Investigation of Uniaxial Compressive Strength Values of A Polyvinyl Resin Reinforced Silt: An Experimental Study on Resin Amount and Curing Temperature

Abstract

In this study, silt type soil specimens were prepared by using polyvinyl acetate (PVA) resin type thermoset polymer binder. Before the specimen preparation, the soil was classified by sieving and determined to be ML coded inorganic silt according to the Atterberg limit tests. The soil specimen was taken from the Giresun city and the PVA resin was mixed with different amounts of 7% and 14% by weight. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values of the specimens were determined to investigate the effect of varying PVA amounts in the mix. Additionally, different curing temperatures (5°, 25°, 50°) were investigated to assess whether the temperature is an important factor for the performance of the PVA binder. According to the results obtained from this study, specimens with 7% and 14% PVA resin had mean UCS values of 0.9 MPa and 1.6 MPa, respectively. For the investigated interval, UCS values were evaluated to increase up to 59% with increasing curing temperature values. The PVA type polymer resin was assessed to be an advantageous soil binder for various applications.

Keywords

• Polymeric binders
• polyvinyl resin
• polyvinyl acetate
• PVA
• ground improvement

Polivinil Reçine Bağlayıcı ile İyileştirilen Silt Türü Bir Zeminin Dayanım Değerlerinin İncelenmesi: Bağlayıcı Miktarı ve Kür Sıcaklığı Etkisi Üzerine Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışmada polivinil asetat (PVA) reçine türü termoset polimer bağlayıcı kullanılarak silt türü zemin numuneleri oluşturulmuştur. Numune hazırlamadan önce elenerek sınıflandırılmış ve testlerde zemin sınıfı ML kodlu inorganik silt olarak belirlenen numune kullanılmıştır. Giresun ili merkez ilçesine ait silt numunesi farklı oranlarda (kütlece %7 ve %14) polivinil reçine ile karıştırılarak kalıplanmış ve tek eksenli basınç dayanımı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre polivinil reçine bağlayıcı miktarı artışı ile dayanım değerleri de artmıştır. %7 ve %14 polivinil reçine içeren numunelerin dayanımları oda sıcaklığı kür koşullarında ortalama sırasıyla 0,9 MPa ve 1,6 MPa olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı kür sıcaklıklarının (5°, 25°, 50°) polimerleşme üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş ve sıcaklık artışı ile dayanım değerlerinde iyileşme olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen değerler aralığında kür sıcaklığına bağlı olarak dayanımın %59 oranına kadar artış gösterdiği ölçülmüştür. PVA farklı uygulamalarda avantaj sağlayabilecek bir zemin bağlayıcısı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polimer bağlayıcılar
• Polivinil reçine
• Polivinil asetat
• PVA
• Zemin iyileştirme

References

1. Anagnostopoulos, C.A., Kandiliotis, P., Lola, M., and Karavatos, S. (2014). Effect of epoxy resin mixtures on the physical and mechanical properties of sand. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7(17): 3478-3490.
2. Anagnostopoulos, C.A., Sapidis, G. (2017). Mechanical Behaviour of Epoxy Resin-Grouted Sand under Monotonic or Cyclic Loading. Geotechnique Letters 7 (4): 298–303.
3. ASTM International (2010). ASTM D4318-10: Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, 2010 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.
4. Chang, M., Mao, T., Huang, R. (2016). A study on the improvements of geotechnical properties of in-situ soils by grouting. Geomechanics and Engineering 10(4): 527–546.
5. Das, S.C., Nizam, E.H. (2014). Applications of Fibber Reinforced Polymer Composites (FRP) in Civil Engineering. International Journal of Advanced Structures and Geotechnical Engineering 3(3): 299-309.
6. Guo, C., Sun, B., Hu, D., Wang F., Shi M, Li X. (2019). A Field Experimental Study on the Diffusion Behavior of Expanding Polymer Grouting Material in Soil. Soil Mech Found Eng 56: 171–177.
7. ISRM (2007) The blue book—the complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterisation, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds). ISRM and Turkish National Group of ISRM, Ankara
8. Kömürlü, E., Kesimal, A. (2012). Poliüretan Malzeme ile Güçlendirilmiş Zemin Dayanımının İncelenmesi. 14. Ulusal Zemin Mekaniği ve Temel Mühendisliği Kongresi, ISPARTA, TÜRKIYE, 4-5 Ekim 2012, ss.631-642.

9. Kömürlü, E., Kesimal, A. (2013). Geçmişten Günümüze Tünelcilik ve Tahkimat Malzemeleri. Madencilik 52: 33-47.
10. Komurlu, E., Kesimal, A. (2015). An Experimental Study on Polyurethane Foam Reinforced Soil use as Rock-like Material. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 7(5): 566-572.
11. Komurlu, E., Kesimal, A., Demir, S. (2016). Spraying Membrane Layer Effect on Load Bearing Performance of Concrete Liners. European Rock Mechanics Symposium 2016 (EUROCK 2016), Cappadocia, Turkey, 715-719p.
12. Li, X., Aziz, N., Mirzaghorbanali, A., Nemcik, J. (2016). Behavior of Fiber Glass Bolts, Rock Bolts and Cable Bolts in Shear. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49: 2723–2735.
13. Miroshnichenko, S., Plugin, D., Kalinin, O., Zvierieva, A., Reznichenko, I. (2018). Improved bearing resistance of soil foundations of buildings with injectable polyurethane composites. 7th International Scientific Conference “Reliability and Durability of Railway Transport Engineering Structures and Buildings” (Transbud-2018), Article number: 03013.
14. Naeini, S., Ghorbanalizadeh, M. (2010). Effect of wet and dry conditions on strength of silty sand soils stabilized with epoxy resin polymer. Journal of Applied Sciences 10(22): 2839-2846.
15. Ostad-Ali-Askari, K., Shayannejad, M. (2015). The Study of Mixture Design for Foam Bitumen and the Polymeric and Oil Materials Function in Loose Soils Consolidation. Journal of Civil Engineering Research 5(2): 39-44.
16. Rezaeimalek, S., Huang, J., Bin-Shafique, S. (2017a). Mixing Methods Evaluation of a Styrene-Acrylic Based Liquid Polymer for Sand and Clay Stabilization. 2017 International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure and Materials (ICTIM 2017), China, doi:10.12783/dtmse/ictim2017/10186
17. Rezaeimalek, S., Huang, J., Bin-Shafique, S. (2017b). Performance Evaluation for Polymer-Stabilized Soils. Transportation Research Record 2657(1): 58–66.
18. Saleh, S., Yunus, N.Z.M., Ahmad, K., Ali, N. (2019). Improving the strength of weak soil using polyurethane grouts: A review. Construction and Building Materials 202: 738-752.
19. Spagnoli, G. (2018). A review of soil improvement with non-conventional grouts. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2018.1484603
20. You, Y.J., Kim, J.H.J., Kim, S.J., Park, Y.H. (2015). Methods to enhance the guaranteed tensile strength of GFRP rebar to 900 MPa with general fiber volume fraction. Construction and Building Materials 75: 54–62.
21. Zhang, K., Fang, Z., Nanni, A. (2016). Behavior of Tendons with Multiple CFRP Rods. Journal of Structural Engineering 142(10): 04016065.