The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences
Research Article
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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A

Year 2022, Volume 7, Issue 1, 52 - 63, 30.04.2022

Sara KADHİM Mustafa ÖZAKÇA

Abstract

Basalt fiber-reinforced polymers composite laminates have been widely used in recent years to improve and strengthen the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) elements. Basalt fibers outperform carbon laminates in terms of corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and ductility. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge about the mechanical properties of these laminates. and their hybrid combinations when left in high heating regimes. The effect of higher heating regimes on the compressive strength of 21 unconfined and 21 confined BFRP concrete cylinders is investigated in this research. For 1, 2, and 3 hours, all of the cylinders were heated to 100 and 200 °C. The compressive strengths of unwrapped concrete cylinders were compared to wrapped cylinders' counterparts. The extreme temperatures used in this investigation had essentially no effect on the compressive strength of the wrapped BFRP sheets cylinders; however, the unwrapped specimens were severely affected. As the exposure hours and heating level increased, the compressive strength of the unwrapped specimens dropped. After two hours of exposure to 200°C, the unwrapped specimens lost 31.53% of their compressive strength, whereas the BFRP covered specimens lost 14.47 %.

Keywords

basalt, self-compct concrete, temperature, compressive strength

References

  • [1] S.E.El-Gamal,Behaviourofrestrainedconcretebridgedeckslabs reinforced with FRP reinforcing bars under concentrated loads [Ph.D. thesis], Universite ́ de Sherbrooke, Que ́bec, Canada, 2005.
  • [2] S. E. El-Gamal, Y. Al-Salloum, S. Alsayed, and M. Aqel, “Performance of near surface mounted glass fiber reinforced polymer bars in concrete,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 31, no. 22, pp. 1501–1515, 2012.
  • [3] Y. A. Al-Salloum, S. E. El-Gamal, T. H. Almusallam, S. H. Alsayed, and M. Aqel, “Effect of harsh environmental condi- tions on the tensile properties of GFRP bars,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 835–844, 2013.
  • [4] B.Benmokrane,E.El-Salakawy,A.El-Ragaby,andS.El-Gamal, “Performance evaluation of innovative concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with fibre-reinforced-polymer bars,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 298–310, 2007.
  • [5] M. Eisa, S. E. El-Gamal, E. El-Salakawy, and B. Benmokrane, “Design and construction of first GFRP-CRC200P slabs imple- mented on highway 40 east (Montreal),” in Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, pp. 1–8, Que ́bec City, Canada, 2008.
  • [6] S. E. El-Gamal, B. Benmokrane, E. El-Salakawy, P. Cousin, and A. Wiseman, “Durability and structural performance of carbon fibre reinforced polymer—reinforced concrete parking garage slabs,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 617–627, 2009.
  • [7]Y.L.Bai,J.G.Dai,M.Mohammadi,G.Lin,S.J.Mei,Stiffness-baseddesign-oriented compressive stress-strain model for large-rupture-strain (LRS) FRP-confined concrete, Compos. Struct. 223 (2019) 110953.
  • [8] J.G. Dai, Y.L. Bai, J.G. Teng, Behavior and modeling of concrete confined with FRP composites of large deformability, J. Compos. Construct. 15 (6) (2011) 963–973.
  • [9] T. Yu, J.G. Teng, Y.L. Wong, S.L. Dong, Finite element modeling of confined concrete-I: Drucker-Prager type plasticity model, Eng. Struct. 32 (3) (2010) 665–679.
  • [10] T. Yu, J.G. Teng, Y.L. Wong, S.L. Dong, Finite element modeling of confined concrete-II: plastic-damage model, Eng. Struct. 32 (3) (2010) 680–691.
  • [11] Y.L. Wang, G.P. Chen, B.L. Wan, G.C. Cai, Y.W. Zhang, Behavior of circular ice- filled self-luminous FRP tubular stub columns under axial compression, Construct. Build. Mater. 232 (30) (2020) 117287.
  • [12] Y.L. Wang, G.C. Cai, Y.Y. Li, D. Waldmann, A.S. Larbi, K.D. Tsavdaridis, Behavior of circular fiber-reinforced polymer-steel-confined concrete columns subjected to reversed cyclic loads: experimental studies and finite-element analysis, J. Struct. Eng. 145 (9) (2019), 04019085.
  • [13] J.G. Teng, J.L. Zhao, T. Yu, L.J. Li, Y.C. Guo, Behavior of FRP-confined compound concrete containing recycled concrete lumps, J. Compos. Construct. 20 (1) (2016), 0000602.
  • [14] Y. Zhou, X. Liu, F. Xing, H. Cui, L. Sui, Axial compressive behavior of FRP-confined lightweight aggregate concrete: an experimental study and stress-strain relation model, Construct. Build. Mater. 119 (2016) 1–15.
  • [15] J.J. Zeng, Y.Y. Ye, W.Y. Gao, S.T. Smith, Y.C. Guo, Stress-strain behavior of polyethylene terephthalate fiber-reinforced polymer-confined normal-, high-and ultra high-strength concrete, J. Build. Eng. 30 (2020) 101243.
  • [16] J.J. Zeng, W.Y. Gao, Z.J. Duan, Y.L. Bai, Y.C. Guo, L.J. Ouyang, Axial compressive behavior of polyethylene terephthalate/carbon FRP-confined seawater sea-sand concrete in circular columns, Construct. Build. Mater. 234 (2020) 117383.
  • [17] T. Ozbakkaloglu, J.C. Lim, T. Vincent, FRP-confined concrete in circular sections: review and assessment of stress-strain models, Eng. Struct. 49 (2013) 1068–1088.
