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Ethical Aspects of Buyer-Seller Relations: Exploring the Perceptual Differences of Organizational Buyers and Sellers

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 16, 37 - 55, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.55775/ijemi.1633545

Abstract

The present study examined perceptions of marketing ethics in the relationships between organizational (industrial) buyers and salespeople, and compared the perspectives of sales personnel and purchasing officers. A quantitative field study was conducted, and a questionnaire form developed by using the relevant literature was applied to a total of 213 professionals, 108 of whom were sales personnel and 105 were purchasing officers, who were determined by convenience sampling. The study revealed that the majority of the participants (84%) declared that their organization had established written or customary ethical codes of conduct. The analysis revealed significant differences in the perceptions and evaluations of sales personnel and purchasing officers in seven of the 19 ethically questionable behaviors that are likely to be encountered in buyer-seller relationships. The analysis further revealed that the age, gender and professional experience of the participants influenced their perspectives on ethically questionable behaviors. The findings indicate that certain behaviors, such as gift giving and hosting, which are prevalent in buyer-seller relationships in industrial markets, can be interpreted differently in terms of ethics. Consequently, it has been determined that the establishment of clear and stringent ethical regulations governing sales and purchaser relations in industrial markets is imperative. Furthermore, it is essential to ensure that employees are routinely trained, informed and monitored on business ethics. Finally, the implementation of deterrent regulations is necessary to prevent unethical practices. The paper also presents suggestions for future research on this subject.

