Abstract
References
- [1] Sanjay MR, Madhu P, Jawaid M, Senthamaraikannan P, Senthil S, Pradeep S. Characterization and properties of natural fiber polymer composites: A comprehensive review. J Clean Prod 2018; 172: 566–581.
- [2] Mohanty AK, Misra M, Hinrichsen G. Review on the impact behavior of natural fiber epoxy-based composites. Polym Compos 2002; 23(6): 855–873.
- [3] Faruk O, Bledzki AK, Fink HP, Sain M. Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010. Prog Polym Sci 2012; 37(11): 1552–1596.
- [4] Liu H, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wang Y. Low-velocity impact response of natural fibre-based sandwich composites. Compos Part B Eng 2020; 192: 107987.
- [5]Sultana, N., Hasan, M., Habib, A., Saifullah, A., Azim, A. Y. M. A., Alimuzzaman, S., & Sarker, F. (2023). Short Jute Fiber Preform Reinforced Polypropylene Thermoplastic Composite: Experimental Investigation and Its Theoretical Stiffness Prediction. ACS Omega, 8(27), 24311–24322. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01533
- [6] Zenkert D. The Handbook of Sandwich Construction. EMAS Publishing, 1995.
- [7] Galos J. Review of balsa core sandwich composite structures. J Sandw Struct Mater 2022; 24(3): 874–898.
- [8] Chaves AR, d’Almeida JRM, Monteiro SN. Mechanical behavior of epoxy–balsa sandwich structures. Mater Res 2008; 11(2): 193–197.
- [9] Aktas M, Bal B. An experimental investigation on the impact response of sandwich composites with different core materials. Compos Struct 2013; 106: 701–708.
- [10] Arya M, et al. Jute fiber-reinforced bio-based sandwich composites for lightweight structural applications. Polymers 2023; 15(2): 265.
- [11] Jang J. Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials. Elsevier, 2011.
- [12] Cantwell WJ, Morton J. The impact resistance of composite materials — a review. Composites 1991; 22(5): 347–362.
- [13] Pereira AC, Rodrigues DL, Silva RM. Charpy impact tenacity of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with aligned jute fibers. Polym Test 2017; 63: 516–523.
- [14] Najafi SK, Tajvidi M, Hamidina E. Effect of core type and thickness on the mechanical properties of sandwich panels made from wood flour–polypropylene composites. Compos Part A 2009; 40(5): 723–727.
- [15] Feng G, Liu Y, Xu Z. Experimental and numerical study on the impact mechanical response of sandwich structures with foam and wood cores. Compos Struct 2024; 327: 117682.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CHARPY IMPACT TOUGHNESS OF JUTE FABRIC REINFORCED SANDWICH COMPOSITES: BALSA VS. XPS CORES
Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the Charpy impact characteristics of sandwich composites comprising jute fabric reinforced epoxy face sheets with two distinct core materials: natural balsa wood and synthetic Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) foam. The composite panels were fabricated using a hand lay-up technique followed by hot-press consolidation. Three configurations were tested according to ISO 179-1 standards: monolithic jute laminate, Jute/Balsa/Jute, and Jute/XPS/Jute sandwich structures. The results demonstrated that the core material significantly governs the impact response and energy absorption capacity. The balsa-core sandwich composite exhibited the highest average impact toughness (1.99 J), absorbing 184% more energy than the monolithic jute laminate (0.70 J) and approximately 90% more than the XPS-core configuration (1.05 J). Fractographic analysis revealed that balsa-core specimens underwent ductile failure mechanisms, including fiber pull-out and matrix deformation, whereas XPS-core specimens exhibited brittle fracture with limited energy dissipation. These findings highlight the potential of balsa-cored natural fiber composites for sustainable, lightweight, and impact-resistant structural applications.
References
- [1] Sanjay MR, Madhu P, Jawaid M, Senthamaraikannan P, Senthil S, Pradeep S. Characterization and properties of natural fiber polymer composites: A comprehensive review. J Clean Prod 2018; 172: 566–581.
- [2] Mohanty AK, Misra M, Hinrichsen G. Review on the impact behavior of natural fiber epoxy-based composites. Polym Compos 2002; 23(6): 855–873.
- [3] Faruk O, Bledzki AK, Fink HP, Sain M. Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: 2000–2010. Prog Polym Sci 2012; 37(11): 1552–1596.
- [4] Liu H, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wang Y. Low-velocity impact response of natural fibre-based sandwich composites. Compos Part B Eng 2020; 192: 107987.
- [5]Sultana, N., Hasan, M., Habib, A., Saifullah, A., Azim, A. Y. M. A., Alimuzzaman, S., & Sarker, F. (2023). Short Jute Fiber Preform Reinforced Polypropylene Thermoplastic Composite: Experimental Investigation and Its Theoretical Stiffness Prediction. ACS Omega, 8(27), 24311–24322. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01533
- [6] Zenkert D. The Handbook of Sandwich Construction. EMAS Publishing, 1995.
- [7] Galos J. Review of balsa core sandwich composite structures. J Sandw Struct Mater 2022; 24(3): 874–898.
- [8] Chaves AR, d’Almeida JRM, Monteiro SN. Mechanical behavior of epoxy–balsa sandwich structures. Mater Res 2008; 11(2): 193–197.
