasıyla 76.4, 76.6, 77.1, 77.6 ve 78.7 endeks puanlarıyla orta enerji trilemma grubunda yer almaktadır. Orta gruptaki ülkeler enerji trilemmasının boyutlarını dengeleme konusunda ilerleme kaydetmiş ancak henüz mükemmelliğe ulaşamamıştır. Ancak Meksika, Türkiye, Kolombiya ve Kosta Rika gibi ülkeler sırasıyla 63,1, 64,1, 64,8 ve 69,3 endeks puanlarıyla düşük enerji trilemma grubunda yer almaktadır. Bu düşük enerji trilemma grubu ülkeleri enerji güvenliği, enerji eşitliği ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği dengelemede önemli zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır ve bu alanlarda iyileştirmeler yapmaları gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Enerji Trilemması
• OECD
• K-ortalamalar
• Kümeleme Analizi
• Dirsek Yöntemi

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