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A Qualitative Research on the Internationalization process of International Entrepreneurs

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 12, 96 - 107, 24.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.55775/ijemi.1148148

Abstract

With the increase of globalization and the changing world economy, entrepreneurs are turning their direction to foreign trade. In this context, the subject of the research is which paths international entrepreneurs follow while going through the internationalization processes. Studies in the field of international entrepreneurship in Turkey are few. In order to contribute to the literature, the internationalization processes of exporting enterprises in international entrepreneurship will be examined within the scope of the research. Various models are presented to determine the fields of activity of international businesses and the development opportunities of international entrepreneurship. These models are stage approaches, born global approaches, and network approaches.
Qualitative research perspective has been adopted in terms of the possibility of obtaining rich data. The aim in new research areas is to contribute to the existing knowledge through exploratory findings and to develop theoretical perspectives for future research in the field. In-depth interview technique consisting of unstructured and semi-structured questions was used as a data collection method. Province-based population is preferred while conducting the research. The selection of Bursa and Karabük provinces is because they are opposite ecologies. While full count sampling was used in Karabük, maximum diversity sampling was used in Bursa.
Qualitative methods allow to uncover collective activity and situational details and to validate theoretical concepts through nuanced data. As a result, a new, systematic conceptualization of internationalization processes is being developed in international entrepreneurship theory. Thematic data analysis, which is a form of data analysis that allows the identification, analysis and reporting of meaningful and idea groups and themes, is used in data analysis.

References

  • Andersen, O. (1993). On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 24/2, 209-231.
  • Bilkey, W., & Tesar, G. (1977). The Export Behavior of Smaller-Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 8/1, 93-98.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3/2, 77-101.
  • Cavusgil, S. T. (1980). On the internationalization process of firms. European Research, 8, 273 – 280.
  • Cavusgil, S., Knight, G., & Riesenberger, J. (2008). International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Chetty, S., & Holm, D. B. (2000). Internationalisation of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms: a network approach. International Business Review, 9, 77-93.
  • Czinkota, M. R. (1982). Export Development Strategies: U. S. Promotion Policy. Thunderbird International Business Review, 24, 14-16. Etemad, H., Gurau, C., & Dana, L. P. (2021). International entrepreneurship research agendas evolving: A longitudinal study using the Delphi method. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1-23.
  • Johanson, J., & Mattson , L.-G. (1988). Interorganizationai Relations in Industrial Systems: A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction-Cost Approach. İnternational Studies of Management and Organization, 16/1, 34-48.
  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (2009). The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership. Journal of International Business Studies, 40:1411–1431.
  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). The Internationalization Process of the Firm—A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8/1, 23-32.
  • McDougall, P. P., & Oviatt, B. M. (2003). Some Fundamental Issues in International Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 1-27.
  • McDougall, P. P., & Oviatt, B. M. (2000). International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 902–908.
  • Neergaard, H. (2006). Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods in Entrepreneurship. Northampton: Edward Elgar.
  • Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (2005a). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 537-554.
  • Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (2005b). The internationalization of entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business, 36: 2-8.
  • Reid, S. D. (1981). The Decision-Maker and Export Entry and Expansion. Journal of International Business Studies, 12/2, 101-112.
  • Schweizer, R., Vahlne, J.-E., & Johanson , J. (2010). Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 8: 343–370.
  • Tayauova, G. (2013). Uluslararası girişimciliğin gelişimine ilişkin yaklaşımların. V INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP (s. 172-176). Almatı/Kazakistan: SDU.
  • Uygun, R. (2011). Girişimci Türleri Ekseninde Girişimsel Fırsatların Tespitinde Beşeri Sermayenin Rolü. Doktora Tezi. Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi.
  • Uygun, R. (2006). Türkiye'de Girişimcilik Kültürünü Yönlendiren Öncü Girişimciler ve İbrahim Bodur Modeli. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi.
  • Vahlne, J.-E., & Johanson, J. (2013). The Uppsala model on evolution of the multinational business enterprise – from internalization to coordination of networks. International Marketing Review, 30/3, 189-210.
  • Yan, H., Wickramasekera, R., & Tan, A. (2018). Exploration of Chinese SMEs’ export development: The role of managerial determinants based on an adapted innovation- related internationalization model. Thunderbird International Business Review, 633-646.
  • Zahra, S. A. (2007). Contextualizing theory building in entrepreneurship research. Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship, 443-452.
  • Zucchella, A., Hagen, B., & Serapio, M. G. (2018). International Entrepraneurship. Northampton/ İngiltere: Edward Elgar.
  • Zucchella, A., & Magnani, G. (2016). International Entrepreneurship. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Uluslararası Girişimcilerin Uluslararasılaşma Sürecine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 12, 96 - 107, 24.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.55775/ijemi.1148148

