Türk Şişelenmiş İçme Sularındaki Elementlerin ICP-OES Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi: Yöntem Validasyonu

Öz

Ağır metal kirliliği tüm dünyada içme suyunda önemli bir sorun olmuştur. Nüfus artışı ve yetersiz belediye hizmetleri nedeniyle su kirliliğinin artması, insanların şişelenmiş su tüketimini daha fazla tercih etmesine neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle, şişelenmiş içme suyunun mineral bileşiminin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, süpermarketlerde satılan şişelenmiş içme suyu örneklerinde Antimon (Sb), Arsenik (As), Berilyum (Be), Kadmiyum (Cd), Krom (Cr), Kobalt (Co), Bakır (Cu), Demir (Fe), Kurşun (Pb), Lityum (Li), Mangan (Mn), Nikel (Ni), Stronsiyum (Sr) ve Vanadyum (V) indüktif eşleşmiş plazma optik emisyon spektrometresi (ICP-OES) ile analiz edilmiştir. Algılama sınırı (LOD), tayin sınırı (LOQ), tekrarlanabilirlik ve geri kazanım (%) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Metot validasyon verileri, metodun şişelenmiş içme suyu örneklerinde element analizi için uygulanabilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Örneklerde As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb ve Zn tespit edilmemiştir (

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şişelenmiş içme suları
• ICP-OES
• eser elementler
• ağır metaller
• yöntem validasyonu

Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation

Öz

Heavy metal pollution has been a major problem in drinking water all over the world. Increase in water pollution due to population growth, also inadequate municipality services, people have preferred consuming bottled water more. Hence, it is crucial to determine mineral composition of the bottled drinking water. In this study, Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Lithium (Li), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Strontium (Sr) and Vanadium (V) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in bottled drinking water samples sold in supermarkets. Linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), reproducibility and recovery (%) values were determined. Method validation data results showed that the method is applicable for elemental analysis in bottled drinking water samples. As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were not detected in the samples (

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bottled drinking water
• heavy metal
• method validation
• trace elements
• ICP-OES

Kaynakça

1. [1] Pandey, S. (2006). Water pollution and health. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ), 4(1), 128-134.
2. [2] Alzaridi, F. M. N. S., & Kurnaz, A. (2020). Determination of concentration levels of toxic elements and radon in drinking waters consumed in Kastamonu province, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1-12.
3. [3] WHO (2022). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Fourth Edition, Incorporating the First and Second Addenda. World Health Organization, Geneva.
4. [4] Ji, Y., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Elumalai, V., Subramani, T. (2020). Seasonal variation of drinking water quality and human health risk assessment in Hancheng City of Guanzhong Plain, China. Exposure and Health, 12(3): 469-485.
5. [5] Matricon, J. (2015). Yaşasın su. Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
6. [6] Xiaowen D., Shouyan, W., Guihong, J. and Guohe, H. (2017) A simulation program on change trend of pollutant concentration under water pollution accidents and its application in Heshangshan drinking water source area. Journal of Cleaner Production. 167, 326-336.
7. [7] Aşıkkutlu B., Gümüş, N.E., & Akköz, C. (2021). Water Quality Properties of Acı Lake and Meke Lake (Konya/Turkey). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 7(3), 260-270. [8] Keskinkaya, H. B., Gümüş, N. E., Aşıkkutlu, B., Akköz, C., Okudan, E. Ş., & Karakurt, S. (2020). Macro and Trace Element Levels of Green Algae Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889 From Dardanelles (Çanakkale/Turkey). Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 55-61.
8. [9] Kibria, G. (2016). Trace metals/heavy metals and its impact on environment, biodiversity and human health-A short review. 5p. doi: 10.13140/RG. 2.1. 3102.2568.

