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KARBON NÖTRLÜĞÜNE GİDEN YOLDA CCS TEKNOLOJİLERİ VE DİJİTALLEŞME PERSPEKTİFİ: SOSYAL, POLİTİK VE EKONOMİK BOYUTLARI OLAN BÜTÜNCÜL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2026, Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 25.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA44UX66XP

Abstract

Düşük karbonlu bir enerji sistemine küresel geçiş, emisyon azaltma, kontrol ve dengeleme süreçlerini yeni nesil teknolojilerle entegre eden kapsamlı karbon yönetimi stratejileri gerektirmektedir. Karbon Yakalama ve Depolama (CCS), enerji üretimi, demir-çelik ve çimento gibi enerji yoğun sektörlerde CO₂ emisyonlarını azaltmak için en umut verici yaklaşımlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Ancak geleneksel CCS uygulamaları, yüksek sermaye ve işletme maliyetleri, enerji verimliliği kayıpları ve toplumsal kabul sorunları gibi önemli zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Son çalışmalar, dijital ikizler, yapay zekâ (YZ), Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) sensör ağları ve blok zinciri tabanlı izleme sistemleri gibi yeni nesil dijital araçların entegrasyonunun, CCS operasyonlarının verimliliğini, şeffaflığını ve güvenliğini artırabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu teknolojiler, süreç optimizasyonunu geliştirmekte, enerji verimliliği kayıplarını azaltmakta ve MRV (İzleme, Raporlama, Doğrulama) çerçevelerini güçlendirerek CCS'nin daha geniş çapta benimsenmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Politika analizleri, CCS'nin yaygınlaştırılması için etkili karbon fiyatlandırmasının, uluslararası iş birliğinin ve finansal teşviklerin kritik önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, CCS yalnızca fosil yakıt bazlı altyapının karbondan arındırılması için bir "geçiş teknolojisi" olarak değil, aynı zamanda karbonun yeniden kullanımını sağladığı için karbon ekonomisinin de temel taşı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, enerji sektörü bağlamında karbon yönetim sistemleri ve CCS teknolojilerinin bütünsel entegrasyonunu, avantajlarını ve zorluklarını ele almakta ve mevcut teknolojilerin bir değerlendirmesini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

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CCS TECHNOLOGIES AND DIGITALIZATION PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROAD TO CARBON NEUTRALITY: A HOLISTIC RESEARCH WITH SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS

Year 2026, Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 25.02.2026
https://izlik.org/JA44UX66XP

Abstract

The global transition to a low-carbon energy system requires comprehensive carbon management strategies that integrate emissions reduction, control, and offset processes with next-generation technologies. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has become one of the most promising approaches for reducing CO₂ emissions in energy-intensive sectors such as power generation, iron and steel, and cement. However, traditional CCS applications face significant challenges, including high capital and operating costs, energy efficiency losses, and social acceptance issues. Recent studies demonstrate that the integration of next-generation digital tools, such as digital twins, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks, and blockchain-based monitoring systems, can increase the efficiency, transparency, and security of CCS operations. These technologies enhance process optimization, reduce energy efficiency losses, and strengthen MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, Verification) frameworks, contributing to the wider adoption of CCS. Policy analyses highlight the critical importance of effective carbon pricing, international cooperation, and financial incentives for scaling up CCS. In this context, CCS is considered not only a "transition technology" for decarbonizing fossil fuel-based infrastructure but also a cornerstone of the carbon economy because it enables carbon reuse. This study discusses the holistic integration of carbon management systems and CCS technologies in the context of the energy sector, their advantages and challenges, and aims to present an evaluation of current technologies.

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There are 100 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Funda Ateş 0000-0003-0329-4756

Nader Javani 0000-0002-9788-7888

Submission Date October 24, 2025
Acceptance Date January 30, 2026
Publication Date February 25, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA44UX66XP
Published in Issue Year 2026 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ateş, F., & Javani, N. (2026). CCS TECHNOLOGIES AND DIGITALIZATION PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROAD TO CARBON NEUTRALITY: A HOLISTIC RESEARCH WITH SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS. International Journal of Energy Horizon (IJEH), 1, 1-9. https://izlik.org/JA44UX66XP

Aim & Scope

International Journal of Energy Horizon (IJEH), akademik araştırmaları ilerletmeyi ve enerji alanında bilinçli tartışmaları teşvik etmeyi amaçlayan bir platformdur. Ana hedefi; enerji bilimi, teknolojisi, politikası ve sürdürülebilirliğin tüm yönlerini kapsayan, yeni eğilimleri inceleyen, kritik sorunları ele alan ve yenilikçi çözümler öneren yüksek kaliteli, özgün araştırma makaleleri, derlemeler ve perspektif yazıları yayımlayarak küresel enerji söylemine anlamlı bir katkı sağlamaktır. Nihayetinde, bu çabalarda okuyucularımıza ilham vermeyi ve onları motive etmeyi amaçlıyoruz.