Abstract

Küreselleşmenin artması ve değişen dünya ekonomisiyle beraber girişimciler yönlerini dış ticarete çevirmektedirler. Bu bağlamda ihracat yapan uluslararası girişimcilerin uluslararasılaşma süreçlerinden geçerken hangi yolları izledikleri araştırmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’de uluslararası girişimcilik alanında gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar az sayıdadır. Alan yazına katkı sağlamak amacıyla, ele alınan araştırma kapsamında ihracat yapan işletmelerin uluslararası girişimcilikte uluslararasılaşma süreçleri incelenecektir. Uluslararası işletmelerin faaliyet alanları ve uluslararası girişimciliğin gelişim olanaklarını belirlemek için çeşitli modeller ortaya koyulmaktadır. Bu modeller aşama yaklaşımları, küresel doğanlar yaklaşımları ve ağ yaklaşımlarıdır.
Zengin veri elde etme imkânı açısından nitel araştırma perspektifi benimsenmiştir. Yeni araştırma alanlarında amaç keşifsel bulgular aracılığıyla mevcut bilgi birikimine katkı sağlayarak alanda gelecekte gerçekleştirilecek araştırmalara teorik bakış açıları geliştirmektir. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak yapılandırılmamış ve yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan derinlemesine mülakat tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma yapılırken il bazlı popülasyon tercih edilmektedir. Bursa ve Karabük illerinin seçilmesi zıt ekolojiler olmasıdır. Karabük’te tam sayım örnekleme kullanılırken Bursa’da maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi kullanılmıştır.
Nitel yöntemler, kolektif faaliyeti ve durumsal ayrıntıları ortaya çıkarmaya ve teorik kavramları nüanslı veriler aracılığıyla doğrulamaya izin verir. Sonuç olarak, uluslararası girişimcilik teorisinde uluslararasılaşma süreçlerinin yeni, sistematik bir kavramsallaştırmasını geliştirilmektedir. Veri analizinde anlamlı ve fikir grupları ile temaların tanımlanmasına, analiz edilmesine ve raporlanmasına olanak tanıyan veri analiz biçimi olan tematik veri analizi kullanılmaktadır.

References

  • Andersen, O. (1993). On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 24/2, 209-231.
  • Bilkey, W., & Tesar, G. (1977). The Export Behavior of Smaller-Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 8/1, 93-98.
  • Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3/2, 77-101.
  • Cavusgil, S. T. (1980). On the internationalization process of firms. European Research, 8, 273 – 280.
  • Cavusgil, S., Knight, G., & Riesenberger, J. (2008). International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Chetty, S., & Holm, D. B. (2000). Internationalisation of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms: a network approach. International Business Review, 9, 77-93.
  • Czinkota, M. R. (1982). Export Development Strategies: U. S. Promotion Policy. Thunderbird International Business Review, 24, 14-16. Etemad, H., Gurau, C., & Dana, L. P. (2021). International entrepreneurship research agendas evolving: A longitudinal study using the Delphi method. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 1-23.
  • Johanson, J., & Mattson , L.-G. (1988). Interorganizationai Relations in Industrial Systems: A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction-Cost Approach. İnternational Studies of Management and Organization, 16/1, 34-48.
  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (2009). The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership. Journal of International Business Studies, 40:1411–1431.
  • Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). The Internationalization Process of the Firm—A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8/1, 23-32.
  • McDougall, P. P., & Oviatt, B. M. (2003). Some Fundamental Issues in International Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 1-27.
  • McDougall, P. P., & Oviatt, B. M. (2000). International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 902–908.
  • Neergaard, H. (2006). Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods in Entrepreneurship. Northampton: Edward Elgar.
  • Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (2005a). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 537-554.
  • Oviatt, B. M., & McDougall, P. P. (2005b). The internationalization of entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business, 36: 2-8.
  • Reid, S. D. (1981). The Decision-Maker and Export Entry and Expansion. Journal of International Business Studies, 12/2, 101-112.
  • Schweizer, R., Vahlne, J.-E., & Johanson , J. (2010). Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 8: 343–370.
  • Tayauova, G. (2013). Uluslararası girişimciliğin gelişimine ilişkin yaklaşımların. V INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP (s. 172-176). Almatı/Kazakistan: SDU.
  • Uygun, R. (2011). Girişimci Türleri Ekseninde Girişimsel Fırsatların Tespitinde Beşeri Sermayenin Rolü. Doktora Tezi. Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi.
  • Uygun, R. (2006). Türkiye'de Girişimcilik Kültürünü Yönlendiren Öncü Girişimciler ve İbrahim Bodur Modeli. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi.
  • Vahlne, J.-E., & Johanson, J. (2013). The Uppsala model on evolution of the multinational business enterprise – from internalization to coordination of networks. International Marketing Review, 30/3, 189-210.
  • Yan, H., Wickramasekera, R., & Tan, A. (2018). Exploration of Chinese SMEs’ export development: The role of managerial determinants based on an adapted innovation- related internationalization model. Thunderbird International Business Review, 633-646.
  • Zahra, S. A. (2007). Contextualizing theory building in entrepreneurship research. Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship, 443-452.
  • Zucchella, A., Hagen, B., & Serapio, M. G. (2018). International Entrepraneurship. Northampton/ İngiltere: Edward Elgar.
  • Zucchella, A., & Magnani, G. (2016). International Entrepreneurship. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ramazan Uygun 0000-0003-3240-9874

Fatma Aykut 0000-0002-7843-0428

Early Pub Date August 22, 2023
Publication Date August 24, 2023
Submission Date July 24, 2022
Acceptance Date June 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 12

Cite

APA Uygun, R., & Aykut, F. (2023). Uluslararası Girişimcilerin Uluslararasılaşma Sürecine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries, 7(12), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.55775/ijemi.1148148

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