References

  • Aksoy, S. (2013). Etik liderin ve etik iklimin iş performansına etkisi: İlaç mümessilleri üzerinde yapılan bir araştırma. 18. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi, Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Kars, 92-102.
  • Bahçe, A. S. (2013). Kişisel satışa giriş. Turan, M. G. (Ed.), Kişisel satış teknikleri içinde (ss. 2-24). 1. baskı. Eskişehir: Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Caywood, C. L., & Laczniak, G. R. (1986). Ethics and personal selling: "Death of a salesman" as an ethical primer. The Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 6(2), 81-88.
  • Chonko, L. B., & Hunt, S. D. (1985). Ethics and marketing management: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Research, 13(4), 339-359.
  • Cooper, R. W., Frank, G. L., & Kemp, R. A. (1997). The ethical environment facing the profession of purchasing and materials management. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 33(2), 2–11.
  • Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S., & Spence, L. J. (2019). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
  • Çelik, S. (2010). İş ahlakı uygulamalarının çalışan memnuniyeti ile ilişkisi. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 3(5), 21-40.
  • Demir, N. (2008). Örgütlerin Etik Kültürü ve Beyaz Yakalı Çalışanların Pazarlama Etiği Anlayışını İrdeleyen Bir Saha Çalışması. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(29), 139-145.
  • Demir, R., & Acar, A. C. (2014). An overview and analysis of marketing ethics. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(11), 151-158.
  • Dempsey, W., Bushman, F. A., & Plank, R. E. (1980). Personal inducement of industrial buyers. Industrial Marketing Management, 9(4), 281-289.
  • Dubinsky, A. J., & Gwin, J. M. (1981). Business ethics: Buyers and sellers. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 17(4), 9-16.
  • Dubinsky, A. J., & Levy, M. (1985). Ethics in retailing: Perceptions of retail salespeople. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 13(1-2), 1-16.
  • Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2020). Ethical decision making and cases.11. Ed. Cengage Learning.
  • Ferrell, O. C., & Gresham, L. G. (1985). A contingency framework for understanding ethical decision making in marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 48, 87-96.
  • Fisher, J. (2007). Business marketing and the ethics of gift giving. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(1), 99-108.
  • Forker, L. B., & Janson, R. L. (1990). Ethical practices in purchasing. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 26(1), 19-26.
  • Franke, G. R., Crown, D. F., & Spake, D. F. (1997). Gender differences in ethical perceptions of business practices: A social role theory perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6), 920–934. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.920
  • Friedman, M., Gurwitz, S., & Herrera, P. (2000). New dimensions of consumer fraud. Consumer Interests Annual, 46, 197-199.
  • Fritzsche, D. J. (2005). Business ethics: A global managerial perspective. New York, McGraw Hill Irwin.
  • Gegez, E., S. Inks & R. Avila (2006) A Comparison of Turkish Buyers' and Sellers' Perceptions of Ethical Behaviors Within the Buyer-Seller Dyad, Journal of Euromarketing, 15(2), 27-50
  • Geiger, S., & Turley, D. (2003). Grounded theory in sales research: an investigation of salespeople’s client relationships. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(6/7), 580-594.
  • Gürdal, S. (1990). Satış gücü yönetimi. İstanbul: Yeni Asya Yayınları.
  • Hite, R. E., & Bellizzi, J. A. (1987). Salespeople's use of entertainment and gifts. Industrial Marketing Management, 16(4), 279-285.
  • Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. (1986). A general theory of marketing ethics. Journal of Macromarketing, 6(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/027614678600600103
  • Inks S., Avila R., Chapman J. (2004) A comparison of buyers’ and sellers’ perceptions of ethical behaviors within the buyer-seller dyad, Marketing Management Journal, 14(1), 117-128.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H., & Altunışık, R. (2014). Satış ve satış yönetimi (3. baskı). Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Katz, D., Caplan, A. L., & Merz, J. F. (2010). All gifts large and small: toward an understanding of the ethics of pharmaceutical industry gift-giving. The American Journal of Bioethics, 10(10), 11-17.
  • Kitson, A., Campbell, R., Kitson, A., & Campbell, R. (1996). Ethical issues in purchasing. The Ethical Organisation: Ethical Theory and Corporate Behaviour, 185-194.
  • Kohlberg, L., & Power, C. (1981). Moral development, religious thinking, and the question of a seventh stage. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 16(3).
  • Korkmaz, S., Eser, Z., & Öztürk, S. A. (2009). Pazarlamada kavramlar – ilkeler – kararlar (1. baskı). Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Korkmaz, S., & Cop, R. (1999). Kadın ve erkek satış personeli arasındaki etiksel farklılıklar. 4. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Hatay, 280-289.
  • Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2018). Pazarlama yönetimi (İ. Kırcova, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş. Laczniak, G. R., & Murphy, P. E. (2019). The role of normative marketing ethics. Journal of Business Research, 95, 401-407.
  • McClaren, N. (2000), Ethics in Personal Selling and Sales Management: A Review of the Literature Focusing on Empirical Findings and Conceptual Foundations, Journal of Business Ethics, 27 (October) 3, 285-303.
  • McCracken, G. K., & Callahan, T. J. (1996). Is there such a thing as a free lunch?. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 32(4), 44-50.
  • Mellahi, K., & Wood, G. (2003). The ethical business: Challenges and controversies. Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mullins, R. R., Ahearne, M., Lam, S. K., Hall, Z. R., & Boichuk, J. P. (2014). Know your customer: How salesperson perceptions of customer relationship quality form and influence account profitability. Journal of Marketing, 78(6), 38-58.
  • Murphy, P. E. (2005). Developing, communicating and promoting corporate ethics statements: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 183-189.
  • Oakley, J., Bush, A. J., Moncrief, W. C., Sherrell, D., & Babakus, E. (2021). The role of customer entertainment in B2B sales strategy: Comparative insights from professional buyers and salespeople. Industrial Marketing Management, 92, 190-201.
  • Odabaşı, Y., & Oyman, M. (2007). Pazarlama iletişim yönetimi (7. baskı). İstanbul: MediaCat.
  • O’Fallon, M.J., Butterfield, K.D. (2005). A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 375–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-2929-7
  • Rest, J. R. (1983). Morality. In P. Müssen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology, Vol. 3: Cognitive Development (pp. 556–629). John Wiley and Sons.
  • Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Öberseder, M. (2010). Half a century of marketing ethics: Shifting perspectives and emerging trends. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 1-19.
  • Shaw, W. H., & Barry, V. (2004). Moral issues in business (9th edition). Belmont, CA’ Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Tsalikis, J., & Fritzsche, D. J. (2012). Business ethics: A literature review with a focus on marketing ethics. In A. C. Michalos & D. C. Poff (Eds.), Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics: Celebrating the first thirty years of publication (pp. 337-404). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4126-3_17
  • Tunçer, P. (2008). Satış teknikleri: Nasıl iyi bir satışçı olursunuz? (1. baskı). Ankara: Adres Yayınları.
  • Turner, G. B., Taylor, G. S., & Hartley, M. F. (1994). Ethics policies and gratuity acceptance by purchasers. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 30(2), 42-47.
  • Varinli, İ. (2013). Perakendecilikte etik ve sosyal sorunlar. In S. A. Öztürk (Ed.), Perakendeciliğe giriş içinde (ss. 78-117). 1. baskı. Eskişehir: Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Varinli, İ., & Kurtoğlu, R. (2005). Satış personelinin etik algılamaları: Perakende sektöründe bir uygulama. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 1-22.
  • Vitell, S. J. (2003). Consumer ethics research: Review, synthesis and suggestions for the future. Journal of Business Ethics, 43, 33-47.
  • Vosgerau, J., Anderson, E., & Ross Jr, W. T. (2008). Can inaccurate perceptions in business-to-business (B2B) relationships be beneficial?. Marketing Science, 27(2), 205-224.