  • [18] J.C. Lim, T. Ozbakkaloglu, Design model for FRP-confined normal- and high- strength concrete square and rectangular columns, Mag. Concr. Res. 66 (20) (2014) 1020–1035.
  • [19] D.Y. Wang, Z.Y. Wang, S.T. Smith, T. Yu, Seismic performance of CFRP-confined circular high-strength concrete columns with high axial compression ratio, Construct. Build. Mater. 134 (2017) 91–103.
  • [20] Y.L. Bai, J.G. Dai, J.G. Teng, Monotonic stress-strain behaviour of steel rebars embedded in FRP-confined concrete including buckling, J. Compos. Construct. 21 (5) (2017), 04017043.
  • [21] L. Lam, J.G. Teng, Design-oriented stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete, Construct. Build. Mater. 17 (6–7) (2003) 471–489.
  • [22] L. Lam, J.G. Teng, Ultimate condition of fiber reinforced polymer-confined concrete, J. Compos. Construct. 8 (6) (2004) 539–548.
  • [23] G. Lin, J.G. Teng, Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of FRP-confined circular concrete columns under eccentric loading, J. Compos. Construct. 21 (4) (2017), 04017003.
  • [24] G. Lin, J.G. Teng, Advanced stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete in square columns, Compos. B Eng. 197 (2020) 108149.
  • [25] J.J. Zeng, Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Gao, L.J. Li, W.P. Chen, Stress-strain behavior of circular concrete columns partially wrapped with FRP strips, Compos. Struct. 200 (2018) 810–828.
  • [26] T. Ozbakkaloglu, J.C. Lim, Axial compressive behavior of FRP-confined concrete: experimental test database and a new design-oriented model, Compos. B Eng. 55 (2013) 607–634.
  • [27] T.M. Pham, M.N.S. Hadi, T.M. Tran, Maximum useable strain of FRP-confined concrete, Construct. Build. Mater. 83 (2015) 119–127.
  • [28] T.M. Pham, M.N.S. Hadi, Confinement model for FRP confined normal- and high- strength concrete circular columns, Construct. Build. Mater. 69 (2014) 83–90.
  • [29] J.J. Zeng, Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Gao, J.Z. Li, J.H. Xie, Behavior of partially and fully FRP- confined circularized square columns under axial compression, Construct. Build. Mater. 152 (2017) 319–332.
  • [30] A. Ilki, O. Peker, E. Karamuk, C. Demir, N. Kumbasar, FRP Retrofit of low and medium strength circular and rectangular reinforced concrete columns, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 20 (2) (2008) 169–188.
  • [31] A. De Luca, F. Matta, A. Nanni, Behavior of full-scale glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete columns under axial load, ACI Struct. J. 107 (5) (2010) 589–596.
  • [32] Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Gao, J.J. Zeng, Z.J. Duan, X.Y. Ni, K.D. Peng, Compressive behavior of FRP ring-confined concrete in circular columns: effects of specimen size and a new design-oriented stress-strain model, Construct. Build. Mater. 201 (2019) 350–368.
  • [33] A.A. Mohammed, A.C. Manalo, W. Ferdous, Y. Zhuge, P.V. Vijay, A.Q. Alkinani, A. Fam, State-of-the-art of prefabricated FRP composite jackets for structural repair, Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J. 23 (5) (2020) 1244–1258.
  • [34] A. Siddika, M.A.A. Mamum, W. Ferdous, R. Alyousef, Performances, challenges and opportunities in strengthening reinforced concrete structures by using FRPs–A state-of-the-art review, Eng. Fail. Anal. 111 (2020) 104480.
  • [35] Y. Guo, J. Xie, Z. Xie, J. Zhong, Experimental study on compressive behavior of damaged normal- and high-strength concrete confined with CFRP laminates, Construct. Build. Mater. 107 (2016) 411–425.
  • [36] Y. Al-Salloum, H. Elsanadedy, A. Abadel, Behavior of FRP-confined concrete
after high temperature exposure, Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (2) (2011) 838–850.
  • [37] Lenwari, A., Rungamornrat, J., & Woonprasert, S. (2016). Axial compression behavior of fire-damaged concrete cylinders confined with CFRP sheets. Journal of Composites for Construction, 20(5), 04016027.
  • [38] ASTM International, “Standard test method for compres- sive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens,” ASTM C39, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, USA, 2015, http://www.astm.org/.
  • [39] TS EN 197-1:2012, Çimento-Bölüm 1: Genel çimentolar-Bileşim. özellikler ve uygunluk kriterleri (Cement Part 1: Composition. Specification and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements).
  • [40] EFNARC (2002) Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting. Concrete, Association House, Surrey, UK. www.efnarc.org
  • [41] Masoud, S., Soudki, K., Topper, T. "CFRP-strengthened and corroded RC beams under monotonic and fatigue loads", Journal of composites for construction, 5(4) pp. 228-236, 2001.
  • [42] ISIS Design Manual, Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Structures with Externally Bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymers, The Canadian Network of Centers of Excellence on Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures, ISIS Canada, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 2001.
  • [43] ACI 440.2R-08, Guide for the Design and Construction of Exter- nally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Strucutres, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich, USA, 2008.

