Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Investigation of Effects of Human Development on Waste Management in the Circular Economy Approach: Evidence of Dynamic Panel Data Analysis for the European Union Countries

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 673 - 685, 26.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1034368

Abstract

Our planet, which has limited resource potential, rapidly approaches the point where it cannot meet the needs of future generations due to the demand for more than it can supply. We believe that the current Linear Economy Model, which operates as “Take-Make-Consume-Dispose”, is no longer valid today; instead, we are witnessing the Circular Economy Model, which is rising on the bases of sustainable production, consumption and recycling processes, gains momentum. The Circular Economy aims to reduce the negative externalities on the environment as much as possible with the efficient use of scarce resources in production and consumption processes, extending the product-life periods starting from the design processes of the products, increasing the benefits by sharing even in their final forms, and a waste management based on resource creation from wastes. Circular Economy, built on a closed material and energy cycle, is included as an alternative development strategy that should be adopted by countries until 2030 within the scope of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of human development on waste management in the European Union countries that adopt the Circular Economy concept, which accepts waste as a resource. In this context, this study examines the relationship between the Human Development Index, as one of the most reliable development indicators, and the Waste Management, according to the income level classification for the European Union countries by using Dynamic Panel Generalized Moments Method. Finally, based on the empirical findings, corresponding policy implications are presented.

References

  • Androniceanu, K. ve Georgescu, I. (2021). Circular economy as a strategic option to promote sustainable economic growth and effective human development. Journal of International Studies, 14(1), 60-73.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error components models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Baltagi, B. (2008). Econometric analysis of panel data. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  • Bond, S. (2002). Dynamic panel data models: A guide to micro data methods and practice. Portuguese Economic Journal, 1, 141–162.
  • Borgese, E. (1988). The mediterranean blue plan: Some furter comments. Environmental Conservation, 15(2), 179-180.
  • Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2015). Towards a circular economy: Business rationale for an accelerated transition. Access address: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/TCE_Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation_9-Dec-2015.pdf (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2020).
  • European Commission (EC) (2015). Closing the loop—An EU action plan for the circular economy (COM/2015/0614 final). Access address: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52015DC0614 (EC, 28.09.2020).
  • European Commission (EC) (2019). Circular economy, dg grow. Access address: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/sustainability/circular-economy_en (EC, 28.09.2020).
  • European Commission (EC) (2020). Circular economy action plan. Access address: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/pdf/new_circular_economy_action_plan.pdf (EC, 28.09.2020).
  • Eurostat (2021a). Atık yönetimi operasyonları ile üretilen kişi başına belediye atıkları. Access address: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (Eurostat, 10.05.2021).
  • Eurostat (2021b). Kişi başına düşen reel gayri safi yurt içi hasıla. Access address: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (Eurostat, 10.05.2021).
  • Eurostat (2021c). Atıkla ilgili göstergeler. Access address: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/waste/data/indicators (Eurostat, 10.05.2021).
  • Ioana, I. (2010). Clean technology from waste management. In proceedings of Advances in Waste Management. 4th WSEAS International Conference on Waste Management, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Indoor Climate (WWAI’10), Energy and Environmental Engineering Series A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks, WSEAS Press, 155-171.
  • Kirchherr, J., Reike D. ve Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 221-232.
  • Okorie, O., Salonitis, K., Charnley, F., Moreno, M., Turner C. ve Tiwari, A. (2018). A data-driven approaches for circular economy in manufacturing for digital technologies: A review of current research and proposed framework. Preprints, 2018080159.
  • Pearce, D. W. ve Turner, R. K. (1990). Economics of natural resources and the environment. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD.
  • Potting, J., Hekkert, M. P., Worrell, E. ve Hanemaaijer, A. (2017). Circular economy: measuring innovation in the product chain. 2544, PBL Publishers, Netherlands.
  • Resmî Gazete (2015). Atık yönetimi yönetmeliği. Access address: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150402-2.htm (Resmî Gazete, 2020).
  • Sayın, F. (2020). Giriş yerine: Döngüsel ekonomiye doğru. Döngüsel Ekonomi-Makro ve Mikro İncelemeler (Ed.: Ferhan Sayın), 1-15, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Sayın F. ve Çelik, O. (2020). Döngüsel ekonomi perspektifinde eko-inovasyon: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri karşılaştırmalı analizi. Ekonomik ve Teknolojik Değişim Sürecinde İnovasyon (Ed.: Gönül Muratoğlu), 523-556, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Song, Q., Li, J. ve Zeng, X. (2015). Minimizing the increasing solid waste through zero waste strategy. Journal Cleaner Production, 104, 199–210.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2021). Birleşmiş Milletler insani gelişme indeksi (İGE). Access address: http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506# (UNDP, 10.05.2021).
  • Utkulu, U. ve Bilik, M. (2020). Atık yönetimi ve ekonomik büyüme: Avrupa Birliği için dinamik panel veri analiz bulguları”. Döngüsel Ekonomi-Makro ve Mikro İncelemeler (Ed.: Ferhan Sayın), 181-207, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Van Buren, N., Demmers, M., der Heijden, R. V. ve Witlox, F. (2016). Towards a circular economy: The role of Dutch logistics industries and governments. Sustainability, 8(7), 647.
  • Wilson, D. C., Rodic, L., Modak, P., Soos, R., Carpintero, R. A., Velis, C. ve Simonett, O. (2015). Global waste management outlook (GWMO). (Ed. UNEP International Environment Technology Centre (IETC)), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), Wilson, DC.
  • Zero Waste International Alliance (ZWIA) (2018). Zero waste definition. Access address: http://zwia.org/zero-waste-definition/. (ZWIA, 07.08.2020).