Odak Alanlarımız:

1. Yenilenebilir Enerji Teknolojileri:
  • Güneş, rüzgar, hidroelektrik, jeotermal, biyokütle, hidrojen ve yakıt hücresi teknolojileri
  • Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının mevcut şebekelere entegrasyonu
  • Yenilenebilir enerji üretimi ve depolamasında teknolojik gelişmeler ve yenilikler

2. Enerji Depolama ve Dağıtımı:

  • Enerji depolama teknolojileri (ör. bataryalar, hidrojen depolama, pompalı hidroelektrik, termal depolama)
  • Akıllı şebeke teknolojileri ve enerji dağıtım sistemleri
  • Dağıtım ağlarında enerji verimliliği iyileştirmeleri

3. Hidrojen Teknolojisi:

  • Hidrojen üretim yöntemleri (elektroliz, buhar metan reformasyonu, biyokütle gazlaştırması)
  • Hidrojen depolama ve taşıma teknolojileri
  • Hidrojenin enerji sistemlerindeki uygulamaları (yakıt hücreleri, hammade olarak hidrojen kullanımı)

4. Batarya Teknolojisi:

  • İleri batarya kimyaları (ör. lityum-iyon, katı hal bataryaları, akış bataryaları)
  • Batarya yönetim sistemleri ve optimizasyon stratejileri
  • Bataryaların enerji depolama, elektrikli araçlar ve şebeke entegrasyonundaki uygulamaları

5. Enerji Ekonomisi ve Politikası:

  • Enerji piyasalarının ekonomik analizi ve fiyatlandırma mekanizmaları
  • Enerji dönüşümlerini etkileyen politika çerçeveleri ve düzenleyici mekanizmalar
  • Yenilenebilir enerji benimsenmesinin ve enerji verimliliği önlemlerinin ekonomik etkileri

6. Sürdürülebilirlik ve Çevresel Etkiler:

  • Enerji üretimi ve tüketimi ile ilgili çevresel değerlendirme ve azaltım stratejileri
  • Enerji teknolojilerinin yaşam döngüsü analizi
  • Sürdürülebilir enerji uygulamaları ile iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele

7. Enerji Verimliliği ve Talep Tarafı Yönetimi:

  • Binalarda, ulaşımda ve sanayide enerji verimli teknolojiler ve uygulamalar
  • Talep tarafı yönetimi stratejileri ve enerji tüketimini etkileyen davranışsal faktörler

8. Yeni Teknolojiler ve İnovasyonlar:

  • Yeni enerji teknolojileri (ör. akıllı şehirler, enerjide Nesnelerin İnterneti uygulamaları)
  • Enerji sektöründe dönüşümü tetikleyen teknolojik yenilikler

9. Enerji Uygulamaları için Malzemeler:

  • Enerji uygulamaları için malzeme sentez yöntemleri (ör. yukarıdan aşağıya, aşağıdan yukarıya, vakumlu veya vakumsuz)
  • Enerji uygulamaları için malzeme karakterizasyonları (ör. fiziksel, kimyasal, elektrokimyasal analizler)
  • Enerji uygulamalarında malzeme performans analizleri (ör. verimlilik, kararlılık)

10. Termodinamik:

  • Termodinamik sistemlerin modellenmesi ve simülasyonu
  • Sistemlerin enerji ve ekserji analizleri
  • Termo-ekonomi
  • Yanma
  • Aerodinamik

Şablon Bilgileri: International Journal of Energy Horizon dergisi, ilk makale gönderimlerinde belirli bir biçimlendirme kuralına bağlı kalınmaksızın, tutarlı bir metin ve atıf formatı ile yapılan başvuruları kabul etmektedir. Bu politika, araştırma sürecine ve bulguların etkili bir şekilde sunumuna odaklanabilmeleri amacıyla yazarların gönderim sürecini daha verimli hale getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin kabulünün ardından, derginin yayın standartlarına uygun hale getirilmesi için editoryal biçimlendirme sürecinden geçirilerek yayıma hazırlanmaktadır.


