An Application On Evaluation Of Fund Selection Criteria In The Individual Retirement System (IRS) With Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods

Year 2025, Volume: 40 Issue: 3, 752 - 769, 16.07.2025

Huriye Akpınar

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1519486

Abstract

Investing involves allocating current financial resources with the expectation of generating future returns. The primary goal of investing is to grow wealth, ensure financial security, and achieve specific financial objectives such as retirement savings. There are various types of investments, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate, each with a risk and return profile. Effective investment strategies often involve diversification to mitigate risk and maximize returns. Within retirement planning, the Individual Retirement System (IRS) plays a crucial role. The IRS allows individuals to contribute a portion of their income into retirement accounts, which are then invested in various financial instruments. This system provides a structured approach to retirement savings, offering flexibility and significant tax advantages. The selection of appropriate funds within these accounts is vital to ensuring optimal growth and security of retirement savings. This study aims to evaluate the criteria affecting fund selection in BES using two important multi-criteria decision-making methods: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytical Network Process (ANP). By applying AHP and ANP, the study defines the effects of basic factors such as risk tolerance, liquidity, fund performance, and diversification on fund selection in BES and evaluates their impact levels. The study aims to increase investment decisions' soundness and reliability and help individuals make informed choices compatible with their financial goals and risk preferences. At the end of the study, the impact levels of the criteria affecting fund selection were calculated, and the results were interpreted.

Keywords

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making , Fund Selection , Individual Retirement System , AHP , ANP

Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Bireysel Emeklilik Sisteminde (BES) Fon Seçim Kriterlerinin Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Bir Uygulama

Abstract

Yatırım, mevcut finansal kaynakların gelecekte getiri elde etme beklentisiyle tahsis edilmesini anlamına gelir. Yatırımın temel amacı serveti artırmak, finansal güvenliği sağlamak ve emeklilik tasarrufları gibi belirli finansal hedeflere ulaşmaktır. Hisse senetleri, tahviller, yatırım fonları ve gayrimenkul dahil olmak üzere her birinin kendi risk ve getiri profili olan çeşitli yatırım türleri vardır. Etkili yatırım stratejileri genellikle riski azaltmak ve getirileri en üst düzeye çıkarmak için çeşitlendirmeyi içerir. Emeklilik planlaması alanında Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemi (BES) önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. BES, bireylerin gelirlerinin bir kısmını emeklilik hesaplarına yatırmalarına ve daha sonra bu hesapları çeşitli finansal araçlara yatırmalarına olanak tanır. Bu sistem emeklilik tasarruflarına yapısal bir yaklaşım sunarak esneklik ve önemli vergi avantajları sunar. Bu hesaplardaki uygun fonların seçimi, optimal büyümenin ve emeklilik tasarruflarının güvenliğinin sağlanması açısından hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, BES'de fon seçimini etkileyen kriterleri iki önemli çok kriterli karar verme yöntemini kullanarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır: Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHP) ve Analitik Ağ Süreci (ANP). Çalışmada, AHP ve ANP'yi uygulayarak, BES'de fon seçimini etkileyen risk toleransı, fon performansı, likidite ve çeşitlilik gibi temel faktörlerin fon seçimi üzerindeki etkileri tanımlamakta ve etki düzeyleri değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada amaç ise, yatırım kararlarının sağlamlığını ve güvenilirliğini artırmak, bireylerin finansal hedefleri ve risk tercihleriyle uyumlu bilinçli seçimler yapmalarına yardımcı olmaktır. Çalışma sonunda fon seçimini etkileyen kriterlerin etki düzeyleri hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.

Keywords

Çok Kriterli Karar Verme , Fon Seçimi , Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemi , AHP , ANP

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