Alıcı-Satıcı İlişkilerinin Etik Yönü: Örgütsel Alıcılar ve Satıcıların Algısal Farklılıkları

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 16, 37 - 55, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.55775/ijemi.1633545

Abstract

Bu araştırmada örgütsel (endüstriyel) alıcılar ve satışçılar arasındaki ilişkilerde pazarlama etiğine ilişkin algılamalar incelenmiş ve satış personeli ve satın alma görevlilerinin bakışları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, nicel bir saha araştırması gerçekleştirilmiş, ilgili literatürden faydalanılarak oluşturulan anket formu, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiş olan 108’i satış personeli, 105’i satın alma görevlisi toplamda 213 profesyonele uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların çoğunluğunun (%84) çalıştıkları kurumda yazılı veya yazılı olmayan etik uygulama kurallarının bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Alıcı-satıcı ilişkilerinde karşılaşılması muhtemel, etik açıdan sorgulanabilir 19 davranışın 7’sinde satış personeli ve satın alma görevlilerinin algılamaları ve değerlendirmelerinde anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaşı, cinsiyeti ve mesleki tecrübelerinin de etik açıdan sorgulanabilir davranışlara bakışlarında çeşitli farklılıklar yarattığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, endüstriyel pazarlarda alıcı-satıcı ilişkilerinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan hediye verme, ağırlama gibi bazı davranışların etik açıdan farklı yorumlanabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, endüstriyel pazarlarda satışçı ve satın almacı ilişkilerini düzenleyen açık ve anlaşılır etik kuralların oluşturulması, çalışanların bu konuda düzenli olarak eğitilmesi, bilgilendirilmesi ve takip edilmesi gerektiği ve nihayet etik dışı uygulamaları önleyecek caydırıcı düzenlemelere ihtiyaç duyulduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu konuda gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için öneriler de sunulmuştur.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü bünyesinde gerçekleştirilen bir Yüksek Lisans Projesinin parçasıdır. Çalışmanın özet hali, 10-13 Eylül 2024 tarihlerinde Romanya'da gerçekleştirilen 10th International EMI Entrepreneurship & Social Sciences Congress 'de sunulmuştur.