1. Özgünlük ve Yenilik:

  • Özgün Araştırma: Gönderilen çalışmalar, enerji alanında bilgiyi anlamlı şekilde ilerleten özgün araştırmaları içermelidir. Dergi, yeni kavramlar, metodolojiler veya uygulamalar sunan katkılara öncelik vermektedir.
  • Yenilik: Araştırmanın yenilikçi yönlerini açık bir şekilde belirtin. Çalışmanın mevcut bilgileri nasıl geliştirdiğini veya literatürdeki boşlukları nasıl doldurduğunu vurgulayın.

2. Açıklık ve Kesinlik:

  • Net İletişim: Çalışmanızı, alan dışı veya disiplinlerarası okuyucuların da anlayabileceği şekilde açık, öz ve kesin bir dil kullanarak yazın.
  • Teknik Terimler: Teknik terimleri ve kavramları uygun şekilde tanımlayın. Okuyucuyu gereksiz ayrıntılara boğmadan yeterli arka plan bilgisi sağlayın.

3. Yapı ve Organizasyon:

  • Mantıklı Akış: Giriş, Yöntemler, Bulgular, Tartışma ve Sonuç gibi açık ve mantıklı bir yapı izleyin. Her bölüm, araştırma süreci ve bulgular boyunca okuyucuyu yönlendirecek şekilde birbirini tamamlamalıdır.
  • Bulguların Vurgulanması: Bulguları ve önemini açık bir şekilde sunun. Bulguların olası uygulamalarını ve etkilerini tartışın.

4. Yöntemsel Titizlik:

  • Detaylı Yöntemler: Metodolojileri, deney tasarımlarını veya teorik çerçeveleri kapsamlı bir şekilde açıklayın. Şeffaflığı ve sonuçların tekrarlanabilirliğini sağlamak için adım adım açıklamalar yapın.
  • İstatistiksel Analiz: Uygun olduğunda, bulguların geçerliliğini ve güvenilirliğini desteklemek için detaylı istatistiksel analizler sunun.

5. Kanıt ve Veri:

  • Destekleyici Kanıt: Argümanları, sonuçları ve hipotezleri desteklemek için güçlü ampirik kanıtlar, veriler veya teorik analizler sağlayın.
  • Veri Doğruluğu: Veri kaynaklarını, veri toplama yöntemlerini ve veri yorumlamadaki sınırlamaları belirtin.

6. Kaynaklar ve Atıflar:

  • İlgili Literatür: Araştırmayı daha geniş akademik bağlama yerleştirmek için ilgili ve güncel literatürü atıf yaparak kullanın. Temel çalışmaların ve güncel gelişmelerin hakkını verin.
  • Tutarlı Stil: Dergi yönergelerine uygun (IEEE formatında) tutarlı bir atıf stili kullanın. Kaynak listelerinin doğruluğunu ve eksiksizliğini sağlayın.

7. Şekil ve Tablolar:

  • Görsel Destekler: Uygun olduğunda, karmaşık verileri veya kavramları netleştirmek için şekiller, tablolar, grafikler ve diğer görsel araçlar kullanın.
  • Açıklayıcı Başlıklar: Tüm şekil ve tabloları sırayla numaralandırın ve ilgili açıklamaları içeren başlıklar ekleyin.

8. Dil ve Üslup:

  • Açık Yazım: Açık, dilbilgisel olarak doğru İngilizce kullanın. Anlaşılmayı zorlaştıracak gereksiz jargon, kısaltma veya aşırı karmaşık dilden kaçının.
  • Öz ve Netlik: Yeterli ayrıntı sağlarken öz olun. Anlaşılabilirlik ve tutarlılık için metni düzenleyin.

9. Etik İlkeler:

  • Araştırma Etiği: Araştırma yürütürken etik kurallara uyun; intihal, veri sahteciliği veya tahrifattan kaçının.
  • Çıkar Çatışmaları: Şeffaflığı sağlamak adına çıkar çatışmalarını, mali destekleri ve etik onayları açıkça belirtin.

10. Gönderim Gereklilikleri:

  • Makale Formatı: Makale uzunluğu, biçimlendirme (yazı tipi boyutu, kenar boşlukları, satır aralığı) ve dosya formatı (ör. Word, PDF) açısından dergi gönderim yönergelerine uyun.
  • Bileşenler: Özet, anahtar kelimeler, yazar bilgileri ve kurum bilgileri gibi gerekli tüm bileşenleri ekleyin.

