Assessing the Impact of Ship-Sourced Marine Pollution on Filyos Port

Year 2024, , 49 - 59, 28.09.2024

Cihat Aşan

https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1515301

Abstract

In 2021, Turkiye launched the Filyos Valley Project, a strategic initiative with the potential to serve as both a central hub for the transfer of Central Asian oil to the West and as a logistical bridge between China and Europe. Located near the city of Zonguldak in northern Turkiye, this project encompasses a range of logistical components, including the extensive and high-capacity Filyos Port, which is the third-largest port in the country. The port is situated in close proximity to the Sakarya gas field in the Western Black Sea, Turkiye's largest natural gas production area, and currently serves as a base for natural gas drilling ships and their support vessels.
Filyos Port plays a crucial role in Turkiye's energy security due to its strategic location near the Istanbul Strait, a key convergence point for maritime traffic in the Black Sea. However, this proximity also poses a significant risk; pollution from a maritime accident along the approach routes to the Strait could severely disrupt the port's operational capabilities. This study aims to analyze the behavior and spread patterns of ship-sourced oil pollution near Filyos Port and to determine the timeframe within which the port would be exposed to such pollution. This research offers a comprehensive framework for port authorities to develop effective contingency plans, ensuring operational sustainability and enhancing the region’s energy security by mitigating the risks of marine pollution.