9. [10] Aşıkkutlu, B. , Akköz, C. & Öztürk, B. Y. (2014). Çavuşçu Gölü’nün (Konya/Ilgın) Bazı Su Kalite Özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, (39), 1-9.
10. [11] Bhardwaj, L. K., & Sharma, A. (2021). Estimation of Physico-Chemical, Trace Metals, Microbiological and Phthalate in PET Bottled Water. Chemistry Africa, 1-11.
11. [12] Fiket Ž, Roje V, Mikac N, Kniewald G (2007) Determination of arsenic and other trace elements in bottled waters by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Croat. Chem Acta 80(1):91–100 65.
12. [13] Shotyk W, Krachler M (2007) Lead in bottled waters: contamina-tion from glass and comparison with pristine groundwater. Environ Sci Technol 41(10):3508–3513.
13. [14] Gilbert, M. (2017). Plastics materials: Introduction and historical development. In Brydson's plastics materials (pp. 1-18). Butterworth-Heinemann.
14. [15] Güler, C., & Alpaslan, M. (2009). Mineral content of 70 bottled water brands sold on the Turkish market: assessment of their compliance with current regulations. Journal of Food composition and Analysis, 22(7-8), 728-737.
15. [16] Osei AS, Newman MJ, Mingle JA, Ayeh-Kumi PF, Kwasi MO (2013) Microbiological quality of packaged water sold in Accra, Ghana. Food Control 31(1):172–175.
16. [17] Cidu, R., Frau, F., & Tore, P. (2011). Drinking water quality: Comparing inorganic components in bottled water and Italian tap water. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(2), 184-193.
17. [18] Gümüş, N. E., Karataş, M., & Akköz, C. (2013). Chemical and bacteriological properties of fresh water fountains of Karaman province. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7(1), 61-65.
18. [19] Michalski, R., Jabłońska-Czapla, M., Szopa, S., & Łyko, A. (2018). Analysis of commercially available bottled water in Poland. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ), 17(7), 1667-1677.
19. [20] Ehya, F., & Ghanavati, Z. (2019). Chemical characterization and quality assessment of some bottled water brands from the Kohgiluyeh-va-Boyer Ahmad province market, SW Iran. Toxin Reviews, 38(1), 77-85.
20. [21] Kilic, S., & Kilic, M. (2019). Determination of trace elements and human health risk assessment in bottled spring water: method validation. Atomic Spectroscopy, 40(5). 161–166.
21. [22] Roje, V., & Šutalo, P. (2019). Trace and major elements in Croatian bottled waters. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 201, 79-87.
22. [23] SUDER, 2021. Packaged Water Manufacturers Association (Ambalajlı Su Üreticileri Derneği) Web Page: https://suder.org.tr/
23. [24] EPA (2018). Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories tables. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington.
24. [25] Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik (Turkish Regulation on Water for Human Consumption).
25. [26] Eurachem Guide (2014) The Fitness of Purpose of Analytical Methods A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics, 2nd ed.;Magnusson, B., Örnemark, U., Eds.; Eurachem: Leoben, Austria; ISBN: 978-91-87461-59-0, https://www.eurachem.org.
26. [27] AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. (2016). Appendix F: Guidelines for standard method performance requirements.
27. [28] Shotyk, W., Krachler, M., & Chen, B. (2005). Anthropogenic impacts on the biogeochemistry and cycling of antimony. Metal ions in biological systems, 44, 171.
28. [29] Turksoy, V. A., Deniz, S., Tutkun, L., & Kirat, G. (2019). Evaluation of the Sources of Yozgat Fountain Water in Terms of Seasonal Distribution, Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 94(5), 538-544.
29. [30] Galbally, M., Bergink, V., Vigod, S. N., Buist, A., Boyce, P., Chandra, P., ... & Howard, L. M. (2018). Breastfeeding and lithium: is breast always best?. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(7), 534-536.
30. [31] Eyre-Watt, B., Mahendran, E., Suetani, S., Firth, J., Kisely, S., & Siskind, D. (2021). The association between lithium in drinking water and neuropsychiatric outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis from across 2678 regions containing 113 million people. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 139-152.
31. [32] Kocak, N., Sahin, M., & Gubbuk, I. H. (2012). Synthesized of sporopollenin-immobilized Schiff bases and their vanadium (IV) sorption studies. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 22(4), 852-859.
32. [33] Vasseghian, Y., Rad, S. S., Vilas–Boas, J. A., & Khataee, A. (2021). A global systematic review, meta-analysis, and risk assessment of the concentration of vanadium in drinking water resources. Chemosphere, 267, 128904.
33. [34] Wuilloud, R. G., Salonia, J. A., Olsina, R. A., & Martinez, L. D. (2000). Determination of vanadium (V) in drinking water by flow injection and pre-concentration in a knotted reactor by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with ultrasonic nebulization. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 55(6), 671-680.
34. [35] Kilic, S. (2019). Survey of trace elements in bottled natural mineral waters using ICP-MS. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(7), 1-7.
35. [36] Köse, E., Tokatli, C., & Çiçek, A. (2014). Monitoring Stream Water Quality: A Statistical Evaluation. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(5).
36. [37] Liu, C. W., Lin, K. H., & Kuo, Y. M. (2003). Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Science of the total environment, 313(1-3), 77-89.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Çevresel Değerlendirme ve İzleme, Kirlilik ve Kontaminasyon (Diğer), Gıda Mühendisliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Fuat Gökbel ^*
0000-0002-0265-1881
Türkiye