11. İnceleme ve Revizyon:

  • Geri Bildirimlerin Değerlendirilmesi: Hakem ve editör geri bildirimlerine yapıcı ve kapsamlı bir şekilde yanıt verin.
  • Revizyon Takibi: Revize edilen makalede, yapılan değişiklikleri net bir şekilde belirtin ve hakem yorumlarına verilen yanıtları açıkça gösterin.

12. Dergi Kapsamına Uygunluk:

  • Kapsama Uyum: Makalenin, International Journal of Energy Horizon'ın kapsam ve hedefleriyle uyumlu olmasını sağlayın. Araştırmanın enerji alanındaki bilgiye nasıl katkı sağladığını açıkça belirtin.
  • Kapsam Genişletme: Çalışma disiplinlerarası yönler taşıyorsa, enerji çalışmalarına olan ilgisini ve entegrasyonunu net şekilde gerekçelendirin.

13. Yayın Süreci:

  • İntihal ve Yapay Zeka Kontrolü: IJEH'e gönderilen tüm makaleler, benzerlik oranını belirlemek için yazılım ile intihal taramasından geçirilir. %20'den yüksek benzerlik oranına sahip makaleler reddedilir.
  • Açık Erişim Politikası: IJEH tamamen açık erişimli bir dergidir. Yayınlanan tüm makaleler, herhangi bir engel olmadan kamuya açık olarak sunulur ve açık erişim lisansı altında yayımlanır. Şu anda yazarlar için açık erişim ücreti alınmamaktadır.
  • Finansman Kaynakları: Yazarlar, makalenin araştırılması ve hazırlanmasında destek sağlayan finansman kaynaklarını belirtmelidir. Sponsorların rolü, varsa, araştırmanın tasarımında, veri toplamada, analizde, yorumlamada, rapor yazımında ve makale gönderim kararında açıklanmalıdır. Finansman kaynakları şu şekilde belirtilmelidir: Funding: This work was supported by ………………… [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy].
  • Yayın Ücreti: International Journal of Energy Horizon, başvuru ücreti, yayın ücreti veya sayfa ücreti talep etmemektedir.

Dergimiz, en yüksek etik yayıncılık standartlarını korumaya kararlıdır. Gönderilen tüm çalışmalar özgün olmalı, kaynaklar doğru şekilde belirtilmeli ve fikri mülkiyet haklarına saygı gösterilmelidir. Şeffaflık, akademik dürüstlük ve adil hakem değerlendirme süreci ilkelerine sıkı sıkıya bağlıyız. İntihal, veri uydurma veya benzeri her türlü etik ihlal titizlikle ele alınacaktır.

Kurucu

Prof. Dr. Selahattin Çelik, 1985 yılında Ankara’da doğmuştur. Lisans eğitimini 2006 yılında Niğde Üniversitesi Makine Mühendisliği Bölümünde birincilikle tamamlamış, fakülte üçüncüsü olarak mezun olmuştur. TÜBİTAK destekli doğrudan metanol yakıt pili projesinde proje asistanı olarak yer alarak 2009 yılında yüksek lisansını, 2013 yılında ise Gazi Üniversitesi’nde doktorasını tamamlamıştır. Doktora sürecinde Teknogirişim desteğiyle taşınabilir yakıt pili sistemleri geliştirmiş, bu alanda çeşitli ödüller kazanmıştır.

Katı oksit yakıt hücreleri, elektrolizörler ve PEM yakıt pili sistemleri üzerine AB, TÜBİTAK ve savunma sanayi projelerinde araştırmacı ve mühendis olarak görev almıştır. 2013 yılında öğretim üyesi olarak başladığı Niğde Üniversitesi’nde TTO yöneticiliği ve bölüm başkan yardımcılığı gibi idari görevlerde bulunmuş; Nejat Veziroğlu Temiz Enerji Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nin kurucuları arasında yer almıştır.

2017 yılında doçent unvanını almış; 2018’de Vestel ile yürütülen hidrojen yakıt pili projeleriyle YÖK “Üstün Başarı Ödülü”ne katkı sağlamıştır. Halen Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Makine Mühendisliği Bölüm Başkanı ve Hidrojen Teknolojileri ve Enerji Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Müdürü olarak görev yapmaktadır. Evli ve iki çocuk babası olan Prof. Dr. Çelik, ulusal ve uluslararası projelerle hidrojen teknolojileri ve temiz enerji alanındaki çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir.