Year 2022, Volume 7, Issue 1, 52 - 63, 30.04.2022

Sara KADHİM Mustafa ÖZAKÇA

Abstract

References

  • [1] S.E.El-Gamal,Behaviourofrestrainedconcretebridgedeckslabs reinforced with FRP reinforcing bars under concentrated loads [Ph.D. thesis], Universite ́ de Sherbrooke, Que ́bec, Canada, 2005.
  • [2] S. E. El-Gamal, Y. Al-Salloum, S. Alsayed, and M. Aqel, “Performance of near surface mounted glass fiber reinforced polymer bars in concrete,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, vol. 31, no. 22, pp. 1501–1515, 2012.
  • [3] Y. A. Al-Salloum, S. E. El-Gamal, T. H. Almusallam, S. H. Alsayed, and M. Aqel, “Effect of harsh environmental condi- tions on the tensile properties of GFRP bars,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 835–844, 2013.
  • [4] B.Benmokrane,E.El-Salakawy,A.El-Ragaby,andS.El-Gamal, “Performance evaluation of innovative concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with fibre-reinforced-polymer bars,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 298–310, 2007.
  • [5] M. Eisa, S. E. El-Gamal, E. El-Salakawy, and B. Benmokrane, “Design and construction of first GFRP-CRC200P slabs imple- mented on highway 40 east (Montreal),” in Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, pp. 1–8, Que ́bec City, Canada, 2008.
  • [6] S. E. El-Gamal, B. Benmokrane, E. El-Salakawy, P. Cousin, and A. Wiseman, “Durability and structural performance of carbon fibre reinforced polymer—reinforced concrete parking garage slabs,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 617–627, 2009.
  • [7]Y.L.Bai,J.G.Dai,M.Mohammadi,G.Lin,S.J.Mei,Stiffness-baseddesign-oriented compressive stress-strain model for large-rupture-strain (LRS) FRP-confined concrete, Compos. Struct. 223 (2019) 110953.
  • [8] J.G. Dai, Y.L. Bai, J.G. Teng, Behavior and modeling of concrete confined with FRP composites of large deformability, J. Compos. Construct. 15 (6) (2011) 963–973.
  • [9] T. Yu, J.G. Teng, Y.L. Wong, S.L. Dong, Finite element modeling of confined concrete-I: Drucker-Prager type plasticity model, Eng. Struct. 32 (3) (2010) 665–679.
  • [10] T. Yu, J.G. Teng, Y.L. Wong, S.L. Dong, Finite element modeling of confined concrete-II: plastic-damage model, Eng. Struct. 32 (3) (2010) 680–691.
  • [11] Y.L. Wang, G.P. Chen, B.L. Wan, G.C. Cai, Y.W. Zhang, Behavior of circular ice- filled self-luminous FRP tubular stub columns under axial compression, Construct. Build. Mater. 232 (30) (2020) 117287.
  • [12] Y.L. Wang, G.C. Cai, Y.Y. Li, D. Waldmann, A.S. Larbi, K.D. Tsavdaridis, Behavior of circular fiber-reinforced polymer-steel-confined concrete columns subjected to reversed cyclic loads: experimental studies and finite-element analysis, J. Struct. Eng. 145 (9) (2019), 04019085.
  • [13] J.G. Teng, J.L. Zhao, T. Yu, L.J. Li, Y.C. Guo, Behavior of FRP-confined compound concrete containing recycled concrete lumps, J. Compos. Construct. 20 (1) (2016), 0000602.
  • [14] Y. Zhou, X. Liu, F. Xing, H. Cui, L. Sui, Axial compressive behavior of FRP-confined lightweight aggregate concrete: an experimental study and stress-strain relation model, Construct. Build. Mater. 119 (2016) 1–15.
  • [15] J.J. Zeng, Y.Y. Ye, W.Y. Gao, S.T. Smith, Y.C. Guo, Stress-strain behavior of polyethylene terephthalate fiber-reinforced polymer-confined normal-, high-and ultra high-strength concrete, J. Build. Eng. 30 (2020) 101243.
  • [16] J.J. Zeng, W.Y. Gao, Z.J. Duan, Y.L. Bai, Y.C. Guo, L.J. Ouyang, Axial compressive behavior of polyethylene terephthalate/carbon FRP-confined seawater sea-sand concrete in circular columns, Construct. Build. Mater. 234 (2020) 117383.
  • [17] T. Ozbakkaloglu, J.C. Lim, T. Vincent, FRP-confined concrete in circular sections: review and assessment of stress-strain models, Eng. Struct. 49 (2013) 1068–1088.
  • [18] J.C. Lim, T. Ozbakkaloglu, Design model for FRP-confined normal- and high- strength concrete square and rectangular columns, Mag. Concr. Res. 66 (20) (2014) 1020–1035.
  • [19] D.Y. Wang, Z.Y. Wang, S.T. Smith, T. Yu, Seismic performance of CFRP-confined circular high-strength concrete columns with high axial compression ratio, Construct. Build. Mater. 134 (2017) 91–103.
  • [20] Y.L. Bai, J.G. Dai, J.G. Teng, Monotonic stress-strain behaviour of steel rebars embedded in FRP-confined concrete including buckling, J. Compos. Construct. 21 (5) (2017), 04017043.
  • [21] L. Lam, J.G. Teng, Design-oriented stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete, Construct. Build. Mater. 17 (6–7) (2003) 471–489.