Numan Emre Gümüş
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

24 Aralık 2023

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

16 Kasım 2023

Kabul Tarihi

29 Kasım 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gökbel, F., & Gümüş, N. E. (2023). Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 101-112. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

AMA

1.Gökbel F, Gümüş NE. Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. IJENT. 2023;7(2):101-112. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

Chicago

Gökbel, Fuat, ve Numan Emre Gümüş. 2023. “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi 7 (2): 101-12. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM.

EndNote

Gökbel F, Gümüş NE (01 Aralık 2023) Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi 7 2 101–112.

IEEE

[1]F. Gökbel ve N. E. Gümüş, “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”, IJENT, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 101–112, Ara. 2023, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

ISNAD

Gökbel, Fuat - Gümüş, Numan Emre. “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi 7/2 (01 Aralık 2023): 101-112. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM.

JAMA

1.Gökbel F, Gümüş NE. Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. IJENT. 2023;7:101–112.

MLA

Gökbel, Fuat, ve Numan Emre Gümüş. “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi, c. 7, sy 2, Aralık 2023, ss. 101-12, https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM.

Vancouver

1.Fuat Gökbel, Numan Emre Gümüş. Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. IJENT [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2023;7(2):101-12. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation

Öz

Heavy metal pollution has been a major problem in drinking water all over the world. Increase in water pollution due to population growth, also inadequate municipality services, people have preferred consuming bottled water more. Hence, it is crucial to determine mineral composition of the bottled drinking water. In this study, Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Lithium (Li), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Strontium (Sr) and Vanadium (V) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in bottled drinking water samples sold in supermarkets. Linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), reproducibility and recovery (%) values were determined. Method validation data results showed that the method is applicable for elemental analysis in bottled drinking water samples. As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were not detected in the samples (

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bottled drinking water
• heavy metal
• method validation
• trace elements
• ICP-OES

Kaynakça

1. [1] Pandey, S. (2006). Water pollution and health. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ), 4(1), 128-134.
2. [2] Alzaridi, F. M. N. S., & Kurnaz, A. (2020). Determination of concentration levels of toxic elements and radon in drinking waters consumed in Kastamonu province, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1-12.
3. [3] WHO (2022). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Fourth Edition, Incorporating the First and Second Addenda. World Health Organization, Geneva.
4. [4] Ji, Y., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Elumalai, V., Subramani, T. (2020). Seasonal variation of drinking water quality and human health risk assessment in Hancheng City of Guanzhong Plain, China. Exposure and Health, 12(3): 469-485.
5. [5] Matricon, J. (2015). Yaşasın su. Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
6. [6] Xiaowen D., Shouyan, W., Guihong, J. and Guohe, H. (2017) A simulation program on change trend of pollutant concentration under water pollution accidents and its application in Heshangshan drinking water source area. Journal of Cleaner Production. 167, 326-336.
7. [7] Aşıkkutlu B., Gümüş, N.E., & Akköz, C. (2021). Water Quality Properties of Acı Lake and Meke Lake (Konya/Turkey). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 7(3), 260-270. [8] Keskinkaya, H. B., Gümüş, N. E., Aşıkkutlu, B., Akköz, C., Okudan, E. Ş., & Karakurt, S. (2020). Macro and Trace Element Levels of Green Algae Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889 From Dardanelles (Çanakkale/Turkey). Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 55-61.
8. [9] Kibria, G. (2016). Trace metals/heavy metals and its impact on environment, biodiversity and human health-A short review. 5p. doi: 10.13140/RG. 2.1. 3102.2568.