- [9] Aktas M, Bal B. An experimental investigation on the impact response of sandwich composites with different core materials. Compos Struct 2013; 106: 701–708.
- [10] Arya M, et al. Jute fiber-reinforced bio-based sandwich composites for lightweight structural applications. Polymers 2023; 15(2): 265.
- [11] Jang J. Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials. Elsevier, 2011.
- [12] Cantwell WJ, Morton J. The impact resistance of composite materials — a review. Composites 1991; 22(5): 347–362.
- [13] Pereira AC, Rodrigues DL, Silva RM. Charpy impact tenacity of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with aligned jute fibers. Polym Test 2017; 63: 516–523.
- [14] Najafi SK, Tajvidi M, Hamidina E. Effect of core type and thickness on the mechanical properties of sandwich panels made from wood flour–polypropylene composites. Compos Part A 2009; 40(5): 723–727.
- [15] Feng G, Liu Y, Xu Z. Experimental and numerical study on the impact mechanical response of sandwich structures with foam and wood cores. Compos Struct 2024; 327: 117682.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Material Design and Behaviors |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | December 9, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | January 9, 2026 |
| Publication Date | February 23, 2026 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA69GC67AM |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 11 Issue: 2 |
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The International Journal of Energy & Engineering Sciences (IJEES) is an international journal for the publication and dissemination of original work that contributes to the greater scientific understanding of the main disciplines underpinning the mechanical, civil, food, industrial, textile, computer, and electrical and electronics engineering sciences. The journal aims to promote the theory and practice of technology, innovation, and engineering applications.
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Journal articles
Journal titles should be abbreviated according to ISI Web of Science abbreviations.
Guyon I, Elisseeff A. An introduction to variable and feature selection. J Mach Learn Res 2003; 3: 1157-1182.
Izadpanahi S, Ozcınar C, Anbarjafari G, Demirel H. Resolution enhancement of video sequences by using discrete wavelet transform and illumination compensation. Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci 2012; 20: 1268-1276.
Books
Haupt RL, Haupt SE. Practical Genetic Algorithms. 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2004.
Kennedy J, Eberhart R. Swarm Intelligence. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press, 2001.
Chapters in books
Poore JH, Lin L, Eschbach R, Bauer T. Automated statistical testing for embedded systems. In: Zander J, Schieferdecker I, Mosterman PJ, editors. Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2012. pp. 111-146.
Conference proceedings
Li RTH, Chung SH. Digital boundary controller for single-phase grid-connected CSI. In: IEEE 2008 Power Electronics Specialists Conference; 15–19 June 2008; Rhodes, Greece. New York, NY, USA: IEEE. pp. 4562-4568.
Theses
Boynukalın Z. Emotion analysis of Turkish texts by using machine learning methods. MSc, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye, 2012.
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No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners, unless the use is fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, or review. The authors reserve the right that their material can be used for purely educational and research purposes. All the authors are responsible for originality and plagiarism, multiple publication, disclosure and conflicts of interest, and fundamental errors in the published works.
*Please note that All the authors are responsible for the originality and plagiarism, multiple publication, disclosure and conflicts of interest and fundamental errors in the published works. Author(s) submitting a manuscript for publication in IJEES also accept that the manuscript may go through screening for plagiarism check using IThenticate software. For experimental works involving animals, approvals from the relevant ethics committee should have been obtained beforehand assuring that the experiment was conducted according to relevant national or international guidelines on the care and use of laboratory animals. Authors may be requested to provide evidence to this end.
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The journal publishes all its articles in full open access, unlimited use, and reuse of articles. Authors are not allowed to pay Article Processing Charge (APC) to cover the costs of submission or peer review administration and management, professional production of articles in PDF, and dissemination of published papers.
Indexes
Journal Boards
Editor in Chief
Adem Atmaca is a Professor of Energy in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering at Gaziantep University, Turkey. He obtained his Ph.D. in the Mechanical Engineering department in 2014. His study covers efficiency enhancement and pollutant reduction in the cement industry by thermodynamic and exergo-economic methods. His main areas of research are energy efficiency, analysis, and optimization of energy processes, mitigation of environmental pollutants, and green buildings.
Otomatik Oluşturulan Kurul - Başlığı Düzenleyiniz
Adem Atmaca is a Professor of Energy in the Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering at Gaziantep University, Turkey. He obtained his Ph.D. in the Mechanical Engineering department in 2014. His study covers efficiency enhancement and pollutant reduction in the cement industry by thermodynamic and exergo-economic methods. His main areas of research are energy efficiency, analysis, and optimization of energy processes, mitigation of environmental pollutants, and green buildings.
Associate Editors
Editorial Board
No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners, unless the use is a fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research or review. The authors reserve the right that their material can be used for purely educational and research purposes. All the authors are responsible for the originality and plagiarism, multiple publication, disclosure and conflicts of interest and fundamental errors in the published works.
*Please note that All the authors are responsible for the originality and plagiarism, multiple publication, disclosure and conflicts of interest and fundamental errors in the published works. Author(s) submitting a manuscript for publication in IJEES also accept that the manuscript may go through screening for plagiarism check using IThenticate software. For experimental works involving animals, approvals from relevant ethics committee should have been obtained beforehand assuring that the experiment was conducted according to relevant national or international guidelines on care and use of laboratory animals. Authors may be requested to provide evidence to this end.
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