  • [22] L. Lam, J.G. Teng, Ultimate condition of fiber reinforced polymer-confined concrete, J. Compos. Construct. 8 (6) (2004) 539–548.
  • [23] G. Lin, J.G. Teng, Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of FRP-confined circular concrete columns under eccentric loading, J. Compos. Construct. 21 (4) (2017), 04017003.
  • [24] G. Lin, J.G. Teng, Advanced stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete in square columns, Compos. B Eng. 197 (2020) 108149.
  • [25] J.J. Zeng, Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Gao, L.J. Li, W.P. Chen, Stress-strain behavior of circular concrete columns partially wrapped with FRP strips, Compos. Struct. 200 (2018) 810–828.
  • [26] T. Ozbakkaloglu, J.C. Lim, Axial compressive behavior of FRP-confined concrete: experimental test database and a new design-oriented model, Compos. B Eng. 55 (2013) 607–634.
  • [27] T.M. Pham, M.N.S. Hadi, T.M. Tran, Maximum useable strain of FRP-confined concrete, Construct. Build. Mater. 83 (2015) 119–127.
  • [28] T.M. Pham, M.N.S. Hadi, Confinement model for FRP confined normal- and high- strength concrete circular columns, Construct. Build. Mater. 69 (2014) 83–90.
  • [29] J.J. Zeng, Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Gao, J.Z. Li, J.H. Xie, Behavior of partially and fully FRP- confined circularized square columns under axial compression, Construct. Build. Mater. 152 (2017) 319–332.
  • [30] A. Ilki, O. Peker, E. Karamuk, C. Demir, N. Kumbasar, FRP Retrofit of low and medium strength circular and rectangular reinforced concrete columns, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 20 (2) (2008) 169–188.
  • [31] A. De Luca, F. Matta, A. Nanni, Behavior of full-scale glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete columns under axial load, ACI Struct. J. 107 (5) (2010) 589–596.
  • [32] Y.C. Guo, W.Y. Gao, J.J. Zeng, Z.J. Duan, X.Y. Ni, K.D. Peng, Compressive behavior of FRP ring-confined concrete in circular columns: effects of specimen size and a new design-oriented stress-strain model, Construct. Build. Mater. 201 (2019) 350–368.
  • [33] A.A. Mohammed, A.C. Manalo, W. Ferdous, Y. Zhuge, P.V. Vijay, A.Q. Alkinani, A. Fam, State-of-the-art of prefabricated FRP composite jackets for structural repair, Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J. 23 (5) (2020) 1244–1258.
  • [34] A. Siddika, M.A.A. Mamum, W. Ferdous, R. Alyousef, Performances, challenges and opportunities in strengthening reinforced concrete structures by using FRPs–A state-of-the-art review, Eng. Fail. Anal. 111 (2020) 104480.
  • [35] Y. Guo, J. Xie, Z. Xie, J. Zhong, Experimental study on compressive behavior of damaged normal- and high-strength concrete confined with CFRP laminates, Construct. Build. Mater. 107 (2016) 411–425.
  • [36] Y. Al-Salloum, H. Elsanadedy, A. Abadel, Behavior of FRP-confined concrete
after high temperature exposure, Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (2) (2011) 838–850.
  • [37] Lenwari, A., Rungamornrat, J., & Woonprasert, S. (2016). Axial compression behavior of fire-damaged concrete cylinders confined with CFRP sheets. Journal of Composites for Construction, 20(5), 04016027.
  • [38] ASTM International, “Standard test method for compres- sive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens,” ASTM C39, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, USA, 2015, http://www.astm.org/.
  • [39] TS EN 197-1:2012, Çimento-Bölüm 1: Genel çimentolar-Bileşim. özellikler ve uygunluk kriterleri (Cement Part 1: Composition. Specification and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements).
  • [40] EFNARC (2002) Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting. Concrete, Association House, Surrey, UK. www.efnarc.org
  • [41] Masoud, S., Soudki, K., Topper, T. "CFRP-strengthened and corroded RC beams under monotonic and fatigue loads", Journal of composites for construction, 5(4) pp. 228-236, 2001.
  • [42] ISIS Design Manual, Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Structures with Externally Bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymers, The Canadian Network of Centers of Excellence on Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures, ISIS Canada, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 2001.
  • [43] ACI 440.2R-08, Guide for the Design and Construction of Exter- nally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Strucutres, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich, USA, 2008.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sara KADHİM> (Primary Author)
GAZİANTEP ÜNİVERSİTESİ
0000-0003-3789-5437
Türkiye