Döngüsel Ekonomi Yaklaşımında İnsani Gelişmenin Atık Yönetimi Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri için Dinamik Panel Veri Analiz Bulguları

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 673 - 685, 26.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1034368

Abstract

Sınırlı kaynak potansiyeline sahip olan gezegenimiz, gün geçtikçe karşılayabileceğinden çok daha fazlasının talep edilmesi nedeniyle gelecek nesillerin gereksinimlerine cevap veremeyeceği noktaya doğru hızla yaklaşmaktadır. Mevcut “Al-Yap-Tüket-At” şeklinde işleyen Doğrusal Ekonomi Modeli’nin artık günümüzde geçerliliğini yitirdiğine; bunun yerine, sürdürülebilir üretim, tüketim ve geri dönüşüm süreçleri temelinde yükselen Döngüsel Ekonomi Modeli’nin ise ivme kazandığına tanıklık etmekteyiz. Döngüsel Ekonomi; üretim ve tüketim süreçlerinde kıt kaynakların verimli kullanılması, ürünlerin tasarım süreçlerinden başlayarak ürün-yaşam dönemlerinin uzatılması, nihai biçimlerinde bile paylaşılarak faydasının arttırılması ve atıklardan kaynak yaratımı esasına dayalı bir atık yönetimiyle çevre üzerindeki negatif dışsallıkları mümkün olduğunca azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Kapalı malzeme ve enerji döngüsü üzerine kurgulanmış Döngüsel Ekonomi, Birleşmiş Milletler’in Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları kapsamında 2030 yılına kadar ülkeler tarafından benimsenmesi gereken alternatif bir kalkınma stratejisi olarak yer almaktadır. Atığı bir kaynak olarak kabul eden Döngüsel Ekonomi konseptini benimseyen Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde insani gelişmenin atık yönetimi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi, bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, en önemli kalkınma göstergelerinden biri olan İnsani Gelişme Endeksi ile Atık Yönetimi arasındaki ilişkiyi Avrupa Birliği üye ülkeleri için gelir düzey sınıflamasına göre Dinamik Panel Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu kullanılarak incelemektedir. Nihai olarak, elde edilen ampirik bulgular doğrultusunda ilgili politika önerileri sunulmaktadır.