9. [10] Aşıkkutlu, B. , Akköz, C. & Öztürk, B. Y. (2014). Çavuşçu Gölü’nün (Konya/Ilgın) Bazı Su Kalite Özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, (39), 1-9.
10. [11] Bhardwaj, L. K., & Sharma, A. (2021). Estimation of Physico-Chemical, Trace Metals, Microbiological and Phthalate in PET Bottled Water. Chemistry Africa, 1-11.
11. [12] Fiket Ž, Roje V, Mikac N, Kniewald G (2007) Determination of arsenic and other trace elements in bottled waters by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Croat. Chem Acta 80(1):91–100 65.
12. [13] Shotyk W, Krachler M (2007) Lead in bottled waters: contamina-tion from glass and comparison with pristine groundwater. Environ Sci Technol 41(10):3508–3513.
13. [14] Gilbert, M. (2017). Plastics materials: Introduction and historical development. In Brydson's plastics materials (pp. 1-18). Butterworth-Heinemann.
14. [15] Güler, C., & Alpaslan, M. (2009). Mineral content of 70 bottled water brands sold on the Turkish market: assessment of their compliance with current regulations. Journal of Food composition and Analysis, 22(7-8), 728-737.
15. [16] Osei AS, Newman MJ, Mingle JA, Ayeh-Kumi PF, Kwasi MO (2013) Microbiological quality of packaged water sold in Accra, Ghana. Food Control 31(1):172–175.
16. [17] Cidu, R., Frau, F., & Tore, P. (2011). Drinking water quality: Comparing inorganic components in bottled water and Italian tap water. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(2), 184-193.
17. [18] Gümüş, N. E., Karataş, M., & Akköz, C. (2013). Chemical and bacteriological properties of fresh water fountains of Karaman province. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 7(1), 61-65.
18. [19] Michalski, R., Jabłońska-Czapla, M., Szopa, S., & Łyko, A. (2018). Analysis of commercially available bottled water in Poland. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal (EEMJ), 17(7), 1667-1677.
19. [20] Ehya, F., & Ghanavati, Z. (2019). Chemical characterization and quality assessment of some bottled water brands from the Kohgiluyeh-va-Boyer Ahmad province market, SW Iran. Toxin Reviews, 38(1), 77-85.
20. [21] Kilic, S., & Kilic, M. (2019). Determination of trace elements and human health risk assessment in bottled spring water: method validation. Atomic Spectroscopy, 40(5). 161–166.
21. [22] Roje, V., & Šutalo, P. (2019). Trace and major elements in Croatian bottled waters. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 201, 79-87.
22. [23] SUDER, 2021. Packaged Water Manufacturers Association (Ambalajlı Su Üreticileri Derneği) Web Page: https://suder.org.tr/
23. [24] EPA (2018). Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories tables. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington.
24. [25] Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik (Turkish Regulation on Water for Human Consumption).
25. [26] Eurachem Guide (2014) The Fitness of Purpose of Analytical Methods A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics, 2nd ed.;Magnusson, B., Örnemark, U., Eds.; Eurachem: Leoben, Austria; ISBN: 978-91-87461-59-0, https://www.eurachem.org.
26. [27] AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. (2016). Appendix F: Guidelines for standard method performance requirements.
27. [28] Shotyk, W., Krachler, M., & Chen, B. (2005). Anthropogenic impacts on the biogeochemistry and cycling of antimony. Metal ions in biological systems, 44, 171.
28. [29] Turksoy, V. A., Deniz, S., Tutkun, L., & Kirat, G. (2019). Evaluation of the Sources of Yozgat Fountain Water in Terms of Seasonal Distribution, Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 94(5), 538-544.
29. [30] Galbally, M., Bergink, V., Vigod, S. N., Buist, A., Boyce, P., Chandra, P., ... & Howard, L. M. (2018). Breastfeeding and lithium: is breast always best?. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(7), 534-536.
30. [31] Eyre-Watt, B., Mahendran, E., Suetani, S., Firth, J., Kisely, S., & Siskind, D. (2021). The association between lithium in drinking water and neuropsychiatric outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis from across 2678 regions containing 113 million people. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 139-152.
31. [32] Kocak, N., Sahin, M., & Gubbuk, I. H. (2012). Synthesized of sporopollenin-immobilized Schiff bases and their vanadium (IV) sorption studies. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 22(4), 852-859.
32. [33] Vasseghian, Y., Rad, S. S., Vilas–Boas, J. A., & Khataee, A. (2021). A global systematic review, meta-analysis, and risk assessment of the concentration of vanadium in drinking water resources. Chemosphere, 267, 128904.
33. [34] Wuilloud, R. G., Salonia, J. A., Olsina, R. A., & Martinez, L. D. (2000). Determination of vanadium (V) in drinking water by flow injection and pre-concentration in a knotted reactor by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with ultrasonic nebulization. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 55(6), 671-680.
34. [35] Kilic, S. (2019). Survey of trace elements in bottled natural mineral waters using ICP-MS. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(7), 1-7.
35. [36] Köse, E., Tokatli, C., & Çiçek, A. (2014). Monitoring Stream Water Quality: A Statistical Evaluation. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23(5).
36. [37] Liu, C. W., Lin, K. H., & Kuo, Y. M. (2003). Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Science of the total environment, 313(1-3), 77-89.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Çevresel Değerlendirme ve İzleme, Kirlilik ve Kontaminasyon (Diğer), Gıda Mühendisliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Fuat Gökbel ^*
0000-0002-0265-1881
Türkiye