Mustafa ÖZAKÇA>
GAZIANTEP UNIVERSITY
0000-0003-1544-8126
Türkiye

Supporting Institution faculty of civil engineering
Project Number 2
Thanks thanks for submetting
Publication Date April 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022, Volume 7, Issue 1

Cite

Bibtex @research article { ijees1072230, journal = {The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences}, issn = {2602-294X}, address = {Gaziantep üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dekanlığı}, publisher = {Gaziantep University}, year = {2022}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {52 - 63}, title = {EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A}, key = {cite}, author = {Kadhim, Sara and Özakça, Mustafa} }
APA Kadhim, S. & Özakça, M. (2022). EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A . The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences , 7 (1) , 52-63 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijees/issue/66139/1072230
MLA Kadhim, S. , Özakça, M. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A" . The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences 7 (2022 ): 52-63 <https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijees/issue/66139/1072230>
Chicago Kadhim, S. , Özakça, M. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A". The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences 7 (2022 ): 52-63
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A AU - Sara Kadhim , Mustafa Özakça Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 N1 - DO - T2 - The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 52 EP - 63 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 2602-294X- M3 - UR - Y2 - 2022 ER -
EndNote %0 The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A %A Sara Kadhim , Mustafa Özakça %T EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A %D 2022 %J The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences %P 2602-294X- %V 7 %N 1 %R %U
ISNAD Kadhim, Sara , Özakça, Mustafa . "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A". The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences 7 / 1 (April 2022): 52-63 .
AMA Kadhim S. , Özakça M. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A. IJEES. 2022; 7(1): 52-63.
Vancouver Kadhim S. , Özakça M. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A. The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences. 2022; 7(1): 52-63.
IEEE S. Kadhim and M. Özakça , "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON THE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE CYLINDERS CONFINED WITH BFRP SHEETS, THE METHODOLOGY - PART A", The International Journal of Energy and Engineering Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 52-63, Apr. 2022

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