The Impact of Financial Structure on Regional Economic Performance from a Strategic Resource Management Perspective : A Provincial-Level Comparison of Participation and Deposit Banking in Türkiye (2010-2024)

Abstract

In this study, the effects of financial intermediation on regional economic performance in Turkey are examined based on the distinction between deposit and participation banking. While the literature on financial development and growth has primarily focused on total credit volume, differences among credit types and regional heterogeneity have been largely overlooked. To address this gap, a balanced panel dataset covering the 2010-2024 period and all 81 provinces was used. With GDP per capita as the dependent variable, a first-difference model incorporating clustered standard errors at the provincial level and year-specific fixed effects was estimated. The findings indicate that commercial bank loans have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic performance, whereas participation bank financing does not have a statistically significant effect. The Wald test also confirms that the effect of commercial bank loans is larger than that of participation bank financing (F(1,80)=5.32, p=0.024). These results are consistent in terms of direction and significance with the robust estimates produced using the CCEMG, AMG, and Driscoll-Kraay methods. Since the CIPS unit root test indicated that the variables exhibit a mixed I(0)/I(1) integration pattern, the findings should be interpreted as conditional relationships adjusted for first differences. When evaluated from the perspective of effective resource management, the study indicates that financial depth is statistically more determinative than credit composition, a finding confirmed by a test for differences between standardized coefficients (F(1,80)=4.94, p=0.029).

Keywords

• Financial intermediation
• regional economic performance
• participation banking
• deposit banking
• strategic resource management

Stratejik Kaynak Yönetimi Perspektifiyle Finansal Yapının Bölgesel Ekonomik Performans Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye’de İl Bazında Katılım ve Mevduat Bankacılığı Karşılaştırması (2010-2024)

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de finansal aracılığın bölgesel ekonomik performans üzerindeki etkileri, mevduat ve katılım bankacılığı ayrımı temelinde incelenmektedir. Finansal gelişme-büyüme literatüründe ağırlıklı olarak toplam kredi hacmine odaklanılırken kredi türleri arasındaki farklılıklar ve bölgesel heterojenlik büyük ölçüde göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu boşluğu doldurmak amacıyla, 81 ili kapsayan 2010-2024 dönemi için dengeli bir panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Kişi başına GSYH'nin bağımlı değişken olduğu çalışmada, il düzeyinde kümelenmiş standart hataları ve yıl sabit etkilerini içeren birinci fark modeli tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, mevduat bankası kredilerinin ekonomik performansı pozitif ve anlamlı biçimde etkilediğini, buna karşın katılım bankası finansmanının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığını göstermektedir. Wald testi de mevduat kredilerinin etkisinin, katılım finansmanına kıyasla daha büyük olduğunu doğrulamaktadır (F(1,80)=5.32, p=0.024). Bu sonuçlar CCEMG, AMG ve Driscoll-Kraay yöntemleriyle üretilen dirençli tahminlerle yön ve anlamlılık bakımından uyumludur. CIPS birim kök testi, değişkenlerin karma bir I(0)/I(1) bütünleşme örüntüsü sergilediğine işaret ettiğinden, bulgular birinci farkla arındırılmış koşullu ilişkiler olarak yorumlanmalıdır. Çalışma, kaynakların etkin yönetimi perspektifiyle değerlendirildiğinde, standartlaştırılmış katsayılar arası fark testiyle de doğrulanan biçimde (F(1,80)=4.94, p=0.029), finansal derinliğin kredi bileşiminden istatistiksel olarak daha belirleyici olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

• Finansal aracılık
• bölgesel ekonomik performans
• katılım bankacılığı
• mevduat bankacılığı
• stratejik kaynak yönetimi

Ethical Statement

Çalışmanın verileri ikincil verilerden elde edildiği ve Anket, mülakat, odak grup çalışması, gözlem, deney, görüşme teknikleri kullanılarak katılımcılardan veri toplanmasını gerektiren nitel ya da nicel yaklaşımlarla yürütülen bir çalışma olmamasından dolayı bu makalede etik beyana gerek yoktur.

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