Numan Emre Gümüş
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

24 Aralık 2023

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2023

Gönderilme Tarihi

16 Kasım 2023

Kabul Tarihi

29 Kasım 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gökbel, F., & Gümüş, N. E. (2023). Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi, 7(2), 101-112. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

AMA

1.Gökbel F, Gümüş NE. Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. IJENT. 2023;7(2):101-112. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

Chicago

Gökbel, Fuat, ve Numan Emre Gümüş. 2023. “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi 7 (2): 101-12. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM.

EndNote

Gökbel F, Gümüş NE (01 Aralık 2023) Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi 7 2 101–112.

IEEE

[1]F. Gökbel ve N. E. Gümüş, “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”, IJENT, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 101–112, Ara. 2023, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

ISNAD

Gökbel, Fuat - Gümüş, Numan Emre. “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi 7/2 (01 Aralık 2023): 101-112. https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM.

JAMA

1.Gökbel F, Gümüş NE. Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. IJENT. 2023;7:101–112.

MLA

Gökbel, Fuat, ve Numan Emre Gümüş. “Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation”. Uluslararası Çevresel Eğilimler Dergisi, c. 7, sy 2, Aralık 2023, ss. 101-12, https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM.

Vancouver

1.Fuat Gökbel, Numan Emre Gümüş. Determination of Elements in Turkish Bottled Drinking Waters Using ICP-OES: Method Validation. IJENT [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2023;7(2):101-12. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA35DE84LM

Kaynakça

1. [1] Pandey, S. (2006). Water pollution and health. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ), 4(1), 128-134.
2. [2] Alzaridi, F. M. N. S., & Kurnaz, A. (2020). Determination of concentration levels of toxic elements and radon in drinking waters consumed in Kastamonu province, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 1-12.
3. [3] WHO (2022). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Fourth Edition, Incorporating the First and Second Addenda. World Health Organization, Geneva.
4. [4] Ji, Y., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Elumalai, V., Subramani, T. (2020). Seasonal variation of drinking water quality and human health risk assessment in Hancheng City of Guanzhong Plain, China. Exposure and Health, 12(3): 469-485.
5. [5] Matricon, J. (2015). Yaşasın su. Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul.
6. [6] Xiaowen D., Shouyan, W., Guihong, J. and Guohe, H. (2017) A simulation program on change trend of pollutant concentration under water pollution accidents and its application in Heshangshan drinking water source area. Journal of Cleaner Production. 167, 326-336.
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