Keywords

Filyos Port, Oil Pollution, Maritime Management, Pollution Response

References

• Aamo, O. M., Reed, M., Lewis, A. (1997). Regional contingency planning using the OSCAR oil spill contingency and response model. AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response, 1(Jan. 1997), 289–308.
• Acir, O., Aps, R., Fetissov, M., Sert, M. (2011). Environmental impact assessment based on a potential oil spill scenario: Eastern Black Sea coastal zone, Turkey. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 149, 273–283. doi.org/10.2495/CP110231.
• Asif, Z., Chen, Z., An, C., Dong, J. (2022). Environmental Impacts and Challenges Associated with Oil Spills on Shorelines. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(6), 762. doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060762
• Aydın, D., Solmaz, M. S. (2019). Modelling of the Oil Spill in M/V LADY TUNA Accident and the Evaluation of the Response Operation in Simulated Condition with PISCES II. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 6(2), 213–224. doi.org/10.30897/ ijegeo.579066
• BAKKA. (2018). Batı Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı Filyos Vadisi Projesi Tanıtım Kitapçığı.
• BAKKA. (2020). Filyos Lojistik Merkezi Araştırma ve Ön Fizibilite Raporu.
• Bayirhan, İ., Gazioğlu, C. (2020). Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Marine Environment Simulator in Oil Pollution Investigations. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing, 8(2).
• Bozkus, R.-Y. (2018). Türkiye’nin Dış Petrol ve Doğal Gaz Stratejisinin Temel Belirleyici Faktörleri. Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 114–132. doi.org/10.30784/epfad.426472
• Çakıroğlu, A. M., Cevher, N. K., Ağırba, E. (2017). Karadeniz Türkiye Kıyılarının Meteorolojik Yönden Değerlendirilmesi, Journal of Anatolian Environmental & Animal Sciences, 2(3), 53–58.
• Can, S., Nishio, S., Uchida, M. (2005). A numerical simulation of oil spill in Istanbul strait. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 78, 135–144.
• Çetinkaya, M. (2012). Filyos Vadisi Projesi.
• Delaunay, B. (1934). Sur la sphère vide" [On the empty sphere]. Bulletin de l’Académie Des Sciences de l’URSS, Classe Des Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles (in French), 6, 793–800.
• Delgado, L., Kumzerova, E., Martynov, M. (2006). Simulation of oil spill behaviour and response operations in
• PISCES. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 88, 279–292. hdoi.org/10.2495/CENV060271
• Doğan, E., C. Gazioğlu, E. Okuş, I.E. Gönenç, H. Yüce., ZY. Yücel. (1998). Examination of the Pollution in the West Black Sea by Remote Sensing Technologies, Turkish Journal of Marine Sciences 4(2), 89-101
• Doğan, E., Gönenç, E. İ., Örmeci, C., Müftüoğlu, O., Yüce, H., Türker, A. (1996). Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemi İle Tuna Nehri Bağlantılı Karadeniz İstanbul Boğazı Kirlenme Araştırması, Sonuç Raporu, İSKİ.
• Elhakeem, A. A., Elshorbagy, W., Chebbi, R. (2007). Oil spill simulation and validation in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf with special reference to the UAE coast. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 184(1–4), 243–254. doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9413-1
• Fingas, M. (2014). The basics of oil spill cleanup. In International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (3 rd editi, Vol. 94, Issues 14–15). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. doi.org/10.1080/ 03067319.2014.974591
• Fraser, C. (1983). J. L. Lagrange’s Early Contributions to the Principles and Methods of Mechanics. Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 3, Pp. 197–241. JSTOR.
• Google Earth. (2024). Geographical Position of Filyos Port.
• Gonca, T. (2020). Filyos Project Will Transform One of Turkey’s Cities into Shipping Hub.
• Gürbüz, O. (2010). Karadeniz Kıyılarımız Boyunca Hidrografik Değişimler [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri ve İşletmeciliği Enstitüsü.
• Jørgensen, K. S., Kreutzer, A., Lehtonen, K. K., Kankaanpää, H., Rytkönen, J., Wegeberg, S., Gustavson, K., Fritt-Rasmussen, J., Truu, J., Kõuts, T., Lilover, M.-J., Seiler, T.-B., Hollert, H., Johann, S., Marigómez, I., Soto, M., Lekube, X., Jenssen, B. M., Ciesielski, T. M., Wang, F. (2019). The EU Horizon 2020 project GRACE: integrated oil spill response actions and environmental effects. Environmental Sciences Europe, 31(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12302-019-0227-8
• Kıraç, C. O., Korçak, M., Güler, I., Yalçıner, A. C. (2022). Çandarlı Körfezi’nde Olası Petrol Kirliliği Risk Değerlendirmesi; Deniz Çevresi, Sosyo-Ekonomi ve Deniz Ulaştırma. ISBN 978-975-6908-10-5, SAD Yayınları, Şubat 2022, Ankara.
• Koroglu, A., Kabdasli, M. S. (2011). An Oil Spill and Response Activities Scenarios After the Fuel Tank Seepage in a Port: Haydarpasa Port Case Study. ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, 827–834. doi.org/ 10.1115/omae2011-50129
• Perkovic, M., Delgado, L., David, M., Petelin, S., Harsh, R. (2008). The Necessity of Applying Sar Imagery to Oil Spill Modeling in Cases of Data Obfuscation (W. F. Davidson, K. Lee, & A. Cogswell, Eds.; pp. 237–256). Springer Science. doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8565-9_31
• Perkovic, M., Sitkov, A. (2008). Oil spill modeling and combat, in: Soares, C. G.,and Kolev, P. N. (eds.), Maritime Industry, Ocean Engineering and CoastalResources, Vols. 1 and 2, Book Series: Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering Water and Earth Sciences, 1161-1169.
• Reed, M., Ekrol, N., Rye, H., Turner, L. (1999). Oil Spill Contingency and Response (OSCAR) analysis in support of environmental impact assessment offshore Namibia. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 5(1), 29–38. doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(98)00050-4
• Safety4Sea. (2018). Learn from the past: Erika oil spill, Europe’s environmental disaster. Safety4Sea Online Magazine.
• Sharma, K., Shah, G., Singhal, K., Soni, V. (2024). Comprehensive insights into the impact of oil pollution on the environment. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 74, 103516. doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103516
• Sidorovskaia, N. A., Ackleh, A. S., Tiemann, C. O., Ma, B., Ioup, J. W., Ioup, G. E. (2016). Passive Acoustic Monitoring of the Environmental Impact of Oil Exploration on Marine Mammals in the Gulf of Mexico. In A. Popper & A.
• Hawkins (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Vol. 875, pp. 1007–1014). Springer International Publishing AG. doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_125
• Sun, L., Zhang, Y., Ouyang, C., Yin, S., Ren, X., Fu, S. (2023). A portable UAV-based laser-induced fluorescence lidar system for oil pollution and aquatic environment monitoring. Optics Communications, 527, 128914. doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2022.12891
• TP-OTC. (2024). Turkish Petroleum Offshore Technology Center, Kıy Lojistik Merkezi Yönetimi.
• TSMS. (2024). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Official Statistics.
• Turan, İ., Çelikoğlu, Ş. (2023). Enerji Güvenliği Açısından Sakarya Gaz Sahası (A. Deniz Ağca, Ed.; 1st ed.). Berikan Yayınevi.
• Ullah, I., Nuta, F. M., Levente, D., Yiyu, B., Yihan, Z., Yi, C., Shah, M. H., Kumar, R. (2023). Nexus between trade, industrialization, and marine pollution: A quantile regression approach. Ecological Indicators, 155, 110992. doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110992
• Usluer, H. B., Bora, A. G., Gazioglu, C. (2022). What if the Independenta or Nassia tanker accidents had happened in the Strait of Canakkale (Dardanelle)?. Ocean Engineering, 260, 111712.
• Ventikos, N. P., Vergetis, E., Psaraftis, H. N., Triantafyllou, G. (2004). A high-level synthesis of oil spill response equipment and countermeasures. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 107(1–2), 51–58. doi.org/10.1016/ j.jhazmat.2003.11.009