References

  • Aksoy, S. (2013). Etik liderin ve etik iklimin iş performansına etkisi: İlaç mümessilleri üzerinde yapılan bir araştırma. 18. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi, Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Kars, 92-102.
  • Bahçe, A. S. (2013). Kişisel satışa giriş. Turan, M. G. (Ed.), Kişisel satış teknikleri içinde (ss. 2-24). 1. baskı. Eskişehir: Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Caywood, C. L., & Laczniak, G. R. (1986). Ethics and personal selling: "Death of a salesman" as an ethical primer. The Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 6(2), 81-88.
  • Chonko, L. B., & Hunt, S. D. (1985). Ethics and marketing management: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Research, 13(4), 339-359.
  • Cooper, R. W., Frank, G. L., & Kemp, R. A. (1997). The ethical environment facing the profession of purchasing and materials management. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 33(2), 2–11.
  • Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S., & Spence, L. J. (2019). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
  • Çelik, S. (2010). İş ahlakı uygulamalarının çalışan memnuniyeti ile ilişkisi. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 3(5), 21-40.
  • Demir, N. (2008). Örgütlerin Etik Kültürü ve Beyaz Yakalı Çalışanların Pazarlama Etiği Anlayışını İrdeleyen Bir Saha Çalışması. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(29), 139-145.
  • Demir, R., & Acar, A. C. (2014). An overview and analysis of marketing ethics. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(11), 151-158.
  • Dempsey, W., Bushman, F. A., & Plank, R. E. (1980). Personal inducement of industrial buyers. Industrial Marketing Management, 9(4), 281-289.
  • Dubinsky, A. J., & Gwin, J. M. (1981). Business ethics: Buyers and sellers. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 17(4), 9-16.
  • Dubinsky, A. J., & Levy, M. (1985). Ethics in retailing: Perceptions of retail salespeople. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 13(1-2), 1-16.
  • Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2020). Ethical decision making and cases.11. Ed. Cengage Learning.
  • Ferrell, O. C., & Gresham, L. G. (1985). A contingency framework for understanding ethical decision making in marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 48, 87-96.
  • Fisher, J. (2007). Business marketing and the ethics of gift giving. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(1), 99-108.
  • Forker, L. B., & Janson, R. L. (1990). Ethical practices in purchasing. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 26(1), 19-26.
  • Franke, G. R., Crown, D. F., & Spake, D. F. (1997). Gender differences in ethical perceptions of business practices: A social role theory perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6), 920–934. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.920
  • Friedman, M., Gurwitz, S., & Herrera, P. (2000). New dimensions of consumer fraud. Consumer Interests Annual, 46, 197-199.
  • Fritzsche, D. J. (2005). Business ethics: A global managerial perspective. New York, McGraw Hill Irwin.
  • Gegez, E., S. Inks & R. Avila (2006) A Comparison of Turkish Buyers' and Sellers' Perceptions of Ethical Behaviors Within the Buyer-Seller Dyad, Journal of Euromarketing, 15(2), 27-50
  • Geiger, S., & Turley, D. (2003). Grounded theory in sales research: an investigation of salespeople’s client relationships. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 18(6/7), 580-594.
  • Gürdal, S. (1990). Satış gücü yönetimi. İstanbul: Yeni Asya Yayınları.
  • Hite, R. E., & Bellizzi, J. A. (1987). Salespeople's use of entertainment and gifts. Industrial Marketing Management, 16(4), 279-285.
  • Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. (1986). A general theory of marketing ethics. Journal of Macromarketing, 6(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/027614678600600103
  • Inks S., Avila R., Chapman J. (2004) A comparison of buyers’ and sellers’ perceptions of ethical behaviors within the buyer-seller dyad, Marketing Management Journal, 14(1), 117-128.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H., & Altunışık, R. (2014). Satış ve satış yönetimi (3. baskı). Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Katz, D., Caplan, A. L., & Merz, J. F. (2010). All gifts large and small: toward an understanding of the ethics of pharmaceutical industry gift-giving. The American Journal of Bioethics, 10(10), 11-17.
  • Kitson, A., Campbell, R., Kitson, A., & Campbell, R. (1996). Ethical issues in purchasing. The Ethical Organisation: Ethical Theory and Corporate Behaviour, 185-194.