Renewable Energy Resources , Mechanical Engineering, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Baş Editör

Prof. Dr. Hasan Özcan, 1984 yılında Niğde’de doğmuştur. Lise öğrenimini 2002 yılında Bor Anadolu Lisesi'nde tamamladıktan sonra, 2009 yılında Erciyes Üniversitesi Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü’nden mezun olmuştur. Akademik kariyerine yurt dışında devam eden Özcan, 2015 yılında Kanada’daki Ontario Teknoloji Üniversitesi'nden hidrojen teknolojileri alanında doktora derecesini almıştır. Doktora sonrası araştırmalarını İngiltere’de Imperial College London ve University of Surrey’de sürdürmüş; bu süreçte elektrokimyasal hidrojen teknolojileri ve alternatif yakıtlar üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Uluslararası Atom Enerjisi Kurumu (IAEA) başta olmak üzere, İngiltere'deki sentetik amonyak ve hidrojen üretimi üzerine kurulan Start-Up şirketlerinin teknolojik hazırlık seviyelerini arttırma konusunda danışmanlık hizmeti vermiştir.
İngiltere’de kurucu ortağı ve fikri mülkiyet sahibi olduğu bir girişim aracılığıyla inovatif enerji teknolojileri geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Çok sayıda ulusal ve uluslararası projede yürütücü ve araştırmacı olarak görev alan Prof. Dr. Özcan’ın 70’i aşkın bilimsel yayını ve  metal-hava bataryaları alanında bir adet uluslararası patenti bulunmaktadır. Akademik faaliyetlerine ek olarak Tubitak Dergi Park bünyesinde yeni kurulan İnternational Journal of Energy Horizon dergisinin Baş Editörlüğü görevini de yürütmektedir.
Türkiye’ye döndükten sonra akademik kariyerini Karabük Üniversitesi ve Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi’nde sürdürmüş; her iki üniversitede de sırasıyla Yardımcı Doçent ve Doçent olarak görev yapmış, 2023 yılında Profesör olmaya hak kazanmıştır. Aynı zamanda Karabük Üniversitesi Demir-Çelik Enstitüsü’nde müdür yardımcılığı, AYBU Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü'nde bölüm başkan yardımcılığı ve AYBU bünyesindeki Hidrojen Teknolojileri Araştırma Merkezi’nde müdür yardımcılığı görevlerini üstlenmiştir.
Enerji teknolojileri, hidrojen ekonomisi ve temiz yakıtlar üzerine uzmanlaşan Prof. Dr. Hasan
Özcan, hem akademide hem de sanayide etkin bir rol oynamaya devam etmektedir.

Electrochemical Technologies, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)

Yardımcı Editörler

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Solar Energy Systems, Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation, Heat Transfer in Automotive
Materials Science and Technologies, Compound Semiconductors, Plating Technology, Composite and Hybrid Materials, Corrosion, Material Characterization, Ceramics in Materials Engineering

Alan Editörleri

Quantum Technologies, Biomaterial , Construction Materials, Functional Materials, Plating Technology, Material Characterization, Material Production Technologies, Powder Metallurgy, Aerospace Materials
Energy, Electrochemical Technologies, Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering
Clean Production Technologies, Energy, Environmental and Sustainable Processes, Carbon Capture Engineering (Excl. Sequestration), Chemical Process Design, Process Control and Simulation, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
Development of Science, Technology and Engineering Education and Programs, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Mechanical Engineering (Other)
Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Experimental Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer, Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Energy Systems Engineering, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Nanotechnology
Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (Other)
Computational Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (Incl. Computational Fluid Dynamics), Mechanical Engineering, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering
Renewable Energy Resources , Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
Energy, Solar Energy Systems, Renewable Energy Resources , Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)

Minea Alina Adriana is full professor at Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi” from Iasi, ROMANIA. She received the dr.habil. title in 2013 with a thesis on Heat Transfer Enhancement for reducing Energy Consumption. Her current research interests are in heat transfer for industrial equipment, and nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement techniques.

Her major current projects are 'Nanouptake_ COST action.' and "NanoRound". Her work is based on numerical and experimental studies in developing new heat transfer fluids as well as heat transfer enhancement techniques for saving energy.
More info at: www.brainmap.ro/profile/ALINA-ADRIANA-MINEA
www.researcherid.com/rid/C-7307-2009
www.researchgate.net/profile/Alina_Adriana_Minea

Experimental Methods in Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics
Energy Systems Engineering, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
Renewable Energy Resources

Teknik Editörler

Energy, Renewable Energy Resources , Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Mechanical Engineering (Other)
Renewable Energy Resources , Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (Other)
Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation
Electrochemistry, Fundamental and Theoretical Fluid Dynamics, Energy, Renewable Energy Resources , Energy Efficiency, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Electrochemical Technologies, Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical), Mechanical Engineering (Other)

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