Türkiye’de Ekolojik Ayak İzinin Belirleyicileri: STIRPAT Modeli

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 637 - 657, 04.09.2024

Mine Yılmazer

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1373210

Öz

İnsan kaynaklı ekolojik ayak izi, dünyanın taşıma kapasitesinin üzerine çıkmakta ve gelecek kuşakların yaşamlarını tehdit etmektedir. Ekolojik ayak izinin olumsuz etkisini azaltmak üzere politikalar geliştirilmesi ve fırsatlar yaratılması son derece önemlidir. Ekolojik ayak izinin kapsamı diğer çevre değişkenlerine göre daha geniştir ve literatürde henüz az sayıda çalışmaya konu olmuş bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmada insan faaliyetleri ile çevre ilişkisini açıklamaya yardımcı olan STIRPAT modeli ile ekolojik ayak izi kavramı bir araya getirilmiş, Türkiye’de insanın doğaya olumlu ve olumsuz etkisi analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Türkiye’de 1973-2021 yılları arasında kişi başına düşen GSYİH, nüfus, enerji kullanımı, yeşil teknoloji patentleri ve ihracat ile ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki ilişki ARDL sınır testi ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgulara göre, kişi başına düşen GSYİH, nüfus ve enerji kullanımı ekolojik ayak izini artırmakta, yeşil teknoloji ve ihracat ise azaltmaktadır. Türkiye’nin son dönemde Paris Anlaşması’nı imzalayarak nötr karbon hedefi belirlediği ve Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’na yönelik kriterleri uygulamaya başladığı dikkate alındığında, amaca uygun çevre politikalarına ihtiyacın arttığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı’na uyum politikalarının Türkiye’de sürekli artan ekolojik açığın azaltılmasına katkı yaraması da mümkündür. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye’de ekolojik ayak izinin azaltılması için tüketicinin çevre bilincinin artırılmasına, enerji verimliliğinin sağlanmasına, ihracatta ise çevre hassasiyetine ve yeşil teknoloji kullanımına ihtiyaç olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekolojik ayak izi, STIRPAT modeli, biyolojik kapasite

Determinants of Ecological Footprint in Türkiye: STIRPAT Model

Öz

Anthropogenically ecological footprint exceeds the earth's carrying capacity and threatens the lives of future generations. It is extremely important to develop policies and create opportunities to reduce the negative impact of the ecological footprint. The scope of the ecological footprint is broader than other environmental variables and it is a concept that has been the subject of few studies in the literature. In this study, the STIRPAT model, which helps to explain the relationship between human activities and the environment, and the concept of ecological footprint were brought together, and the positive and negative effects of humans on nature in Türkiye were tried to be analyzed. The relationship between GDP per capita, population, energy use, green technology patents, exports and ecological footprint in Türkiye between 1973 and 2021 was examined with the ARDL bounds test. The results of the test show that there is a long run and statistically significant relationship between the variables. According to the findings, GDP per capita, population and energy use increase the ecological footprint, while green technology and exports reduce it. Considering that Türkiye has recently set a neutral carbon target by signing the Paris Agreement and started to implement the criteria for the European Green Deal, it is seen that the need for appropriate environmental policies has increased. However, it is also possible that compliance policies with the European Green Deal will contribute to reducing the ever-increasing ecological deficit in Türkiye. According to the findings of the study, it can be said that in order to reduce the ecological footprint in Türkiye, there is a need to increase consumer environmental awareness, ensure energy efficiency, and environmental sensitivity and use of green technology in exports..

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ecological footprint, STIRPAT model, biocapacity

Kaynakça

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