References

  • Androniceanu, K. ve Georgescu, I. (2021). Circular economy as a strategic option to promote sustainable economic growth and effective human development. Journal of International Studies, 14(1), 60-73.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Arellano, M. ve Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error components models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Baltagi, B. (2008). Econometric analysis of panel data. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  • Bond, S. (2002). Dynamic panel data models: A guide to micro data methods and practice. Portuguese Economic Journal, 1, 141–162.
  • Borgese, E. (1988). The mediterranean blue plan: Some furter comments. Environmental Conservation, 15(2), 179-180.
  • Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2015). Towards a circular economy: Business rationale for an accelerated transition. Access address: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/TCE_Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation_9-Dec-2015.pdf (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2020).
  • European Commission (EC) (2015). Closing the loop—An EU action plan for the circular economy (COM/2015/0614 final). Access address: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52015DC0614 (EC, 28.09.2020).
  • European Commission (EC) (2019). Circular economy, dg grow. Access address: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/sustainability/circular-economy_en (EC, 28.09.2020).
  • European Commission (EC) (2020). Circular economy action plan. Access address: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/pdf/new_circular_economy_action_plan.pdf (EC, 28.09.2020).
  • Eurostat (2021a). Atık yönetimi operasyonları ile üretilen kişi başına belediye atıkları. Access address: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (Eurostat, 10.05.2021).
  • Eurostat (2021b). Kişi başına düşen reel gayri safi yurt içi hasıla. Access address: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do (Eurostat, 10.05.2021).
  • Eurostat (2021c). Atıkla ilgili göstergeler. Access address: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/waste/data/indicators (Eurostat, 10.05.2021).
  • Ioana, I. (2010). Clean technology from waste management. In proceedings of Advances in Waste Management. 4th WSEAS International Conference on Waste Management, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Indoor Climate (WWAI’10), Energy and Environmental Engineering Series A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks, WSEAS Press, 155-171.
  • Kirchherr, J., Reike D. ve Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 221-232.
  • Okorie, O., Salonitis, K., Charnley, F., Moreno, M., Turner C. ve Tiwari, A. (2018). A data-driven approaches for circular economy in manufacturing for digital technologies: A review of current research and proposed framework. Preprints, 2018080159.
  • Pearce, D. W. ve Turner, R. K. (1990). Economics of natural resources and the environment. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD.
  • Potting, J., Hekkert, M. P., Worrell, E. ve Hanemaaijer, A. (2017). Circular economy: measuring innovation in the product chain. 2544, PBL Publishers, Netherlands.
  • Resmî Gazete (2015). Atık yönetimi yönetmeliği. Access address: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150402-2.htm (Resmî Gazete, 2020).
  • Sayın, F. (2020). Giriş yerine: Döngüsel ekonomiye doğru. Döngüsel Ekonomi-Makro ve Mikro İncelemeler (Ed.: Ferhan Sayın), 1-15, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Sayın F. ve Çelik, O. (2020). Döngüsel ekonomi perspektifinde eko-inovasyon: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri karşılaştırmalı analizi. Ekonomik ve Teknolojik Değişim Sürecinde İnovasyon (Ed.: Gönül Muratoğlu), 523-556, Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Song, Q., Li, J. ve Zeng, X. (2015). Minimizing the increasing solid waste through zero waste strategy. Journal Cleaner Production, 104, 199–210.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2021). Birleşmiş Milletler insani gelişme indeksi (İGE). Access address: http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506# (UNDP, 10.05.2021).
  • Utkulu, U. ve Bilik, M. (2020). Atık yönetimi ve ekonomik büyüme: Avrupa Birliği için dinamik panel veri analiz bulguları”. Döngüsel Ekonomi-Makro ve Mikro İncelemeler (Ed.: Ferhan Sayın), 181-207, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Van Buren, N., Demmers, M., der Heijden, R. V. ve Witlox, F. (2016). Towards a circular economy: The role of Dutch logistics industries and governments. Sustainability, 8(7), 647.
  • Wilson, D. C., Rodic, L., Modak, P., Soos, R., Carpintero, R. A., Velis, C. ve Simonett, O. (2015). Global waste management outlook (GWMO). (Ed. UNEP International Environment Technology Centre (IETC)), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), Wilson, DC.
  • Zero Waste International Alliance (ZWIA) (2018). Zero waste definition. Access address: http://zwia.org/zero-waste-definition/. (ZWIA, 07.08.2020).
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhan Sayın 0000-0003-1209-7113

Early Pub Date July 26, 2022
Publication Date July 26, 2022
Submission Date December 8, 2021
Acceptance Date February 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 37 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sayın, F. (2022). Döngüsel Ekonomi Yaklaşımında İnsani Gelişmenin Atık Yönetimi Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri için Dinamik Panel Veri Analiz Bulguları. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(3), 673-685. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1034368
İzmir Journal of Economics
is indexed and abstracted by
TR-DİZİN, DOAJ, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, Index Copernicus, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, EconLit, Harvard Hollis, Google Scholar, OAJI, SOBIAD, CiteFactor, OJOP, Araştırmax, WordCat, OpenAIRE, Base, IAD, Academindex

Dokuz Eylul University Publishing House Web Page
https://kutuphane.deu.edu.tr/yayinevi/

Journal Contact Details Page
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ije/contacts