  • Kohlberg, L., & Power, C. (1981). Moral development, religious thinking, and the question of a seventh stage. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 16(3).
  • Korkmaz, S., Eser, Z., & Öztürk, S. A. (2009). Pazarlamada kavramlar – ilkeler – kararlar (1. baskı). Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi.
  • Korkmaz, S., & Cop, R. (1999). Kadın ve erkek satış personeli arasındaki etiksel farklılıklar. 4. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Hatay, 280-289.
  • Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2018). Pazarlama yönetimi (İ. Kırcova, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş. Laczniak, G. R., & Murphy, P. E. (2019). The role of normative marketing ethics. Journal of Business Research, 95, 401-407.
  • McClaren, N. (2000), Ethics in Personal Selling and Sales Management: A Review of the Literature Focusing on Empirical Findings and Conceptual Foundations, Journal of Business Ethics, 27 (October) 3, 285-303.
  • McCracken, G. K., & Callahan, T. J. (1996). Is there such a thing as a free lunch?. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 32(4), 44-50.
  • Mellahi, K., & Wood, G. (2003). The ethical business: Challenges and controversies. Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mullins, R. R., Ahearne, M., Lam, S. K., Hall, Z. R., & Boichuk, J. P. (2014). Know your customer: How salesperson perceptions of customer relationship quality form and influence account profitability. Journal of Marketing, 78(6), 38-58.
  • Murphy, P. E. (2005). Developing, communicating and promoting corporate ethics statements: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 183-189.
  • Oakley, J., Bush, A. J., Moncrief, W. C., Sherrell, D., & Babakus, E. (2021). The role of customer entertainment in B2B sales strategy: Comparative insights from professional buyers and salespeople. Industrial Marketing Management, 92, 190-201.
  • Odabaşı, Y., & Oyman, M. (2007). Pazarlama iletişim yönetimi (7. baskı). İstanbul: MediaCat.
  • O’Fallon, M.J., Butterfield, K.D. (2005). A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 375–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-2929-7
  • Rest, J. R. (1983). Morality. In P. Müssen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology, Vol. 3: Cognitive Development (pp. 556–629). John Wiley and Sons.
  • Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Öberseder, M. (2010). Half a century of marketing ethics: Shifting perspectives and emerging trends. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 1-19.
  • Shaw, W. H., & Barry, V. (2004). Moral issues in business (9th edition). Belmont, CA’ Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Tsalikis, J., & Fritzsche, D. J. (2012). Business ethics: A literature review with a focus on marketing ethics. In A. C. Michalos & D. C. Poff (Eds.), Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics: Celebrating the first thirty years of publication (pp. 337-404). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4126-3_17
  • Tunçer, P. (2008). Satış teknikleri: Nasıl iyi bir satışçı olursunuz? (1. baskı). Ankara: Adres Yayınları.
  • Turner, G. B., Taylor, G. S., & Hartley, M. F. (1994). Ethics policies and gratuity acceptance by purchasers. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 30(2), 42-47.
  • Varinli, İ. (2013). Perakendecilikte etik ve sosyal sorunlar. In S. A. Öztürk (Ed.), Perakendeciliğe giriş içinde (ss. 78-117). 1. baskı. Eskişehir: Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Varinli, İ., & Kurtoğlu, R. (2005). Satış personelinin etik algılamaları: Perakende sektöründe bir uygulama. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 1-22.
  • Vitell, S. J. (2003). Consumer ethics research: Review, synthesis and suggestions for the future. Journal of Business Ethics, 43, 33-47.
  • Vosgerau, J., Anderson, E., & Ross Jr, W. T. (2008). Can inaccurate perceptions in business-to-business (B2B) relationships be beneficial?. Marketing Science, 27(2), 205-224.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ümit Alnıaçık 0000-0003-2998-355X

Asya Özkarakaşoğlu Aygün This is me 0009-0003-5134-7215

Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date February 5, 2025
Acceptance Date April 5, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Alnıaçık, Ü., & Aygün, A. Ö. (2025). Alıcı-Satıcı İlişkilerinin Etik Yönü: Örgütsel Alıcılar ve Satıcıların Algısal Farklılıkları. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries, 9(16), 37-55. https://doi.org/10.55775/ijemi.1633545

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