Gelişmekte Olan Pazarlarda Teknoloji, Rekabet Gücü ve Büyüme-Havacılık İlişkisi: Bootstrap Panel Nedensellik Yaklaşımından Elde Edilen Kanıtlar

Abstract

Bu çalışma, bootstrap panel nedensellik testini kullanarak, sermaye, işgücü, teknoloji ve rekabet gücü faktörlerini kontrol altına alarak, 1997-2019 döneminde on altı ülkedeki gelişmekte olan piyasa ekonomilerinde ekonomik büyüme ile sivil havacılık sektörünün çeşitli faaliyetleri arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini incelemektedir. Kesitsel bağımlılık ve parametre heterojenliği testleri, gelişmekte olan piyasa ekonomilerinin birbirleriyle etkileşim halinde olduğunu ve havacılık endüstrisi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin ülkeden ülkeye farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye ve Endonezya’da yolcu sayısındaki, Çekya ve Polonya’da yük taşımacılığındaki ve Kolombiya, Meksika, Polonya ve Türkiye’den kalkan uçak sayısındaki artışlar ekonomik büyümenin nedenleri olurken, bu ekonomik büyüme Brezilya ve Çin’de yolcu sayısının, Türkiye’de yük taşımacılığının ve Brezilya, Çin, Endonezya ve Güney Afrika’da havayolu şirketlerinin kalkış sayısının artmasının Granger nedenselliği olmuştur. Buna ek olarak, Güney Afrika’da kargo taşımacılığı ile ekonomik büyüme arasında bir geri besleme ilişkisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgular, gelişmekte olan pazarlarda heterojen nedensel kalıpları ortaya koymaktadır. Hava taşımacılığının ekonomik faaliyete katkısını artırmayı amaçlayan bu araştırma, Uluslararası Hava Taşımacılığı Birliği (IATA) raporlarıyla karşılaştırma yaparak politika önerileri sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Bootstrap Panel Nedensellik Testi
• Sivil havacılık
• Rekabet
• Büyüme
• Teknolojik Gelişme

Technology, Competitiveness, and the Growth–Aviation Nexus in Emerging Markets: Evidence from a Bootstrap Panel Causality Approach

Abstract

The current study, using the bootstrap panel causality test, examines the causality relationship between economic growth and different civil aviation sector activities in emerging market economies in sixteen countries over the 1997-2019 period by controlling for the factors of capital, labor, technology, and competitiveness. Cross-sectional dependence and parameter heterogeneity tests reveal that emerging market economies interact with each other and that the relationship between the aviation industry and economic growth differs from country to country. While upward changes in the number of passengers in Türkiye and Indonesia, in freight transport in Czechia and Poland, and in the number of planes departing from Colombia, Mexico, Poland, and Türkiye were the causes of the economic growth, this economic growth has been the Granger cause of the increasing number of passengers in Brazil and China, the freight transport in Türkiye, and carrier departures in Brazil, China, Indonesia, and South Africa. In addition, a feedback relationship between freight transport and economic growth in South Africa has manifested itself. The findings reveal heterogeneous causal patterns across emerging markets. This research, which aims to increase the contribution of air transport to economic activity, presents policy recommendations by making a comparison with the International Air Transport Association (IATA) reports.

Keywords

• Bootstrap Panel Causality Test
• Civil aviation
• Competition
• Growth
• Technological Development

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