KARBON NÖTRLÜĞÜNE GİDEN YOLDA CCS TEKNOLOJİLERİ VE DİJİTALLEŞME PERSPEKTİFİ: SOSYAL, POLİTİK VE EKONOMİK BOYUTLARI OLAN BÜTÜNCÜL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Düşük karbonlu bir enerji sistemine küresel geçiş, emisyon azaltma, kontrol ve dengeleme süreçlerini yeni nesil teknolojilerle entegre eden kapsamlı karbon yönetimi stratejileri gerektirmektedir. Karbon Yakalama ve Depolama (CCS), enerji üretimi, demir-çelik ve çimento gibi enerji yoğun sektörlerde CO₂ emisyonlarını azaltmak için en umut verici yaklaşımlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Ancak geleneksel CCS uygulamaları, yüksek sermaye ve işletme maliyetleri, enerji verimliliği kayıpları ve toplumsal kabul sorunları gibi önemli zorluklarla karşı karşıyadır. Son çalışmalar, dijital ikizler, yapay zekâ (YZ), Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) sensör ağları ve blok zinciri tabanlı izleme sistemleri gibi yeni nesil dijital araçların entegrasyonunun, CCS operasyonlarının verimliliğini, şeffaflığını ve güvenliğini artırabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu teknolojiler, süreç optimizasyonunu geliştirmekte, enerji verimliliği kayıplarını azaltmakta ve MRV (İzleme, Raporlama, Doğrulama) çerçevelerini güçlendirerek CCS'nin daha geniş çapta benimsenmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Politika analizleri, CCS'nin yaygınlaştırılması için etkili karbon fiyatlandırmasının, uluslararası iş birliğinin ve finansal teşviklerin kritik önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, CCS yalnızca fosil yakıt bazlı altyapının karbondan arındırılması için bir "geçiş teknolojisi" olarak değil, aynı zamanda karbonun yeniden kullanımını sağladığı için karbon ekonomisinin de temel taşı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, enerji sektörü bağlamında karbon yönetim sistemleri ve CCS teknolojilerinin bütünsel entegrasyonunu, avantajlarını ve zorluklarını ele almakta ve mevcut teknolojilerin bir değerlendirmesini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CO₂ emisyonları
• CCS teknolojileri
• Yeni Nesil CCS
• Yanma sonrası yakalama
• Yapay zeka
• Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT)
• Karbon yönetimi
• Enerji dönüşümü

CCS TECHNOLOGIES AND DIGITALIZATION PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROAD TO CARBON NEUTRALITY: A HOLISTIC RESEARCH WITH SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS

Öz

The global transition to a low-carbon energy system requires comprehensive carbon management strategies that integrate emissions reduction, control, and offset processes with next-generation technologies. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has become one of the most promising approaches for reducing CO₂ emissions in energy-intensive sectors such as power generation, iron and steel, and cement. However, traditional CCS applications face significant challenges, including high capital and operating costs, energy efficiency losses, and social acceptance issues. Recent studies demonstrate that the integration of next-generation digital tools, such as digital twins, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks, and blockchain-based monitoring systems, can increase the efficiency, transparency, and security of CCS operations. These technologies enhance process optimization, reduce energy efficiency losses, and strengthen MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, Verification) frameworks, contributing to the wider adoption of CCS. Policy analyses highlight the critical importance of effective carbon pricing, international cooperation, and financial incentives for scaling up CCS. In this context, CCS is considered not only a "transition technology" for decarbonizing fossil fuel-based infrastructure but also a cornerstone of the carbon economy because it enables carbon reuse. This study discusses the holistic integration of carbon management systems and CCS technologies in the context of the energy sector, their advantages and challenges, and aims to present an evaluation of current technologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CO₂ emissions
• CCS technologies
• Next-Generation CCS
• Post-Combustion capture
• Artificial intelligence
• IoT
• Carbon management
• Energy transformation

Kaynakça

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